From b2e0b6e179bdfbe1ed50b5da6408444d601485c5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: frizzbolt Date: Fri, 26 Feb 2016 20:16:30 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 1/9] Add solutions to section 01 - equalities --- 01_equalities.clj | 32 +++ src/koans/02_strings.clj => 02_strings.clj | 0 src/koans/03_lists.clj => 03_lists.clj | 0 src/koans/04_vectors.clj => 04_vectors.clj | 0 src/koans/05_sets.clj => 05_sets.clj | 0 src/koans/06_maps.clj => 06_maps.clj | 0 .../07_functions.clj => 07_functions.clj | 0 ...08_conditionals.clj => 08_conditionals.clj | 0 ...tions.clj => 09_higher_order_functions.clj | 0 ...orphism.clj => 10_runtime_polymorphism.clj | 0 ...azy_sequences.clj => 11_lazy_sequences.clj | 0 ...ions.clj => 12_sequence_comprehensions.clj | 0 ...functions.clj => 13_creating_functions.clj | 0 .../14_recursion.clj => 14_recursion.clj | 0 ..._destructuring.clj => 15_destructuring.clj | 0 src/koans/16_refs.clj => 16_refs.clj | 0 src/koans/17_atoms.clj => 17_atoms.clj | 0 src/koans/18_macros.clj => 18_macros.clj | 0 .../19_datatypes.clj => 19_datatypes.clj | 0 ...20_java_interop.clj => 20_java_interop.clj | 0 .../21_partition.clj => 21_partition.clj | 0 src/koans/22_group_by.clj => 22_group_by.clj | 0 src/koans/23_meta.clj => 23_meta.clj | 0 README.md | 159 ----------- epl-v10.html | 261 ------------------ ideaboard.txt | 31 --- project.clj | 10 - resources/koans.clj | 256 ----------------- script/deploy.sh | 18 -- script/repl | 12 - script/repl.bat | 14 - script/run | 13 - script/run.bat | 12 - script/run.clj | 2 - script/test | 14 - script/test.bat | 11 - script/test.clj | 2 - src/koans/01_equalities.clj | 36 --- 38 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 851 deletions(-) create mode 100644 01_equalities.clj rename src/koans/02_strings.clj => 02_strings.clj (100%) rename src/koans/03_lists.clj => 03_lists.clj (100%) rename src/koans/04_vectors.clj => 04_vectors.clj (100%) rename src/koans/05_sets.clj => 05_sets.clj (100%) rename src/koans/06_maps.clj => 06_maps.clj (100%) rename src/koans/07_functions.clj => 07_functions.clj (100%) rename src/koans/08_conditionals.clj => 08_conditionals.clj (100%) rename src/koans/09_higher_order_functions.clj => 09_higher_order_functions.clj (100%) rename src/koans/10_runtime_polymorphism.clj => 10_runtime_polymorphism.clj (100%) rename src/koans/11_lazy_sequences.clj => 11_lazy_sequences.clj (100%) rename src/koans/12_sequence_comprehensions.clj => 12_sequence_comprehensions.clj (100%) rename src/koans/13_creating_functions.clj => 13_creating_functions.clj (100%) rename src/koans/14_recursion.clj => 14_recursion.clj (100%) rename src/koans/15_destructuring.clj => 15_destructuring.clj (100%) rename src/koans/16_refs.clj => 16_refs.clj (100%) rename src/koans/17_atoms.clj => 17_atoms.clj (100%) rename src/koans/18_macros.clj => 18_macros.clj (100%) rename src/koans/19_datatypes.clj => 19_datatypes.clj (100%) rename src/koans/20_java_interop.clj => 20_java_interop.clj (100%) rename src/koans/21_partition.clj => 21_partition.clj (100%) rename src/koans/22_group_by.clj => 22_group_by.clj (100%) rename src/koans/23_meta.clj => 23_meta.clj (100%) delete mode 100644 README.md delete mode 100644 epl-v10.html delete mode 100644 ideaboard.txt delete mode 100644 project.clj delete mode 100644 resources/koans.clj delete mode 100755 script/deploy.sh delete mode 100755 script/repl delete mode 100755 script/repl.bat delete mode 100755 script/run delete mode 100755 script/run.bat delete mode 100644 script/run.clj delete mode 100755 script/test delete mode 100755 script/test.bat delete mode 100644 script/test.clj delete mode 100644 src/koans/01_equalities.clj diff --git a/01_equalities.clj b/01_equalities.clj new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ea4c07f --- /dev/null +++ b/01_equalities.clj @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ + ; "We shall contemplate truth by testing reality, via equality" + (= true true) + + ; "To understand reality, we must compare our expectations against reality" + (= 2 (+ 1 1)) + + ; "You can test equality of many things" + (= 5 (+ 3 4) 7 (+ 2 __)) + + ; "Some things may appear different, but be the same" + (= true (= 2 2/1)) + + ; "You cannot generally float to heavens of integers" + (= false (= 2 2.0)) + + ; "But a looser equality is also possible" + (= true (== 2.0 2)) + + ; "Something is not equal to nothing" + (= true (not (= 1 nil))) + + ; "Strings, and keywords, and symbols: oh my!" + (= false (= "hello" :hello 'hello)) + + ; "Make a keyword with your keyboard" + (= :hello (keyword "hello")) + + ; "Symbolism is all around us" + (= 'hello (symbol "hello")) + + ; "When things cannot be equal, they must be different" + (not= :fill-in-the-blank "anything here") diff --git a/src/koans/02_strings.clj b/02_strings.clj similarity index 100% rename from src/koans/02_strings.clj rename to 02_strings.clj diff --git a/src/koans/03_lists.clj b/03_lists.clj similarity index 100% rename from src/koans/03_lists.clj rename to 03_lists.clj diff --git a/src/koans/04_vectors.clj b/04_vectors.clj similarity index 100% rename from src/koans/04_vectors.clj rename to 04_vectors.clj diff --git a/src/koans/05_sets.clj b/05_sets.clj similarity index 100% rename from src/koans/05_sets.clj rename to 05_sets.clj diff --git a/src/koans/06_maps.clj b/06_maps.clj similarity index 100% rename from src/koans/06_maps.clj rename to 06_maps.clj diff --git a/src/koans/07_functions.clj b/07_functions.clj similarity index 100% rename from src/koans/07_functions.clj rename to 07_functions.clj diff --git a/src/koans/08_conditionals.clj b/08_conditionals.clj similarity index 100% rename from src/koans/08_conditionals.clj rename to 08_conditionals.clj diff --git a/src/koans/09_higher_order_functions.clj b/09_higher_order_functions.clj similarity index 100% rename from src/koans/09_higher_order_functions.clj rename to 09_higher_order_functions.clj diff --git a/src/koans/10_runtime_polymorphism.clj b/10_runtime_polymorphism.clj similarity index 100% rename from src/koans/10_runtime_polymorphism.clj rename to 10_runtime_polymorphism.clj diff --git a/src/koans/11_lazy_sequences.clj b/11_lazy_sequences.clj similarity index 100% rename from src/koans/11_lazy_sequences.clj rename to 11_lazy_sequences.clj diff --git a/src/koans/12_sequence_comprehensions.clj b/12_sequence_comprehensions.clj similarity index 100% rename from src/koans/12_sequence_comprehensions.clj rename to 12_sequence_comprehensions.clj diff --git a/src/koans/13_creating_functions.clj b/13_creating_functions.clj similarity index 100% rename from src/koans/13_creating_functions.clj rename to 13_creating_functions.clj diff --git a/src/koans/14_recursion.clj b/14_recursion.clj similarity index 100% rename from src/koans/14_recursion.clj rename to 14_recursion.clj diff --git a/src/koans/15_destructuring.clj b/15_destructuring.clj similarity index 100% rename from src/koans/15_destructuring.clj rename to 15_destructuring.clj diff --git a/src/koans/16_refs.clj b/16_refs.clj similarity index 100% rename from src/koans/16_refs.clj rename to 16_refs.clj diff --git a/src/koans/17_atoms.clj b/17_atoms.clj similarity index 100% rename from src/koans/17_atoms.clj rename to 17_atoms.clj diff --git a/src/koans/18_macros.clj b/18_macros.clj similarity index 100% rename from src/koans/18_macros.clj rename to 18_macros.clj diff --git a/src/koans/19_datatypes.clj b/19_datatypes.clj similarity index 100% rename from src/koans/19_datatypes.clj rename to 19_datatypes.clj diff --git a/src/koans/20_java_interop.clj b/20_java_interop.clj similarity index 100% rename from src/koans/20_java_interop.clj rename to 20_java_interop.clj diff --git a/src/koans/21_partition.clj b/21_partition.clj similarity index 100% rename from src/koans/21_partition.clj rename to 21_partition.clj diff --git a/src/koans/22_group_by.clj b/22_group_by.clj similarity index 100% rename from src/koans/22_group_by.clj rename to 22_group_by.clj diff --git a/src/koans/23_meta.clj b/23_meta.clj similarity index 100% rename from src/koans/23_meta.clj rename to 23_meta.clj diff --git a/README.md b/README.md deleted file mode 100644 index 3d0f37c..0000000 --- a/README.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,159 +0,0 @@ -# Clojure Koans - -The Clojure Koans are a fun and easy way to get started with Clojure - no -experience assumed or required. Just follow the instructions below to start -making tests pass! - - -### Getting Started - -The easiest and fastest way to get the koans up and running is to [download the -latest zip file from Github](https://github.com/functional-koans/clojure-koans/releases). -This way, you'll have all the dependencies you need, including Clojure itself -and JLine, and you can skip the rest of this section (skip to "Running the -Koans"). - -If you're starting from a cloned or forked repo, that's cool too. This way -you'll be able to track your progress in Git, and see how your answers compare -to others, by checking out the project's Network tab. You might want to create -your own branch - that way if you pull back the latest koans from master, it'll -be a bit easier to manage the inevitable conflicts if we make changes to -exercises you've already completed. - -The only things you'll need to run the Clojure Koans are: - -- JRE 1.6 or higher -- [clojure-1.8.0.jar](http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/clojure/clojure/1.8.0/clojure-1.8.0.zip) - -You can use [Leiningen](http://github.com/technomancy/leiningen) to -automatically install