diff --git a/01_equalities.clj b/01_equalities.clj new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ea4c07f --- /dev/null +++ b/01_equalities.clj @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + ; "We shall contemplate truth by testing reality, via equality" + (= true true) + + ; "To understand reality, we must compare our expectations against reality" + (= 2 (+ 1 1)) + + ; "You can test equality of many things" + (= 5 (+ 3 4) 7 (+ 2 __)) + + ; "Some things may appear different, but be the same" + (= true (= 2 2/1)) + + ; "You cannot generally float to heavens of integers" + (= false (= 2 2.0)) + + ; "But a looser equality is also possible" + (= true (== 2.0 2)) + + ; "Something is not equal to nothing" + (= true (not (= 1 nil))) + + ; "Strings, and keywords, and symbols: oh my!" + (= false (= "hello" :hello 'hello)) + + ; "Make a keyword with your keyboard" + (= :hello (keyword "hello")) + + ; "Symbolism is all around us" + (= 'hello (symbol "hello")) + + ; "When things cannot be equal, they must be different" + (not= :fill-in-the-blank "anything here") diff --git a/02_strings.clj b/02_strings.clj new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3d148f1 --- /dev/null +++ b/02_strings.clj @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ + + ; "A string is nothing more than text surrounded by double quotes" + (= "hello" "hello") + + ; "But double quotes are just magic on top of something deeper" + (= "world" (str 'world)) + + ; "You can do more than create strings, you can put them together" + (= "Cool right?" (str "Cool" " right?")) ;; J - Whitespace!! + + ; "You can even get certain characters" + (= \C (get "Characters" 0)) ;; J - get returns character or item number at a given index + + ; "Or even count the characters" + (= 11 (count "Hello World")) ;; J - count returns the length of a string or list + + ; "But strings and characters are not the same" + (= false (= \c "c")) + + ; "What if you only wanted to get part of a string?" + (= "World" (subs "Hello World" 6 11)) ;; J - subs returns a substring of a given string and can take + ;; two arguments. The the first one is the begining index of the + ;; substring and the second one is the last + + ; "How about joining together elements in a list?" + (= "123" (string/join '(1 2 3))) + + ; "What if you wanted to separate them out?" + (= "1, 2, 3" (clojure.string/join ", " '(1 2 3))) ;; J - join does non seperate with whitespace by default + + ; "Maybe you want to separate out all your lines" + (= ["1" "2" "3"] (clojure.string/split-lines "1\n2\n3")) + + ; "You may want to make sure your words are backwards" + (= "olleh" (string/reverse "hello")) + + ; "Maybe you want to find the index of the first occurence of a substring" + (= 0 (clojure.string/index-of "hello world" __)) + + ; "Or maybe the last index of the same" + (= __ (clojure.string/last-index-of "hello world, hello" "hello")) + + ; "But when something doesn't exist, nothing is found" + (= (clojure.string/index-of "hello world" "bob")) ;; J - Errored out + + ; "Sometimes you don't want whitespace cluttering the front and back" + (= "hello world" (clojure.string/trim " \nhello world \t \n")) + + ; "You can check if something is a char" + (= true (char? \c)) + + ; "But it may not be" + (= false (char? "a")) + + ; "But chars aren't strings" + (= false (string? \b)) + + ; "Strings are strings" + (= true (string? __)) + + ; "Some strings may be blank" + (= true (clojure.string/blank? "")) + + ; "Even if at first glance they aren't" + (= true (clojure.string/blank? " \n \t ")) + + ; "However, most strings aren't blank" + (= false (clojure.string/blank? "hello?\nare you out there?")) diff --git a/03_lists.clj b/03_lists.clj new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e9bdd8d --- /dev/null +++ b/03_lists.clj @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ + + ; "Lists can be expressed by function or a quoted form" + (= '(1 2 3 4 5) (list 1 2 3 4 5)) + + ; "They are Clojure seqs (sequences), so they allow access to the first" + (= 1 (first '(1 2 3 4 5))) + + ; "As well as the rest" + (= 2 3 4 5 (rest '(1 2 3 4 5))) ;; J - + + ; "Count your blessings" + (= 3 (count '(dracula dooku chocula))) + + ; "Before they are gone" + (= 0 (count '())) + + ; "The rest, when nothing is left, is empty" + (= (rest '(100))) ;; J - returns nothing. + + ; "Construction by adding an element to the front is easy" + (= :a :b :c :d :e (cons :a '(:b :c :d :e))) ;; J - cons add's the element on the left to the beginning + ;; of the list on the right and returns a seq. + ;;(EX: (cons [1 2] '(3 4 5)) => '([1 2] 3 4 5) + + ; "Conjoining an element to a list isn't hard either" + (= :a :b :c :d :e (conj '(:a :b :c :d) :e)) + ;; J - conj works like cons, but takes any number of arguments from + ;; the right and adds them to the beginning of the list on the left + ;; returning them in the structure of whatever the list on the left is defined + ;; as originally. (EX: (conj [4 5 6] 1 2 3) => [1 2 3 4 5 6] + + ; "You can use a list like a stack to get the first element" + (= :a (peek '(:a :b :c :d :e))) ;; J - returns the first element + + ; "Or the others" + (= (:b) (pop '(:a :b :c :d :e))) ;; J - pops the first element and returns the others as a seq + + ; "But watch out if you try to pop nothing" + (= (try ;; J - Catch raises an error similar to 'raise' in Ruby. + (pop '()) + (catch IllegalStateException e + "No dice!"))) + + ; "The rest of nothing isn't so strict" + (= () (try + (rest '()) + (catch IllegalStateException e + "No dice!"))) diff --git a/04_vectors.clj b/04_vectors.clj new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5d5ed27 --- /dev/null +++ b/04_vectors.clj @@ -0,0 +1,30 @@ + + ; "You can use vectors in clojure as array-like structures" + (= 1 (count [42])) + + ; "You can create a vector from a list" + (= [1] (vec '(1))) + + ; "Or from some elements" + (= [nil nil] (vector nil nil)) + + ; "But you can populate it with any number of elements at once" + (= [1 2] (vec '(1 2))) + + ; "Conjoining to a vector is different than to a list" + (= __ (conj [111 222] 333)) + + ; "You can get the first element of a vector like so" + (= :peanut (first [:peanut :butter :and :jelly])) + + ; "And the last in a similar fashion" + (= :jelly (last [:peanut :butter :and :jelly])) + + ; "Or any index if you wish" + (= :jelly (nth [:peanut :butter :and :jelly] 3)) ;; J - index #'s still start with 0 in Clojure. + + ; "You can also slice a vector" + (= [:butter :and] (subvec [:peanut :butter :and :jelly] 1 3)) ;; J - slicing with subvec includes first index arg and excludes second + + ; "Equality with collections is in terms of values" + (= true (list 1 2 3) (vector 1 2 3)) ;; J - lists and vectors are comparable. diff --git a/05_sets.clj b/05_sets.clj new file mode 100644 index 0000000..63f920b --- /dev/null +++ b/05_sets.clj @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + ; "You can create a set by converting another collection" + (= #{3} (set [3])) + + ; "Counting them is like counting other collections" + (= 3 (count #{1 2 3})) + + ; "Remember that a set is a *mathematical* set" + (= #{1 2 3 4 5} (set '(1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5))) ;; J - This creates a unique ORDERED set so it's always sorted. + + ; "You can ask clojure for the union of two sets" + (= #{1 2 3 4 5} (set/union #{1 2 3 4} #{2 3 5})) ;; J - Uniting sets still orders them and keeps elements unique + + ; "And also the intersection" + (= #{2 3} (set/intersection #{1 2 3 4} #{2 3 5})) ;; J - Creates a new set of common elements. + + ; "But don't forget about the difference" + (= #{1 4} (set/difference #{1 2 3 4 5} #{2 3 5})) diff --git a/06_maps.clj b/06_maps.clj new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1e745cb --- /dev/null +++ b/06_maps.clj @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ + + ; "Don't get lost when creating a map" + (= {:a 1 :b 2} (hash-map :a 1 :b 2)) ;; J - Hash maps are key-value pairs defined as a linear + ;; sequence. {key value key2 value2} etc. + ; "A value must be supplied for each key" + (= {:a 1} (hash-map :a 1)) + + ; "The size is the number of entries" + (= 2 (count {:a 1 :b 2})) + + ; "You can look up the value for a given key" + (= 2 (get {:a 1 :b 2} :b)) + + ; "Maps can be used as functions to do lookups" + (= 1 ({:a 1 :b 2} :a)) ;; J - This is a bit confusing, but it essentially amounts to a keyword placed + ;; on either side of a hash-map returning the key-word's matching value, the difference + ;; being that the left object is called as a function on the right. + + ; "And so can keywords" + (= 1 (:a {:a 1 :b 2})) + + ; "But map keys need not be keywords" + (= "Sochi" ({2010 "Vancouver" 2014 "Sochi" 2018 "PyeongChang"} 2014)) + + ; "You may not be able to find an entry for a key" + (= nil (get {:a 1 :b 2} :c)) ;; J - This caused a considerable delay in the REPL. + + ; "But you can provide your own default" + (= :key-not-found (get {:a 1 :b 2} :c :key-not-found)) ;; J - The third argument for get is the default. + + ; "You can find out if a key is present" + (= true (contains? {:a nil :b nil} :b)) + + ; "Or if it is missing" + (= false (contains? {:a nil :b nil} :c)) + + ; "Maps are immutable, but you can create a new and improved version" + (= {1 "January" 2 "February"} (assoc {1 "January"} 2 "February")) + + ; "You can also create a new version with an entry removed" + (= {1 "January"} (dissoc {1 "January" 2 "February"} 2)) ;; J - This can take any number of keys to dissociate. + + ; "Often you will need to get the keys, but the order is undependable" + (= (list 2010 2014 2018) + (sort (keys { 2014 "Sochi" 2018 "PyeongChang" 2010 "Vancouver"}))) ;; J - If you don't sort these, they are + ;; essentially returned in random order. + ; "You can get the values in a similar way" + (= (list "PyeongChang" "Vancouver" "PyeongChang") + (sort (vals {2010 "Vancouver" 2014 "Sochi" 2018 "PyeongChang"}))) ;; J - Sorts numerically or alphabetically diff --git a/07_functions.clj b/07_functions.clj new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2597e8c --- /dev/null +++ b/07_functions.clj @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ + + ; "Calling a function is like giving it a hug with parentheses" + (= (square 9)) + + ; "Functions are usually defined before they are used" + (= (multiply-by-ten 2)) + + ; "But they can also be defined inline" + (= 10 ((fn [n] (* 5 n)) 2)) + + ; "Or using an even shorter syntax" + (= 60 (#(* 15 %) 4)) ;; J - This is an important bit of sugar to memorize. + ;; To make it easy, '#' initiates the declaration of an anonymous function + ;; and % is the argument. So, in this case, # replaces 'fn [n]' and '%' replaces n + + ; "Even anonymous functions may take multiple arguments" + (= 15 (#(+ %1 %2 %3) 4 5 6)) + + ; "Arguments can also be skipped" + (= 30 (#(* 15 %2) 1 2)) + + ; "One function can beget another" + (= 9 ((fn [] ((fn [a b] (+ a b)) 4 5)))) + + ; "Functions can also take other functions as input" + (= 20 ((fn [f] (f 4 5)) + *)) ;; J - Mathematical operators in Clojure serve as functions. + + ; "Higher-order functions take function arguments" + (= 25 (#(% 5) + (fn [n] (* n n)))) + + ; "But they are often better written using the names of functions" + (= 25 (defn square [n] (* n n))) diff --git a/08_conditionals.clj b/08_conditionals.clj new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cdc6964 --- /dev/null +++ b/08_conditionals.clj @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +(defn explain-exercise-velocity [exercise-term] + (case exercise-term + :ten-mph :pretty-fast + :watching-tv :not-so-fast)) + + + + ; "You will face many decisions" + (= :a (if (false? (= 4 5)) + :a + :b)) + + ; "Some of them leave you no alternative" + (= [] (if (> 4 3) ;; J - This is the equivalent of an if statement without an else. + [])) ;; returns nil if false as seen below. + + ; "And in such a situation you may have nothing" + (= nil (if (nil? 0) + [:a :b :c])) + + ; "In others your alternative may be interesting" + (= :glory (if (not (empty? ())) + :doom + :glory)) + + ; "You may have a multitude of possible paths" + (let [x 5] + (= :your-road (cond (= x 3) :road-not-taken + (= x 2) :another-road-not-taken + :else :your-road))) ;; J - The syntax and formatting of this statement + ;; are crucial in writing these statements correctly. + + ; "Or your fate may be sealed" + (= 'doom (if-not (zero? 1) + 'doom + 'more-doom)) + + ; "In case of emergency, go fast" + (= :pretty-fast + (explain-exercise-velocity :ten-mph)) + + ; "But admit it when you don't know what to do" + (= :not-so-fast + (explain-exercise-velocity :watching-tv)) diff --git a/09_higher_order_functions.clj b/09_higher_order_functions.clj new file mode 100644 index 0000000..087e3b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/09_higher_order_functions.clj @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ + + ; "The map function relates a sequence to another" + (= [4 8 12] (map (fn [x] (* 4 x)) [1 2 3])) + + ; "You may create that mapping" + (= [1 4 9 16 25] (map (fn [x] (* x x)) [1 2 3 4 5])) + + ; "Or use the names of existing functions" + (= '(false false true false false) (map nil? [:a :b nil :c :d])) + + ; "A filter can be strong" + (= () (filter (fn [x] false) '(:anything :goes :here))) + + ; "Or very weak" + (= '(:anything :goes :here) (filter (fn [x] true) '(:anything :goes :here))) + + ; "Or somewhere in between" + (= [10 20 30] (filter (fn [x] (<= x 30)) [10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80])) + + ; "Maps and filters may be combined" + (= [10 20 30] (map (fn [x] (* x 10)) + (filter (fn [x] (<= x 3)) [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8]))) + + ; "Reducing can increase the result" + (= 24 (reduce (fn [a b] (* a b)) [1 2 3 4])) + + ; "You can start somewhere else" + (= 2400 (reduce (fn [a b] (* a b)) (cons 100 [1 2 3 4]))) + + ; "Numbers are not the only things one can reduce" + (= "longest" (reduce (fn [a b] + (if (< (count a)) b a)) + ["which" "word" "is" "longest"])) diff --git a/10_runtime_polymorphism.clj b/10_runtime_polymorphism.clj new file mode 100644 index 0000000..18a4989 --- /dev/null +++ b/10_runtime_polymorphism.clj @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + ; "Some functions can be used in different ways - with no arguments" + (= __ (hello)) + + ; "With one argument" + (= __ (hello "world")) + + ; "Or with many arguments" + (= __ + (hello "Peter" "Paul" "Mary")) + + ; "Multimethods allow more complex dispatching" + (= "Bambi eats veggies." + (diet {:species "deer" :name "Bambi" :age 1 :eater :herbivore})) + + ; "Animals have different names" + (= "Thumper eats veggies." + (diet {:species "rabbit" :name "Thumper" :age 1 :eater :herbivore})) + + ; "Different methods are used depending on the dispatch function result" + (= "Simba eats animals." + (diet {:species "lion" :name "Simba" :age 1 :eater :carnivore})) + + ; "You may use a default method when no others match" + (= "I don't know what Rich Hickey eats." + (diet {:name "Rich Hickey"})) diff --git a/11_lazy_sequences.clj b/11_lazy_sequences.clj new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dfba1d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/11_lazy_sequences.clj @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + ; "There are many ways to generate a sequence" + (= __ (range 1 5)) + + ; "The range starts at the beginning by default" + (= __ (range 5)) + + ; "Only take what you need when the sequence is large" + (= [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9] + (take __ (range 100))) + + ; "Or limit results by dropping what you don't need" + (= [95 96 97 98 99] + (drop __ (range 100))) + + ; "Iteration provides an infinite lazy sequence" + (= __ (take 20 (iterate inc 0))) + + ; "Repetition is key" + (= [:a :a :a :a :a :a :a :a :a :a] + (repeat 10 __)) + + ; "Iteration can be used for repetition" + (= (repeat 100 :hello) + (take 100 (iterate ___ :hello))) diff --git a/src/koans/12_sequence_comprehensions.clj b/12_sequence_comprehensions.clj similarity index 63% rename from src/koans/12_sequence_comprehensions.clj rename to 12_sequence_comprehensions.clj index f131e1a..3c2506b 100644 --- a/src/koans/12_sequence_comprehensions.clj +++ b/12_sequence_comprehensions.clj @@ -1,36 +1,33 @@ -(ns koans.12-sequence-comprehensions - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) -(meditations - "Sequence comprehensions can bind each element in turn to a symbol" + ; "Sequence comprehensions can bind each element in turn to a symbol" (= __ (for [x (range 6)] x)) - "They can easily emulate mapping" + ; "They can easily emulate mapping" (= '(0 1 4 9 16 25) (map (fn [x] (* x x)) (range 6)) (for [x (range 6)] __)) - "And also filtering" + ; "And also filtering" (= '(1 3 5 7 9) (filter odd? (range 10)) (for [x __ :when (odd? x)] x)) - "Combinations of these transformations is trivial" + ; "Combinations of these transformations is trivial" (= '(1 9 25 49 81) (map (fn [x] (* x x)) (filter odd? (range 10))) (for [x (range 10) :when __] __)) - "More complex transformations simply take multiple binding forms" + ; "More complex transformations simply take multiple binding forms" (= [[:top :left] [:top :middle] [:top :right] [:middle :left] [:middle :middle] [:middle :right] [:bottom :left] [:bottom :middle] [:bottom :right]] (for [row [:top :middle :bottom] column [:left :middle :right]] - __))) + __)) diff --git a/src/koans/13_creating_functions.clj b/13_creating_functions.clj similarity index 52% rename from src/koans/13_creating_functions.clj rename to 13_creating_functions.clj index 7d84bc8..c5cac97 100644 --- a/src/koans/13_creating_functions.clj +++ b/13_creating_functions.clj @@ -1,35 +1,30 @@ -(ns koans.13-creating-functions - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) -(defn square [x] (* x x)) - -(meditations - "One may know what they seek by knowing what they do not seek" + ; "One may know what they seek by knowing what they do not seek" (= [__ __ __] (let [not-a-symbol? (complement symbol?)] (map not-a-symbol? [:a 'b "c"]))) - "Praise and 'complement' may help you separate the wheat from the chaff" + ; "Praise and 'complement' may help you separate the wheat from the chaff" (= [:wheat "wheat" 'wheat] (let [not-nil? ___] (filter not-nil? [nil :wheat nil "wheat" nil 'wheat nil]))) - "Partial functions allow procrastination" + ; "Partial functions allow procrastination" (= 20 (let [multiply-by-5 (partial * 5)] (___ __))) - "Don't forget: first things first" + ; "Don't forget: first things first" (= [__ __ __ __] (let [ab-adder (partial concat [:a :b])] (ab-adder [__ __]))) - "Functions can join forces as one 'composed' function" + ; "Functions can join forces as one 'composed' function" (= 25 (let [inc-and-square (comp square inc)] (inc-and-square __))) - "Have a go on a double dec-er" + ; "Have a go on a double dec-er" (= __ (let [double-dec (comp dec dec)] (double-dec 10))) - "Be careful about the order in which you mix your functions" + ; "Be careful about the order in which you mix your functions" (= 99 (let [square-and-dec ___] - (square-and-dec 10)))) + (square-and-dec 10))) diff --git a/14_recursion.clj b/14_recursion.clj new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f71a408 --- /dev/null +++ b/14_recursion.clj @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ + (defn is-even? [n] + (if (= n 0) + __ + (___ (is-even? (dec n))))) + + (defn is-even-bigint? [n] + (loop [n n + acc true] + (if (= n 0) + __ + (recur (dec n) (not acc))))) + + (defn recursive-reverse [coll] + __) + + (defn factorial [n] + __) + + ; "Recursion ends with a base case" + (= true (is-even? 0)) + + ; "And starts by moving toward that base case" + (= false (is-even? 1)) + + ; "Having too many stack frames requires explicit tail calls with recur" + (= false (is-even-bigint? 100003N)) + + ; "Reversing directions is easy when you have not gone far" + (= '(1) (recursive-reverse [1])) + + ; "Yet it becomes more difficult the more steps you take" + (= '(5 4 3 2 1) (recursive-reverse [1 2 3 4 5])) + + ; "Simple things may appear simple." + (= 1 (factorial 1)) + + ; "They may require other simple steps." + (= 2 (factorial 2)) + + ; "Sometimes a slightly bigger step is necessary" + (= 6 (factorial 3)) + + ; "And eventually you must think harder" + (= 24 (factorial 4)) + + ; "You can even deal with very large numbers" + (< 1000000000000000000000000N (factorial 1000N)) + + ; "But what happens when the machine limits you?" + (< 1000000000000000000000000N (factorial 100003N)) diff --git a/src/koans/15_destructuring.clj b/15_destructuring.clj similarity index 65% rename from src/koans/15_destructuring.clj rename to 15_destructuring.clj index 32fc983..39c7caf 100644 --- a/src/koans/15_destructuring.clj +++ b/15_destructuring.clj @@ -1,44 +1,36 @@ -(ns koans.15-destructuring - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) -(def test-address - {:street-address "123 Test Lane" - :city "Testerville" - :state "TX"}) - -(meditations - "Destructuring is an arbiter: it breaks up arguments" + ; "Destructuring is an arbiter: it breaks up arguments" (= __ ((fn [[a b]] (str b a)) [:foo :bar])) - "Whether in function definitions" + ; "Whether in function definitions" (= (str "An Oxford comma list of apples, " "oranges, " "and pears.") ((fn [[a b c]] __) ["apples" "oranges" "pears"])) - "Or in let expressions" + ; "Or in let expressions" (= "Rich Hickey aka The Clojurer aka Go Time aka Lambda Guru" (let [[first-name last-name & aliases] (list "Rich" "Hickey" "The Clojurer" "Go Time" "Lambda Guru")] __)) - "You can regain the full argument if you like arguing" + ; "You can regain the full argument if you like arguing" (= {:original-parts ["Stephen" "Hawking"] :named-parts {:first "Stephen" :last "Hawking"}} (let [[first-name last-name :as full-name] ["Stephen" "Hawking"]] __)) - "Break up maps by key" + ; "Break up maps by key" (= "123 Test Lane, Testerville, TX" (let [{street-address :street-address, city :city, state :state} test-address] __)) - "Or more succinctly" + ; "Or more succinctly" (= "123 Test Lane, Testerville, TX" (let [{:keys [street-address __ __]} test-address] __)) - "All together now!" + ; "All together now!" (= "Test Testerson, 123 Test Lane, Testerville, TX" - (___ ["Test" "Testerson"] test-address))) + (___ ["Test" "Testerson"] test-address)) diff --git a/src/koans/16_refs.clj b/16_refs.clj similarity index 56% rename from src/koans/16_refs.clj rename to 16_refs.clj index 3395f29..ee7d551 100644 --- a/src/koans/16_refs.clj +++ b/16_refs.clj @@ -1,22 +1,16 @@ -(ns koans.16-refs - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) -(def the-world (ref "hello")) -(def bizarro-world (ref {})) - -(meditations - "In the beginning, there was a word" + ; "In the beginning, there was a word" (= __ (deref the-world)) - "You can get the word more succinctly, but it's the same" + ; "You can get the word more succinctly, but it's the same" (= __ @the-world) - "You can be the change you wish to see in the world." + ; "You can be the change you wish to see in the world." (= __ (do (dosync (ref-set the-world "better")) @the-world)) - "Alter where you need not replace" + ; "Alter where you need not replace" (= __ (let [exclamator (fn [x] (str x "!"))] (dosync (alter the-world exclamator) @@ -24,19 +18,19 @@ (alter the-world exclamator)) @the-world)) - "Don't forget to do your work in a transaction!" + ; "Don't forget to do your work in a transaction!" (= 0 (do __ @the-world)) - "Functions passed to alter may depend on the data in the ref" + ; "Functions passed to alter may depend on the data in the ref" (= 20 (do (dosync (alter the-world ___)))) - "Two worlds are better than one" + ; "Two worlds are better than one" (= ["Real Jerry" "Bizarro Jerry"] (do (dosync (ref-set the-world {}) (alter the-world assoc :jerry "Real Jerry") (alter bizarro-world assoc :jerry "Bizarro Jerry") - __)))) + __))) diff --git a/17_atoms.clj b/17_atoms.clj new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f5ca9f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/17_atoms.clj @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ + + ; "Atoms are like refs" + (= __ @atomic-clock) + + ; "You can change at the swap meet" + (= __ (do + (swap! atomic-clock inc) + @atomic-clock)) + + ; "Keep taxes out of this: swapping requires no transaction" + (= 5 (do + __ + @atomic-clock)) + + ; "Any number of arguments might happen during a swap" + (= __ (do + (swap! atomic-clock + 1 2 3 4 5) + @atomic-clock)) + + ; "Atomic atoms are atomic" + (= __ (do + (compare-and-set! atomic-clock 100 :fin) + @atomic-clock)) + + ; "When your expectations are aligned with reality, things proceed that way" + (= :fin (do + (compare-and-set! __ __ __) + @atomic-clock)) diff --git a/src/koans/18_macros.clj b/18_macros.clj similarity index 63% rename from src/koans/18_macros.clj rename to 18_macros.clj index 931dc75..223de8d 100644 --- a/src/koans/18_macros.clj +++ b/18_macros.clj @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -(ns koans.18-macros - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) (defmacro hello [x] (str "Hello, " x)) @@ -25,21 +23,20 @@ (r-infix ~first-arg) (r-infix ~others))))) -(meditations - "Macros are like functions created at compile time" + ; "Macros are like functions created at compile time" (= __ (hello "Macros!")) - "I can haz infix?" + ; "I can haz infix?" (= __ (infix (9 + 1))) - "Remember, these are nothing but code transformations" + ; "Remember, these are nothing but code transformations" (= __ (macroexpand '(infix (9 + 1)))) - "You can do better than that - hand crafting FTW!" + ; "You can do better than that - hand crafting FTW!" (= __ (macroexpand '(infix-better (10 * 2)))) - "Things don't always work as you would like them to... " + ; "Things don't always work as you would like them to... " (= __ (macroexpand '(infix-better ( 10 + (2 * 3))))) - "Really, you don't understand recursion until you understand recursion" - (= 36 (r-infix (10 + (2 * 3) + (4 * 5))))) + ; "Really, you don't understand recursion until you understand recursion" + (= 36 (r-infix (10 + (2 * 3) + (4 * 5)))) diff --git a/19_datatypes.clj b/19_datatypes.clj new file mode 100644 index 0000000..209d3a6 --- /dev/null +++ b/19_datatypes.clj @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ + + ; "Holding records is meaningful only when the record is worthy of you" + (= __ (.prize (Nobel. "peace"))) + + ; "Types are quite similar" + (= __ (.prize (Pulitzer. "literature"))) + + ; "Records may be treated like maps" + (= __ (:prize (Nobel. "physics"))) + + ; "While types may not" + (= __ (:prize (Pulitzer. "poetry"))) + + ; "Further study reveals why" + (= __ + (map map? [(Nobel. "chemistry") + (Pulitzer. "music")])) + + ; "Either sort of datatype can define methods in a protocol" + (= __ + (with-out-str (present (Oscar. "Best Picture") "Evil Alien Conquerors"))) + + ; "Surely we can implement our own by now" + (= "You're really the Worst Picture, Final Destination 5... sorry." + (with-out-str (present (Razzie. "Worst Picture") "Final Destination 5"))) diff --git a/20_java_interop.clj b/20_java_interop.clj new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6a13d66 --- /dev/null +++ b/20_java_interop.clj @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ + + ; "You may have done more with Java than you know" + (= __ (class "warfare")) ; hint: try typing (javadoc "warfare") in the REPL + + ; "The dot signifies easy and direct Java interoperation" + (= __ (.toUpperCase "select * from")) + + ; "But instance method calls are very different from normal functions" + (= ["SELECT" "FROM" "WHERE"] (map ___ ["select" "from" "where"])) + + ; "Constructing might be harder than breaking" + (= 10 (let [latch (java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch. __)] + (.getCount latch))) + + ; "Static methods are slashing prices!" + (== __ (Math/pow 2 10)) diff --git a/21_partition.clj b/21_partition.clj new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f4790b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/21_partition.clj @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + ; "To split a collection you can use the partition function" + (= '((0 1) (2 3)) (__ 2 (range 4))) + + ; "But watch out if there are not enough elements to form n sequences" + (= '(__) (partition 3 [:a :b :c :d :e])) + + ; "You can use partition-all to include any leftovers too" + (= __ (partition-all 3 (range 5))) + + ; "If you need to, you can start each sequence with an offset" + (= '((0 1 2) (5 6 7) (10 11 12)) (partition 3 __ (range 13))) + + ; "Consider padding the last sequence with some default values..." + (= '((0 1 2) (3 4 5) (6 :hello)) (partition 3 3 [__] (range 7))) + + ; "... but notice that they will only pad up to the given sequence length" + (= '((0 1 2) (3 4 5) __) (partition 3 3 [:these :are "my" "words"] (range 7))) diff --git a/src/koans/22_group_by.clj b/22_group_by.clj similarity index 58% rename from src/koans/22_group_by.clj rename to 22_group_by.clj index 01de423..8921031 100644 --- a/src/koans/22_group_by.clj +++ b/22_group_by.clj @@ -1,26 +1,19 @@ -(ns koans.22-group-by - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) -(defn get-odds-and-evens [coll] - (let [{odds true evens false} (group-by __ coll)] - [odds evens])) - -(meditations - "To categorize a collection by some function, use group-by." + ; "To categorize a collection by some function, use group-by." (= __ (group-by count ["hello" "world" "foo" "bar"])) - "You can simulate filter + remove in one pass" + ; "You can simulate filter + remove in one pass" (= (get-odds-and-evens [1 2 3 4 5]) ((juxt filter remove) odd? [1 2 3 4 5]) [[1 3 5] [2 4]]) - "You can also group by a primary key" + ; "You can also group by a primary key" (= __ (group-by :id [{:id 1 :name "Bob"} {:id 2 :name "Jennifer"} {:id 1 :last-name "Smith"} ])) - "But be careful when you group by a non-required key" + ; "But be careful when you group by a non-required key" (= {"Bob" [{:name "Bob" :id 1}] "Jennifer" [{:name "Jennifer" :id 2}] __ [{:last-name "Smith" :id 1}]} @@ -28,9 +21,9 @@ {:id 2 :name "Jennifer"} {:id 1 :last-name "Smith"}])) - "The true power of group-by comes with custom functions" + ; "The true power of group-by comes with custom functions" (= __ (group-by #(if (:bad %) :naughty-list :nice-list) [{:name "Jimmy" :bad true} {:name "Jane" :bad false} - {:name "Joe" :bad true}]))) + {:name "Joe" :bad true}])) diff --git a/src/koans/23_meta.clj b/23_meta.clj similarity index 55% rename from src/koans/23_meta.clj rename to 23_meta.clj index df0274a..8041ead 100644 --- a/src/koans/23_meta.clj +++ b/23_meta.clj @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -(ns koans.23-meta - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) -(def giants - (with-meta 'Giants - {:league "National League"})) - -(meditations - "Some objects can be tagged using the with-meta function" + ; "Some objects can be tagged using the with-meta function" (= __ (meta giants)) - "Or more succinctly with a reader macro" + ; "Or more succinctly with a reader macro" (= __ (meta '^{:division "West"} Giants)) - "While others can't" + ; "While others can't" (= __ (try (with-meta 2 @@ -20,18 +13,18 @@ (catch ClassCastException e "This doesn't implement the IObj interface"))) - "Notice when metadata carries over" + ; "Notice when metadata carries over" (= __ (meta (merge '^{:foo :bar} {:a 1 :b 2} {:b 3 :c 4}))) - "And when it doesn't" + ; "And when it doesn't" (= __ (meta (merge {:a 1 :b 2} '^{:foo :bar} {:b 3 :c 4}))) - "Metadata can be used as a type hint to avoid reflection during runtime" + ; "Metadata can be used as a type hint to avoid reflection during runtime" (= __ (#(.charAt ^String % 0) "Cast me")) - "You can directly update an object's metadata" + ; "You can directly update an object's metadata" (= 8 (let [giants (with-meta 'Giants @@ -39,13 +32,13 @@ (swap! (:world-series-titles (meta giants)) __) @(:world-series-titles (meta giants)))) - "You can also create a new object from another object with metadata" + ; "You can also create a new object from another object with metadata" (= {:league "National League" :park "AT&T Park"} (meta (vary-meta giants assoc __ __))) - "But it won't affect behavior like equality" + ; "But it won't affect behavior like equality" (= __ (vary-meta giants dissoc :league)) - "Or the object's printed representation" - (= __ (pr-str (vary-meta giants dissoc :league)))) + ; "Or the object's printed representation" + (= __ (pr-str (vary-meta giants dissoc :league))) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 3d0f37c..931fba9 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,159 +1,4 @@ -# Clojure Koans +# clojure-koans +This repo logs my solutions for the popular Clojure Koans series and serves as a way to mark my progress as I learn the basics of Clojure. -The Clojure Koans are a fun and easy way to get started with Clojure - no -experience assumed or required. Just follow the instructions below to start -making tests pass! - - -### Getting Started - -The easiest and fastest way to get the koans up and running is to [download the -latest zip file from Github](https://github.com/functional-koans/clojure-koans/releases). -This way, you'll have all the dependencies you need, including Clojure itself -and JLine, and you can skip the rest of this section (skip to "Running the -Koans"). - -If you're starting from a cloned or forked repo, that's cool too. This way -you'll be able to track your progress in Git, and see how your answers compare -to others, by checking out the project's Network tab. You might want to create -your own branch - that way if you pull back the latest koans from master, it'll -be a bit easier to manage the inevitable conflicts if we make changes to -exercises you've already completed. - -The only things you'll need to run the Clojure Koans are: - -- JRE 1.6 or higher -- [clojure-1.8.0.jar](http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/clojure/clojure/1.8.0/clojure-1.8.0.zip) - -You can use [Leiningen](http://github.com/technomancy/leiningen) to -automatically install the Clojure jar in the right place. Leiningen will also -get you a couple more jarfiles, including JLine, which allows you some of the -functionality of readline (command-line history, for example). - -### Installing dependencies - -Dependencies are installed automatically with lein 2, but if for some reason -you're on lein 1 and can't upgrade, you'll need to run - -`lein deps` - -which will download all dependencies you need to run the Clojure koans. - -I strongly recommend that you upgrade to lein 2 instead! - -### Running the Koans - -If you're running from the zipfile, simply run - -`script/run` on Mac/\*nix - -`script\run` on Windows - -If you're running from a checkout using lein 2, run the koans via - -`lein koan run` - -It's an auto-runner, so as you save your files with the correct answers, it will -advance you to the next koan or file (conveniently, all files are prefixed with -the sequence that you should follow). - -You'll see something like this: - - Now meditate on /home/colin/Projects/clojure-koans/src/koans/01_equalities.clj:3 - --------------------- - Assertion failed! - We shall contemplate truth by testing reality, via equality. - (= __ true) - -The output is telling you that you have a failing test in the file named -`01_equalities.clj`, on line 3. So you just need to open that file up and make -it pass! You'll always be filling in the blanks to make tests pass. -Sometimes there could be several correct answers (or even an infinite number): -any of them will work in these cases. Some tests will pass even if you replace -the blanks with whitespace (or nothing) instead of the expected answer. Make sure -you give one correct expression to replace each blank. - -The koans differ from normal TDD in that the tests are already written for you, -so you'll have to pay close attention to the failure messages, because up until -the very end, making a test pass just means that the next failure message comes -up. - -While it might be easy (especially at first) to just fill in the blanks making -things pass, you should work thoughtfully, making sure you understand why the -answer is what it is. Enjoy your path to Clojure enlightenment! - - -### Trying more things out - -There's a REPL (Read-Evaluate-Print Loop) included in the Clojure Koans. Just -run: - -`script/repl` on Mac/\*nix - -`script\repl` on Windows - -If you're on lein 2, `lein repl` is what you want instead. - -Here are some interesting commands you might try, once you're in a running REPL: - -```clojure -(find-doc "vec") -(find-doc #"vec$") -(doc vec) -``` - -And if those still don't make sense: - -```clojure -(doc doc) -(doc find-doc) -``` - -will show you what those commands mean. - -You can exit the REPL with `CTRL-d` on any OS. - - -### Contributing - -Patches are encouraged! Make sure the answer sheet still passes -(`lein koan test`), and send a pull request. - -The file ideaboard.txt has lots of good ideas for new koans to start, or things -to add to existing koans. So write some fun exercises, add your answers to -`resources/koans.clj`, and we'll get them in there! - -Please follow the guidelines in -http://tbaggery.com/2008/04/19/a-note-about-git-commit-messages.html for -commmit messages, and put your code in a feature branch (not master) before -making the pull request. This makes patches easier to review. - -Feel free to contact me (Colin Jones / trptcolin) on Github or elsewhere if you -have any questions or want more direction before you start pitching in. - - -### Contributors - -https://github.com/functional-koans/clojure-koans/contributors - - -### Credits - -These exercises were started by [Aaron Bedra](http://github.com/abedra) of -[Relevance, Inc.](http://github.com/relevance) in early 2010, as a learning -tool for newcomers to functional programming. Aaron's macro-fu makes these -koans extremely simple and fun to use, and to improve upon, and without -Relevance's initiative, this project would not exist. - -Using the [koans](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/koan) metaphor as a tool for -learning a programming language started with the -[Ruby Koans](http://rubykoans.com) by [EdgeCase](http://github.com/edgecase). - - -### License - -The use and distribution terms for this software are covered by the -Eclipse Public License 1.0 (http://opensource.org/licenses/eclipse-1.0.php) -which can be found in the file epl-v10.html at the root of this distribution. -By using this software in any fashion, you are agreeing to be bound by -the terms of this license. +There are comments in this repo that are marked with this convention: ```;; J - ```. These are simply notes and reminders that I have written to myself. diff --git a/epl-v10.html b/epl-v10.html deleted file mode 100644 index 4628213..0000000 --- a/epl-v10.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,261 +0,0 @@ - - - - -
- -Eclipse Public License - v 1.0
- -THE ACCOMPANYING PROGRAM IS PROVIDED UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS ECLIPSE -PUBLIC LICENSE ("AGREEMENT"). ANY USE, REPRODUCTION OR -DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROGRAM CONSTITUTES RECIPIENT'S ACCEPTANCE OF THIS -AGREEMENT.