the Clojure jar in the right place. Leiningen will also -get you a couple more jarfiles, including JLine, which allows you some of the -functionality of readline (command-line history, for example). - -### Installing dependencies - -Dependencies are installed automatically with lein 2, but if for some reason -you're on lein 1 and can't upgrade, you'll need to run - -`lein deps` - -which will download all dependencies you need to run the Clojure koans. - -I strongly recommend that you upgrade to lein 2 instead! - -### Running the Koans - -If you're running from the zipfile, simply run - -`script/run` on Mac/\*nix - -`script\run` on Windows - -If you're running from a checkout using lein 2, run the koans via - -`lein koan run` - -It's an auto-runner, so as you save your files with the correct answers, it will -advance you to the next koan or file (conveniently, all files are prefixed with -the sequence that you should follow). - -You'll see something like this: - - Now meditate on /home/colin/Projects/clojure-koans/src/koans/01_equalities.clj:3 - --------------------- - Assertion failed! - We shall contemplate truth by testing reality, via equality. - (= __ true) - -The output is telling you that you have a failing test in the file named -`01_equalities.clj`, on line 3. So you just need to open that file up and make -it pass! You'll always be filling in the blanks to make tests pass. -Sometimes there could be several correct answers (or even an infinite number): -any of them will work in these cases. Some tests will pass even if you replace -the blanks with whitespace (or nothing) instead of the expected answer. Make sure -you give one correct expression to replace each blank. - -The koans differ from normal TDD in that the tests are already written for you, -so you'll have to pay close attention to the failure messages, because up until -the very end, making a test pass just means that the next failure message comes -up. - -While it might be easy (especially at first) to just fill in the blanks making -things pass, you should work thoughtfully, making sure you understand why the -answer is what it is. Enjoy your path to Clojure enlightenment! - - -### Trying more things out - -There's a REPL (Read-Evaluate-Print Loop) included in the Clojure Koans. Just -run: - -`script/repl` on Mac/\*nix - -`script\repl` on Windows - -If you're on lein 2, `lein repl` is what you want instead. - -Here are some interesting commands you might try, once you're in a running REPL: - -```clojure -(find-doc "vec") -(find-doc #"vec$") -(doc vec) -``` - -And if those still don't make sense: - -```clojure -(doc doc) -(doc find-doc) -``` - -will show you what those commands mean. - -You can exit the REPL with `CTRL-d` on any OS. - - -### Contributing - -Patches are encouraged! Make sure the answer sheet still passes -(`lein koan test`), and send a pull request. - -The file ideaboard.txt has lots of good ideas for new koans to start, or things -to add to existing koans. So write some fun exercises, add your answers to -`resources/koans.clj`, and we'll get them in there! - -Please follow the guidelines in -http://tbaggery.com/2008/04/19/a-note-about-git-commit-messages.html for -commmit messages, and put your code in a feature branch (not master) before -making the pull request. This makes patches easier to review. - -Feel free to contact me (Colin Jones / trptcolin) on Github or elsewhere if you -have any questions or want more direction before you start pitching in. - - -### Contributors - -https://github.com/functional-koans/clojure-koans/contributors - - -### Credits - -These exercises were started by [Aaron Bedra](http://github.com/abedra) of -[Relevance, Inc.](http://github.com/relevance) in early 2010, as a learning -tool for newcomers to functional programming. Aaron's macro-fu makes these -koans extremely simple and fun to use, and to improve upon, and without -Relevance's initiative, this project would not exist. - -Using the [koans](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/koan) metaphor as a tool for -learning a programming language started with the -[Ruby Koans](http://rubykoans.com) by [EdgeCase](http://github.com/edgecase). - - -### License - -The use and distribution terms for this software are covered by the -Eclipse Public License 1.0 (http://opensource.org/licenses/eclipse-1.0.php) -which can be found in the file epl-v10.html at the root of this distribution. -By using this software in any fashion, you are agreeing to be bound by -the terms of this license. diff --git a/epl-v10.html b/epl-v10.html deleted file mode 100644 index 4628213..0000000 --- a/epl-v10.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,261 +0,0 @@ - - - - - - -Eclipse Public License - Version 1.0 - - - - - - -