- -1. DEFINITIONS
- -"Contribution" means:
- -a) in the case of the initial Contributor, the initial -code and documentation distributed under this Agreement, and
-b) in the case of each subsequent Contributor:
-i) changes to the Program, and
-ii) additions to the Program;
-where such changes and/or additions to the Program -originate from and are distributed by that particular Contributor. A -Contribution 'originates' from a Contributor if it was added to the -Program by such Contributor itself or anyone acting on such -Contributor's behalf. Contributions do not include additions to the -Program which: (i) are separate modules of software distributed in -conjunction with the Program under their own license agreement, and (ii) -are not derivative works of the Program.
- -"Contributor" means any person or entity that distributes -the Program.
- -"Licensed Patents" mean patent claims licensable by a -Contributor which are necessarily infringed by the use or sale of its -Contribution alone or when combined with the Program.
- -"Program" means the Contributions distributed in accordance -with this Agreement.
- -"Recipient" means anyone who receives the Program under -this Agreement, including all Contributors.
- -2. GRANT OF RIGHTS
- -a) Subject to the terms of this Agreement, each -Contributor hereby grants Recipient a non-exclusive, worldwide, -royalty-free copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works -of, publicly display, publicly perform, distribute and sublicense the -Contribution of such Contributor, if any, and such derivative works, in -source code and object code form.
- -b) Subject to the terms of this Agreement, each -Contributor hereby grants Recipient a non-exclusive, worldwide, -royalty-free patent license under Licensed Patents to make, use, sell, -offer to sell, import and otherwise transfer the Contribution of such -Contributor, if any, in source code and object code form. This patent -license shall apply to the combination of the Contribution and the -Program if, at the time the Contribution is added by the Contributor, -such addition of the Contribution causes such combination to be covered -by the Licensed Patents. The patent license shall not apply to any other -combinations which include the Contribution. No hardware per se is -licensed hereunder.
- -c) Recipient understands that although each Contributor -grants the licenses to its Contributions set forth herein, no assurances -are provided by any Contributor that the Program does not infringe the -patent or other intellectual property rights of any other entity. Each -Contributor disclaims any liability to Recipient for claims brought by -any other entity based on infringement of intellectual property rights -or otherwise. As a condition to exercising the rights and licenses -granted hereunder, each Recipient hereby assumes sole responsibility to -secure any other intellectual property rights needed, if any. For -example, if a third party patent license is required to allow Recipient -to distribute the Program, it is Recipient's responsibility to acquire -that license before distributing the Program.
- -d) Each Contributor represents that to its knowledge it -has sufficient copyright rights in its Contribution, if any, to grant -the copyright license set forth in this Agreement.
- -3. REQUIREMENTS
- -A Contributor may choose to distribute the Program in object code -form under its own license agreement, provided that:
- -a) it complies with the terms and conditions of this -Agreement; and
- -b) its license agreement:
- -i) effectively disclaims on behalf of all Contributors -all warranties and conditions, express and implied, including warranties -or conditions of title and non-infringement, and implied warranties or -conditions of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose;
- -ii) effectively excludes on behalf of all Contributors -all liability for damages, including direct, indirect, special, -incidental and consequential damages, such as lost profits;
- -iii) states that any provisions which differ from this -Agreement are offered by that Contributor alone and not by any other -party; and
- -iv) states that source code for the Program is available -from such Contributor, and informs licensees how to obtain it in a -reasonable manner on or through a medium customarily used for software -exchange.
- -When the Program is made available in source code form:
- -a) it must be made available under this Agreement; and
- -b) a copy of this Agreement must be included with each -copy of the Program.
- -Contributors may not remove or alter any copyright notices contained -within the Program.
- -Each Contributor must identify itself as the originator of its -Contribution, if any, in a manner that reasonably allows subsequent -Recipients to identify the originator of the Contribution.
- -4. COMMERCIAL DISTRIBUTION
- -Commercial distributors of software may accept certain -responsibilities with respect to end users, business partners and the -like. While this license is intended to facilitate the commercial use of -the Program, the Contributor who includes the Program in a commercial -product offering should do so in a manner which does not create -potential liability for other Contributors. Therefore, if a Contributor -includes the Program in a commercial product offering, such Contributor -("Commercial Contributor") hereby agrees to defend and -indemnify every other Contributor ("Indemnified Contributor") -against any losses, damages and costs (collectively "Losses") -arising from claims, lawsuits and other legal actions brought by a third -party against the Indemnified Contributor to the extent caused by the -acts or omissions of such Commercial Contributor in connection with its -distribution of the Program in a commercial product offering. The -obligations in this section do not apply to any claims or Losses -relating to any actual or alleged intellectual property infringement. In -order to qualify, an Indemnified Contributor must: a) promptly notify -the Commercial Contributor in writing of such claim, and b) allow the -Commercial Contributor to control, and cooperate with the Commercial -Contributor in, the defense and any related settlement negotiations. The -Indemnified Contributor may participate in any such claim at its own -expense.
- -For example, a Contributor might include the Program in a commercial -product offering, Product X. That Contributor is then a Commercial -Contributor. If that Commercial Contributor then makes performance -claims, or offers warranties related to Product X, those performance -claims and warranties are such Commercial Contributor's responsibility -alone. Under this section, the Commercial Contributor would have to -defend claims against the other Contributors related to those -performance claims and warranties, and if a court requires any other -Contributor to pay any damages as a result, the Commercial Contributor -must pay those damages.
- -5. NO WARRANTY
- -EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, THE PROGRAM IS -PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS -OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, -ANY WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY -OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Each Recipient is solely -responsible for determining the appropriateness of using and -distributing the Program and assumes all risks associated with its -exercise of rights under this Agreement , including but not limited to -the risks and costs of program errors, compliance with applicable laws, -damage to or loss of data, programs or equipment, and unavailability or -interruption of operations.
- -6. DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY
- -EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, NEITHER RECIPIENT -NOR ANY CONTRIBUTORS SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, -INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING -WITHOUT LIMITATION LOST PROFITS), HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF -LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING -NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OR -DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROGRAM OR THE EXERCISE OF ANY RIGHTS GRANTED -HEREUNDER, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
- -7. GENERAL
- -If any provision of this Agreement is invalid or unenforceable under -applicable law, it shall not affect the validity or enforceability of -the remainder of the terms of this Agreement, and without further action -by the parties hereto, such provision shall be reformed to the minimum -extent necessary to make such provision valid and enforceable.
- -If Recipient institutes patent litigation against any entity -(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the -Program itself (excluding combinations of the Program with other -software or hardware) infringes such Recipient's patent(s), then such -Recipient's rights granted under Section 2(b) shall terminate as of the -date such litigation is filed.
- -All Recipient's rights under this Agreement shall terminate if it -fails to comply with any of the material terms or conditions of this -Agreement and does not cure such failure in a reasonable period of time -after becoming aware of such noncompliance. If all Recipient's rights -under this Agreement terminate, Recipient agrees to cease use and -distribution of the Program as soon as reasonably practicable. However, -Recipient's obligations under this Agreement and any licenses granted by -Recipient relating to the Program shall continue and survive.
- -Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute copies of this -Agreement, but in order to avoid inconsistency the Agreement is -copyrighted and may only be modified in the following manner. The -Agreement Steward reserves the right to publish new versions (including -revisions) of this Agreement from time to time. No one other than the -Agreement Steward has the right to modify this Agreement. The Eclipse -Foundation is the initial Agreement Steward. The Eclipse Foundation may -assign the responsibility to serve as the Agreement Steward to a -suitable separate entity. Each new version of the Agreement will be -given a distinguishing version number. The Program (including -Contributions) may always be distributed subject to the version of the -Agreement under which it was received. In addition, after a new version -of the Agreement is published, Contributor may elect to distribute the -Program (including its Contributions) under the new version. Except as -expressly stated in Sections 2(a) and 2(b) above, Recipient receives no -rights or licenses to the intellectual property of any Contributor under -this Agreement, whether expressly, by implication, estoppel or -otherwise. All rights in the Program not expressly granted under this -Agreement are reserved.
- -This Agreement is governed by the laws of the State of New York and -the intellectual property laws of the United States of America. No party -to this Agreement will bring a legal action under this Agreement more -than one year after the cause of action arose. Each party waives its -rights to a jury trial in any resulting litigation.
- - - - diff --git a/ideaboard.txt b/ideaboard.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 8166a99..0000000 --- a/ideaboard.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -Concepts / Language Features -===== - -Quoting - -new record syntax -Agents -Vars -state identity lifetime -immutability / side effects -type hints -Pre and Post conditions of functions -ex-info/ex-data -reducers (?) -transducers (?) - maybe just some basic ones, nothing too crazy - -Particular Functions -===== -fnil - creating_a_function -juxt - creating_a_function -constantly - creating_a_function -flatten - -frequencies -reductions -keep -keep-indexed -map-indexed -partition-all -partition-by -repeatedly diff --git a/project.clj b/project.clj deleted file mode 100644 index 3edd040..0000000 --- a/project.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -(defproject clojure-koans "0.5.1-SNAPSHOT" - :description "The Clojure koans." - :dependencies [[org.clojure/clojure "1.8.0"] - [koan-engine "0.2.3"]] - :dev-dependencies [[lein-koan "0.1.3"]] - :profiles {:dev {:dependencies [[lein-koan "0.1.3"]]}} - :repl-options {:init-ns koan-engine.runner - :init (do (use '[koan-engine.core]))} - :plugins [[lein-koan "0.1.3"]] - :main koan-engine.runner/exec) diff --git a/resources/koans.clj b/resources/koans.clj deleted file mode 100644 index 1ae5b97..0000000 --- a/resources/koans.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,256 +0,0 @@ -[["01_equalities" {"__" [true - 2 - 5 - true - false - true - true - false - "hello" - "hello" - 3]}] - - ["02_strings" {"__" ["hello" - "world" - "Cool " - "right?" - 0 - 11 - false - 6 11 - "123" - ", " - "1" "2" "3" - "olleh" - "hello" - 13 - nil - "hello world" - true - false - false - "a" - true - true - false]}] - - ["03_lists" {"__" [1 2 3 4 5 - 1 - [2 3 4 5] - 3 - 0 - () - [:a :b :c :d :e] - [:e :a :b :c :d] - :a - [:b :c :d :e] - "No dice!" - ()]}] - - ["04_vectors" {"__" [1 - [1] - [nil nil] - 2 - [111 222 333] - :peanut - :jelly - :jelly - [:butter :and] - 3]}] - - ["05_sets" {"__" [[3] - 3 - #{1 2 3 4 5} - #{1 2 3 4 5} - #{2 3} - #{1 4}]}] - - ["06_maps" {"__" [:b 2 - 1 - 2 - 2 - 1 - 1 - "Sochi" - nil - :key-not-found - true - false - "February" - 1 "January" - 2010 2014 2018 - "PyeongChang" "Sochi" "Vancouver"]}] - - ["07_functions" {"__" [81 - 20 - 10 - 60 - 15 - 30] - "___" [+ - * - (fn [f] (f 5)) - (fn [f] (f 5))]}] - - ["08_conditionals" {"__" [:a - [] - nil - :glory - 4 6 :your-road - 1 - :bicycling - "is that even exercise?"]}] - - ["09_higher_order_functions" {"__" [4 8 12 - (* x x) - [false false true false false] - () - [:anything :goes :here] - (< x 31) - (* 10 x) (< x 4) - 24 - 100 - (count a) (count b)]}] - - ["10_runtime_polymorphism" {"__" [(str (:name a) " eats veggies.") - (str (:name a) " eats animals.") - (str "I don't know what " (:name a) " eats.") - "Hello World!" - "Hello, you silly world." - "Hello to this group: Peter, Paul, Mary!" ]}] - - ["11_lazy_sequences" {"__" [[1 2 3 4] - [0 1 2 3 4] - 10 - 95 - (range 20) - :a] - "___" [(fn [x] x)]}] - - ["12_sequence_comprehensions" {"__" [[0 1 2 3 4 5] - (* x x) - (range 10) - (odd? x) (* x x) - [row column] - ]}] - - ["13_creating_functions" {"__" [true false true - 4 - :a :b :c :d - :c :d - 4 - 8] - "___" [(complement nil?) - multiply-by-5 - (comp dec square)]}] - - ["14_recursion" {"__" [true - acc - (loop [coll coll - acc ()] - (if (seq coll) - (recur (rest coll) (conj acc (first coll))) - acc)) - (loop [n n - acc 1] - (if (zero? n) - acc - (recur (dec n) (* acc n))))] - "___" [not]}] - - ["15_destructuring" {"__" [":bar:foo" - (format (str "An Oxford comma list of %s, " - "%s, " - "and %s.") - a b c) - (apply str - (interpose " " - (apply list - first-name - last-name - (interleave (repeat "aka") aliases)))) - {:original-parts full-name - :named-parts {:first first-name :last last-name}} - (str street-address ", " city ", " state) - city state - (str street-address ", " city ", " state)] - "___" [(fn [[fname lname] - {:keys [street-address city state]}] - (str fname " " lname ", " - street-address ", " city ", " state)) - ]}] - - ["16_refs" {"__" ["hello" - "hello" - "better" - "better!!!" - (dosync (ref-set the-world 0)) - (map :jerry [@the-world @bizarro-world]) - ] - "___" [(fn [x] (+ 20 x))]}] - - ["17_atoms" {"__" [0 - 1 - (swap! atomic-clock (partial + 4)) - 20 - 20 - atomic-clock 20 :fin - ]}] - - ["18_macros" {"__" [~(first form) - ~(nth form 2) - form - (drop 2 form) - "Hello, Macros!" - 10 - '(+ 9 1) - '(* 10 2) - '(+ 10 (2 * 3))]}] - - ["19_datatypes" {"__" [(print - (str "You're really the " - (.category this) - ", " recipient "... sorry.")) - "peace" - "literature" - "physics" - nil - [true false] - (str "Congratulations on your Best Picture Oscar, " - "Evil Alien Conquerors!")]}] - - ["20_java_interop" {"__" [java.lang.String - "SELECT * FROM" - 10 - 1024 - ] - "___" [#(.toUpperCase %) - ] - }] - ["21_partition" {"__" [partition - [:a :b :c] - '((0 1 2) (3 4)) - 5 - :hello - (6 :these :are) - ]}] - ["22_group_by" {"__" [odd? - {5 ["hello" "world"] 3 ["foo" "bar"]} - {1 [{:name "Bob" :id 1} - {:last-name "Smith" :id 1}] - 2 [{:name "Jennifer" :id 2}]} - nil - {:naughty-list [{:name "Jimmy" :bad true} - {:name "Joe" :bad true}] - :nice-list [{:name "Jane" :bad false}]}]}] - ["23_meta" {"__" [{:league "National League"} - {:division "West"} - "This doesn't implement the IObj interface" - {:foo :bar} - nil - \C - inc - :park "AT&T Park" - 'Giants - "Giants"]}] -] diff --git a/script/deploy.sh b/script/deploy.sh deleted file mode 100755 index 4ae84fc..0000000 --- a/script/deploy.sh +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -#!/bin/sh - -mkdir -p releases -lein1 deps -zip -r releases/clojure-koans-`date +"%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M"`.zip \ - . \ - -x "./.idea/*" \ - -x "./.lein-plugins/*" \ - -x "./.git/*" \ - -x "releases/*" - -echo -echo "Don't forget to upload the zipfile (somewhere...)" -echo `ls -t releases/clojure-koans-*.zip | head -n1` -echo "git push" -echo "git push --tags" -echo - diff --git a/script/repl b/script/repl deleted file mode 100755 index adeec3b..0000000 --- a/script/repl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -#!/bin/sh -CLASSPATH=src - -for f in lib/*.jar lib/dev/*.jar resources/; do - CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$f -done - -if [ "$OSTYPE" = "cygwin" ]; then - CLASSPATH=`cygpath -wp $CLASSPATH` -fi - -java -Xmx1G -cp $CLASSPATH jline.ConsoleRunner clojure.main diff --git a/script/repl.bat b/script/repl.bat deleted file mode 100755 index cf3048c..0000000 --- a/script/repl.bat +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -@echo off -setLocal EnableDelayedExpansion - -set CLASSPATH=" -for %%j in (".\lib\*.jar") do ( - set CLASSPATH=!CLASSPATH!;%%~fj -) -set CLASSPATH=!CLASSPATH!" -set CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;src;resources - -set JLINE=jline.ConsoleRunner - -java -Xmx1G -cp %CLASSPATH% %JLINE% clojure.main - diff --git a/script/run b/script/run deleted file mode 100755 index 2e54d34..0000000 --- a/script/run +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -#!/bin/sh -CLASSPATH=src - -for f in lib/*.jar lib/dev/*.jar resources/; do - CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$f -done - -if [ "$OSTYPE" = "cygwin" ]; then - CLASSPATH=`cygpath -wp $CLASSPATH` -fi - -java -cp "$CLASSPATH" clojure.main script/run.clj -echo diff --git a/script/run.bat b/script/run.bat deleted file mode 100755 index 19b315d..0000000 --- a/script/run.bat +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -@echo off -setLocal EnableDelayedExpansion - -set CLASSPATH=" -for %%j in (".\lib\*.jar", ".\lib\dev\*.jar") do ( - set CLASSPATH=!CLASSPATH!;%%~fj -) -set CLASSPATH=!CLASSPATH!" -set CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;src;resources - -java -Xmx1G -cp %CLASSPATH% clojure.main script\run.clj - diff --git a/script/run.clj b/script/run.clj deleted file mode 100644 index 5855b8e..0000000 --- a/script/run.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -(require 'koan-engine.runner) -(koan-engine.runner/exec "run") diff --git a/script/test b/script/test deleted file mode 100755 index a91fb24..0000000 --- a/script/test +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -#!/bin/sh -CLASSPATH=src - - -for f in lib/*.jar lib/dev/*.jar resources/; do - CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$f -done - -if [ "$OSTYPE" = "cygwin" ]; then - CLASSPATH=`cygpath -wp $CLASSPATH` -fi - -java -cp "$CLASSPATH" clojure.main script/test.clj -echo diff --git a/script/test.bat b/script/test.bat deleted file mode 100755 index eb27cc4..0000000 --- a/script/test.bat +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -@echo off -setLocal EnableDelayedExpansion - -set CLASSPATH=" -for %%j in (".\lib\*.jar", ".\lib\dev\*.jar") do ( - set CLASSPATH=!CLASSPATH!;%%~fj -) -set CLASSPATH=!CLASSPATH!" -set CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;src;resources - -java -Xmx1G -cp %CLASSPATH% clojure.main script\test.clj diff --git a/script/test.clj b/script/test.clj deleted file mode 100644 index ffac31b..0000000 --- a/script/test.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -(require 'koan-engine.runner) -(koan-engine.runner/exec "test") diff --git a/src/koans/01_equalities.clj b/src/koans/01_equalities.clj deleted file mode 100644 index 8f76176..0000000 --- a/src/koans/01_equalities.