Eclipse Public License - v 1.0

- -

THE ACCOMPANYING PROGRAM IS PROVIDED UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS ECLIPSE -PUBLIC LICENSE ("AGREEMENT"). ANY USE, REPRODUCTION OR -DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROGRAM CONSTITUTES RECIPIENT'S ACCEPTANCE OF THIS -AGREEMENT.

- -

1. DEFINITIONS

- -

"Contribution" means:

- -

a) in the case of the initial Contributor, the initial -code and documentation distributed under this Agreement, and

-

b) in the case of each subsequent Contributor:

-

i) changes to the Program, and

-

ii) additions to the Program;

-

where such changes and/or additions to the Program -originate from and are distributed by that particular Contributor. A -Contribution 'originates' from a Contributor if it was added to the -Program by such Contributor itself or anyone acting on such -Contributor's behalf. Contributions do not include additions to the -Program which: (i) are separate modules of software distributed in -conjunction with the Program under their own license agreement, and (ii) -are not derivative works of the Program.

- -

"Contributor" means any person or entity that distributes -the Program.

- -

"Licensed Patents" mean patent claims licensable by a -Contributor which are necessarily infringed by the use or sale of its -Contribution alone or when combined with the Program.

- -

"Program" means the Contributions distributed in accordance -with this Agreement.

- -

"Recipient" means anyone who receives the Program under -this Agreement, including all Contributors.