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -(ns koans.01-equalities - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) - -(meditations - "We shall contemplate truth by testing reality, via equality" - (= __ true) - - "To understand reality, we must compare our expectations against reality" - (= __ (+ 1 1)) - - "You can test equality of many things" - (= (+ 3 4) 7 (+ 2 __)) - - "Some things may appear different, but be the same" - (= __ (= 2 2/1)) - - "You cannot generally float to heavens of integers" - (= __ (= 2 2.0)) - - "But a looser equality is also possible" - (= __ (== 2.0 2)) - - "Something is not equal to nothing" - (= __ (not (= 1 nil))) - - "Strings, and keywords, and symbols: oh my!" - (= __ (= "hello" :hello 'hello)) - - "Make a keyword with your keyboard" - (= :hello (keyword __)) - - "Symbolism is all around us" - (= 'hello (symbol __)) - - "When things cannot be equal, they must be different" - (not= :fill-in-the-blank __)) diff --git a/src/koans/02_strings.clj b/src/koans/02_strings.clj deleted file mode 100644 index af4e555..0000000 --- a/src/koans/02_strings.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,70 +0,0 @@ -(ns koans.02-strings - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all] - [clojure.string :as string])) - -(meditations - "A string is nothing more than text surrounded by double quotes" - (= __ "hello") - - "But double quotes are just magic on top of something deeper" - (= __ (str 'world)) - - "You can do more than create strings, you can put them together" - (= "Cool right?" (str __ __)) - - "You can even get certain characters" - (= \C (get "Characters" __)) - - "Or even count the characters" - (= __ (count "Hello World")) - - "But strings and characters are not the same" - (= __ (= \c "c")) - - "What if you only wanted to get part of a string?" - (= "World" (subs "Hello World" __ __)) - - "How about joining together elements in a list?" - (= __ (string/join '(1 2 3))) - - "What if you wanted to separate them out?" - (= "1, 2, 3" (string/join __ '(1 2 3))) - - "Maybe you want to separate out all your lines" - (= [__ __ __] (string/split-lines "1\n2\n3")) - - "You may want to make sure your words are backwards" - (= __ (string/reverse "hello")) - - "Maybe you want to find the index of the first occurence of a substring" - (= 0 (string/index-of "hello world" __)) - - "Or maybe the last index of the same" - (= __ (string/last-index-of "hello world, hello" "hello")) - - "But when something doesn't exist, nothing is found" - (= __ (string/index-of "hello world" "bob")) - - "Sometimes you don't want whitespace cluttering the front and back" - (= __ (string/trim " \nhello world \t \n")) - - "You can check if something is a char" - (= __ (char? \c)) - - "But it may not be" - (= __ (char? "a")) - - "But chars aren't strings" - (= __ (string? \b)) - - "Strings are strings" - (= true (string? __)) - - "Some strings may be blank" - (= __ (string/blank? "")) - - "Even if at first glance they aren't" - (= __ (string/blank? " \n \t ")) - - "However, most strings aren't blank" - (= __ (string/blank? "hello?\nare you out there?"))) diff --git a/src/koans/03_lists.clj b/src/koans/03_lists.clj deleted file mode 100644 index dbdf6f5..0000000 --- a/src/koans/03_lists.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,45 +0,0 @@ -(ns koans.03-lists - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) - -(meditations - "Lists can be expressed by function or a quoted form" - (= '(__ __ __ __ __) (list 1 2 3 4 5)) - - "They are Clojure seqs (sequences), so they allow access to the first" - (= __ (first '(1 2 3 4 5))) - - "As well as the rest" - (= __ (rest '(1 2 3 4 5))) - - "Count your blessings" - (= __ (count '(dracula dooku chocula))) - - "Before they are gone" - (= __ (count '())) - - "The rest, when nothing is left, is empty" - (= __ (rest '(100))) - - "Construction by adding an element to the front is easy" - (= __ (cons :a '(:b :c :d :e))) - - "Conjoining an element to a list isn't hard either" - (= __ (conj '(:a :b :c :d) :e)) - - "You can use a list like a stack to get the first element" - (= __ (peek '(:a :b :c :d :e))) - - "Or the others" - (= __ (pop '(:a :b :c :d :e))) - - "But watch out if you try to pop nothing" - (= __ (try - (pop '()) - (catch IllegalStateException e - "No dice!"))) - - "The rest of nothing isn't so strict" - (= __ (try - (rest '()) - (catch IllegalStateException e - "No dice!")))) diff --git a/src/koans/04_vectors.clj b/src/koans/04_vectors.clj deleted file mode 100644 index 71970f6..0000000 --- a/src/koans/04_vectors.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,33 +0,0 @@ -(ns koans.04-vectors - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) - -(meditations - "You can use vectors in clojure as array-like structures" - (= __ (count [42])) - - "You can create a vector from a list" - (= __ (vec '(1))) - - "Or from some elements" - (= __ (vector nil nil)) - - "But you can populate it with any number of elements at once" - (= [1 __] (vec '(1 2))) - - "Conjoining to a vector is different than to a list" - (= __ (conj [111 222] 333)) - - "You can get the first element of a vector like so" - (= __ (first [:peanut :butter :and :jelly])) - - "And the last in a similar fashion" - (= __ (last [:peanut :butter :and :jelly])) - - "Or any index if you wish" - (= __ (nth [:peanut :butter :and :jelly] 3)) - - "You can also slice a vector" - (= __ (subvec [:peanut :butter :and :jelly] 1 3)) - - "Equality with collections is in terms of values" - (= (list 1 2 3) (vector 1 2 __))) diff --git a/src/koans/05_sets.clj b/src/koans/05_sets.clj deleted file mode 100644 index a6e631f..0000000 --- a/src/koans/05_sets.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ -(ns koans.05-sets - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all] - [clojure.set :as set])) - -(meditations - "You can create a set by converting another collection" - (= #{3} (set __)) - - "Counting them is like counting other collections" - (= __ (count #{1 2 3})) - - "Remember that a set is a *mathematical* set" - (= __ (set '(1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5))) - - "You can ask clojure for the union of two sets" - (= __ (set/union #{1 2 3 4} #{2 3 5})) - - "And also the intersection" - (= __ (set/intersection #{1 2 3 4} #{2 3 5})) - - "But don't forget about the difference" - (= __ (set/difference #{1 2 3 4 5} #{2 3 5}))) diff --git a/src/koans/06_maps.clj b/src/koans/06_maps.clj deleted file mode 100644 index 3466864..0000000 --- a/src/koans/06_maps.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,50 +0,0 @@ -(ns koans.06-maps - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) - -(meditations - "Don't get lost when creating a map" - (= {:a 1 :b 2} (hash-map :a 1 __ __)) - - "A value must be supplied for each key" - (= {:a 1} (hash-map :a __)) - - "The size is the number of entries" - (= __ (count {:a 1 :b 2})) - - "You can look up the value for a given key" - (= __ (get {:a 1 :b 2} :b)) - - "Maps can be used as functions to do lookups" - (= __ ({:a 1 :b 2} :a)) - - "And so can keywords" - (= __ (:a {:a 1 :b 2})) - - "But map keys need not be keywords" - (= __ ({2010 "Vancouver" 2014 "Sochi" 2018 "PyeongChang"} 2014)) - - "You may not be able to find an entry for a key" - (= __ (get {:a 1 :b 2} :c)) - - "But you can provide your own default" - (= __ (get {:a 1 :b 2} :c :key-not-found)) - - "You can find out if a key is present" - (= __ (contains? {:a nil :b nil} :b)) - - "Or if it is missing" - (= __ (contains? {:a nil :b nil} :c)) - - "Maps are immutable, but you can create a new and improved version" - (= {1 "January" 2 __} (assoc {1 "January"} 2 "February")) - - "You can also create a new version with an entry removed" - (= {__ __} (dissoc {1 "January" 2 "February"} 2)) - - "Often you will need to get the keys, but the order is undependable" - (= (list __ __ __) - (sort (keys { 2014 "Sochi" 2018 "PyeongChang" 2010 "Vancouver"}))) - - "You can get the values in a similar way" - (= (list __ __ __) - (sort (vals {2010 "Vancouver" 2014 "Sochi" 2018 "PyeongChang"})))) diff --git a/src/koans/07_functions.clj b/src/koans/07_functions.clj deleted file mode 100644 index 4bf40a0..0000000 --- a/src/koans/07_functions.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,40 +0,0 @@ -(ns koans.07-functions - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) - -(defn multiply-by-ten [n] - (* 10 n)) - -(defn square [n] (* n n)) - -(meditations - "Calling a function is like giving it a hug with parentheses" - (= __ (square 9)) - - "Functions are usually defined before they are used" - (= __ (multiply-by-ten 2)) - - "But they can also be defined inline" - (= __ ((fn [n] (* 5 n)) 2)) - - "Or using an even shorter syntax" - (= __ (#(* 15 %) 4)) - - "Even anonymous functions may take multiple arguments" - (= __ (#(+ %1 %2 %3) 4 5 6)) - - "Arguments can also be skipped" - (= __ (#(* 15 %2) 1 2)) - - "One function can beget another" - (= 9 (((fn [] ___)) 4 5)) - - "Functions can also take other functions as input" - (= 20 ((fn [f] (f 4 5)) - ___)) - - "Higher-order functions take function arguments" - (= 25 (___ - (fn [n] (* n n)))) - - "But they are often better written using the names of functions" - (= 25 (___ square))) diff --git a/src/koans/08_conditionals.clj b/src/koans/08_conditionals.clj deleted file mode 100644 index 87b9fdf..0000000 --- a/src/koans/08_conditionals.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,47 +0,0 @@ -(ns koans.08-conditionals - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) - -(defn explain-exercise-velocity [exercise-term] - (case exercise-term - :bicycling "pretty fast" - :jogging "not super fast" - :walking "not fast at all" - "is that even exercise?")) - -(meditations - "You will face many decisions" - (= __ (if (false? (= 4 5)) - :a - :b)) - - "Some of them leave you no alternative" - (= __ (if (> 4 3) - [])) - - "And in such a situation you may have nothing" - (= __ (if (nil? 0) - [:a :b :c])) - - "In others your alternative may be interesting" - (= :glory (if (not (empty? ())) - :doom - __)) - - "You may have a multitude of possible paths" - (let [x 5] - (= :your-road (cond (= x __) :road-not-taken - (= x __) :another-road-not-taken - :else __))) - - "Or your fate may be sealed" - (= 'doom (if-not (zero? __) - 'doom - 'more-doom)) - - "In case of emergency, go fast" - (= "pretty fast" - (explain-exercise-velocity __)) - - "But admit it when you don't know what to do" - (= __ - (explain-exercise-velocity :watching-tv))) diff --git a/src/koans/09_higher_order_functions.clj b/src/koans/09_higher_order_functions.clj deleted file mode 100644 index 8b7fd3c..0000000 --- a/src/koans/09_higher_order_functions.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,35 +0,0 @@ -(ns koans.09-higher-order-functions - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) - -(meditations - "The map function relates a sequence to another" - (= [__ __ __] (map (fn [x] (* 4 x)) [1 2 3])) - - "You may create that mapping" - (= [1 4 9 16 25] (map (fn [x] __) [1 2 3 4 5])) - - "Or use the names of existing functions" - (= __ (map nil? [:a :b nil :c :d])) - - "A filter can be strong" - (= __ (filter (fn [x] false) '(:anything :goes :here))) - - "Or very weak" - (= __ (filter (fn [x] true) '(:anything :goes :here))) - - "Or somewhere in between" - (= [10 20 30] (filter (fn [x] __) [10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80])) - - "Maps and filters may be combined" - (= [10 20 30] (map (fn [x] __) (filter (fn [x] __) [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8]))) - - "Reducing can increase the result" - (= __ (reduce (fn [a b] (* a b)) [1 2 3 4])) - - "You can start somewhere else" - (= 2400 (reduce (fn [a b] (* a b)) __ [1 2 3 4])) - - "Numbers are not the only things one can reduce" - (= "longest" (reduce (fn [a b] - (if (< __ __) b a)) - ["which" "word" "is" "longest"]))) diff --git a/src/koans/10_runtime_polymorphism.clj b/src/koans/10_runtime_polymorphism.clj deleted file mode 100644 index 8be1c6a..0000000 --- a/src/koans/10_runtime_polymorphism.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,42 +0,0 @@ -(ns koans.10-runtime-polymorphism - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) - -(defn hello - ([] "Hello World!") - ([a] (str "Hello, you silly " a ".")) - ([a & more] (str "Hello to this group: " - (apply str - (interpose ", " (cons a more))) - "!"))) - -(defmulti diet (fn [x] (:eater x))) -(defmethod diet :herbivore [a] __) -(defmethod diet :carnivore [a] __) -(defmethod diet :default [a] __) - -(meditations - "Some functions can be used in different ways - with no arguments" - (= __ (hello)) - - "With one argument" - (= __ (hello "world")) - - "Or with many arguments" - (= __ - (hello "Peter" "Paul" "Mary")) - - "Multimethods allow more complex dispatching" - (= "Bambi eats veggies." - (diet {:species "deer" :name "Bambi" :age 1 :eater :herbivore})) - - "Animals have different names" - (= "Thumper eats veggies." - (diet {:species "rabbit" :name "Thumper" :age 1 :eater :herbivore})) - - "Different methods are used depending on the dispatch function result" - (= "Simba eats animals." - (diet {:species "lion" :name "Simba" :age 1 :eater :carnivore})) - - "You may use a default method when no others match" - (= "I don't know what Rich Hickey eats." - (diet {:name "Rich Hickey"}))) diff --git a/src/koans/11_lazy_sequences.clj b/src/koans/11_lazy_sequences.clj deleted file mode 100644 index 1023785..0000000 --- a/src/koans/11_lazy_sequences.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,28 +0,0 @@ -(ns koans.11-lazy-sequences - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) - -(meditations - "There are many ways to generate a sequence" - (= __ (range 1 5)) - - "The range starts at the beginning by default" - (= __ (range 5)) - - "Only take what you need when the sequence is large" - (= [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9] - (take __ (range 100))) - - "Or limit results by dropping what you don't need" - (= [95 96 97 98 99] - (drop __ (range 100))) - - "Iteration provides an infinite lazy sequence" - (= __ (take 20 (iterate inc 0))) - - "Repetition is key" - (= [:a :a :a :a :a :a :a :a :a :a] - (repeat 10 __)) - - "Iteration can be used for repetition" - (= (repeat 100 :hello) - (take 100 (iterate ___ :hello)))) diff --git a/src/koans/14_recursion.clj b/src/koans/14_recursion.clj deleted file mode 100644 index 4c39666..0000000 --- a/src/koans/14_recursion.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,54 +0,0 @@ -(ns koans.14-recursion - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) - -(defn is-even? [n] - (if (= n 0) - __ - (___ (is-even? (dec n))))) - -(defn is-even-bigint? [n] - (loop [n n - acc true] - (if (= n 0) - __ - (recur (dec n) (not acc))))) - -(defn recursive-reverse [coll] - __) - -(defn factorial [n] - __) - -(meditations - "Recursion ends with a base case" - (= true (is-even? 0)) - - "And starts by moving toward that base case" - (= false (is-even? 1)) - - "Having too many stack frames requires explicit tail calls with recur" - (= false (is-even-bigint? 100003N)) - - "Reversing directions is easy when you have not gone far" - (= '(1) (recursive-reverse [1])) - - "Yet it becomes more difficult the more steps you take" - (= '(5 4 3 2 1) (recursive-reverse [1 2 3 4 5])) - - "Simple things may appear simple." - (= 1 (factorial 1)) - - "They may require other simple steps." - (= 2 (factorial 2)) - - "Sometimes a slightly bigger step is necessary" - (= 6 (factorial 3)) - - "And eventually you must think harder" - (= 24 (factorial 4)) - - "You can even deal with very large numbers" - (< 1000000000000000000000000N (factorial 1000N)) - - "But what happens when the machine limits you?" - (< 1000000000000000000000000N (factorial 100003N))) diff --git a/src/koans/17_atoms.clj b/src/koans/17_atoms.clj deleted file mode 100644 index 17d92dd..0000000 --- a/src/koans/17_atoms.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,33 +0,0 @@ -(ns koans.17-atoms - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) - -(def atomic-clock (atom 0)) - -(meditations - "Atoms are like refs" - (= __ @atomic-clock) - - "You can change at the swap meet" - (= __ (do - (swap! atomic-clock inc) - @atomic-clock)) - - "Keep taxes out of this: swapping requires no transaction" - (= 5 (do - __ - @atomic-clock)) - - "Any number of arguments might happen during a swap" - (= __ (do - (swap! atomic-clock + 1 2 3 4 5) - @atomic-clock)) - - "Atomic atoms are atomic" - (= __ (do - (compare-and-set! atomic-clock 100 :fin) - @atomic-clock)) - - "When your expectations are aligned with reality, things proceed that way" - (= :fin (do - (compare-and-set! __ __ __) - @atomic-clock))) diff --git a/src/koans/19_datatypes.clj b/src/koans/19_datatypes.clj deleted file mode 100644 index d6eb31f..0000000 --- a/src/koans/19_datatypes.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,47 +0,0 @@ -(ns koans.19-datatypes - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) - -(defrecord Nobel [prize]) -(deftype Pulitzer [prize]) - -(defprotocol Award - (present [this recipient])) - -(defrecord Oscar [category] - Award - (present [this recipient] - (print (str "Congratulations on your " - (:category this) " Oscar, " - recipient - "!")))) - -(deftype Razzie [category] - Award - (present [this recipient] - __)) - -(meditations - "Holding records is meaningful only when the record is worthy of you" - (= __ (.prize (Nobel. "peace"))) - - "Types are quite similar" - (= __ (.prize (Pulitzer. "literature"))) - - "Records may be treated like maps" - (= __ (:prize (Nobel. "physics"))) - - "While types may not" - (= __ (:prize (Pulitzer. "poetry"))) - - "Further study reveals why" - (= __ - (map map? [(Nobel. "chemistry") - (Pulitzer. "music")])) - - "Either sort of datatype can define methods in a protocol" - (= __ - (with-out-str (present (Oscar. "Best Picture") "Evil Alien Conquerors"))) - - "Surely we can implement our own by now" - (= "You're really the Worst Picture, Final Destination 5... sorry." - (with-out-str (present (Razzie. "Worst Picture") "Final Destination 5")))) diff --git a/src/koans/20_java_interop.clj b/src/koans/20_java_interop.clj deleted file mode 100644 index 8a7a6e2..0000000 --- a/src/koans/20_java_interop.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,19 +0,0 @@ -(ns koans.20-java-interop - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) - -(meditations - "You may have done more with Java than you know" - (= __ (class "warfare")) ; hint: try typing (javadoc "warfare") in the REPL - - "The dot signifies easy and direct Java interoperation" - (= __ (.toUpperCase "select * from")) - - "But instance method calls are very different from normal functions" - (= ["SELECT" "FROM" "WHERE"] (map ___ ["select" "from" "where"])) - - "Constructing might be harder than breaking" - (= 10 (let [latch (java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch. __)] - (.getCount latch))) - - "Static methods are slashing prices!" - (== __ (Math/pow 2 10))) diff --git a/src/koans/21_partition.clj b/src/koans/21_partition.clj deleted file mode 100644 index 821ef09..0000000 --- a/src/koans/21_partition.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,21 +0,0 @@ -(ns koans.21-partition - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) - -(meditations - "To split a collection you can use the partition function" - (= '((0 1) (2 3)) (__ 2 (range 4))) - - "But watch out if there are not enough elements to form n sequences" - (= '(__) (partition 3 [:a :b :c :d :e])) - - "You can use partition-all to include any leftovers too" - (= __ (partition-all 3 (range 5))) - - "If you need to, you can start each sequence with an offset" - (= '((0 1 2) (5 6 7) (10 11 12)) (partition 3 __ (range 13))) - - "Consider padding the last sequence with some default values..." - (= '((0 1 2) (3 4 5) (6 :hello)) (partition 3 3 [__] (range 7))) - - "... but notice that they will only pad up to the given sequence length" - (= '((0 1 2) (3 4 5) __) (partition 3 3 [:these :are "my" "words"] (range 7))))