- -

2. GRANT OF RIGHTS

- -

a) Subject to the terms of this Agreement, each -Contributor hereby grants Recipient a non-exclusive, worldwide, -royalty-free copyright license to reproduce, prepare derivative works -of, publicly display, publicly perform, distribute and sublicense the -Contribution of such Contributor, if any, and such derivative works, in -source code and object code form.

- -

b) Subject to the terms of this Agreement, each -Contributor hereby grants Recipient a non-exclusive, worldwide, -royalty-free patent license under Licensed Patents to make, use, sell, -offer to sell, import and otherwise transfer the Contribution of such -Contributor, if any, in source code and object code form. This patent -license shall apply to the combination of the Contribution and the -Program if, at the time the Contribution is added by the Contributor, -such addition of the Contribution causes such combination to be covered -by the Licensed Patents. The patent license shall not apply to any other -combinations which include the Contribution. No hardware per se is -licensed hereunder.

- -

c) Recipient understands that although each Contributor -grants the licenses to its Contributions set forth herein, no assurances -are provided by any Contributor that the Program does not infringe the -patent or other intellectual property rights of any other entity. Each -Contributor disclaims any liability to Recipient for claims brought by -any other entity based on infringement of intellectual property rights -or otherwise. As a condition to exercising the rights and licenses -granted hereunder, each Recipient hereby assumes sole responsibility to -secure any other intellectual property rights needed, if any. For -example, if a third party patent license is required to allow Recipient -to distribute the Program, it is Recipient's responsibility to acquire -that license before distributing the Program.

- -

d) Each Contributor represents that to its knowledge it -has sufficient copyright rights in its Contribution, if any, to grant -the copyright license set forth in this Agreement.

- -

3. REQUIREMENTS

- -

A Contributor may choose to distribute the Program in object code -form under its own license agreement, provided that:

- -

a) it complies with the terms and conditions of this -Agreement; and

- -

b) its license agreement:

- -

i) effectively disclaims on behalf of all Contributors -all warranties and conditions, express and implied, including warranties -or conditions of title and non-infringement, and implied warranties or -conditions of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose;

- -

ii) effectively excludes on behalf of all Contributors -all liability for damages, including direct, indirect, special, -incidental and consequential damages, such as lost profits;

- -

iii) states that any provisions which differ from this -Agreement are offered by that Contributor alone and not by any other -party; and

- -

iv) states that source code for the Program is available -from such Contributor, and informs licensees how to obtain it in a -reasonable manner on or through a medium customarily used for software -exchange.

- -

When the Program is made available in source code form:

- -

a) it must be made available under this Agreement; and

- -

b) a copy of this Agreement must be included with each -copy of the Program.

- -

Contributors may not remove or alter any copyright notices contained -within the Program.

- -

Each Contributor must identify itself as the originator of its -Contribution, if any, in a manner that reasonably allows subsequent -Recipients to identify the originator of the Contribution.

- -

4. COMMERCIAL DISTRIBUTION

- -

Commercial distributors of software may accept certain -responsibilities with respect to end users, business partners and the -like. While this license is intended to facilitate the commercial use of -the Program, the Contributor who includes the Program in a commercial -product offering should do so in a manner which does not create -potential liability for other Contributors. Therefore, if a Contributor -includes the Program in a commercial product offering, such Contributor -("Commercial Contributor") hereby agrees to defend and -indemnify every other Contributor ("Indemnified Contributor") -against any losses, damages and costs (collectively "Losses") -arising from claims, lawsuits and other legal actions brought by a third -party against the Indemnified Contributor to the extent caused by the -acts or omissions of such Commercial Contributor in connection with its -distribution of the Program in a commercial product offering. The -obligations in this section do not apply to any claims or Losses -relating to any actual or alleged intellectual property infringement. In -order to qualify, an Indemnified Contributor must: a) promptly notify -the Commercial Contributor in writing of such claim, and b) allow the -Commercial Contributor to control, and cooperate with the Commercial -Contributor in, the defense and any related settlement negotiations. The -Indemnified Contributor may participate in any such claim at its own -expense.

- -

For example, a Contributor might include the Program in a commercial -product offering, Product X. That Contributor is then a Commercial -Contributor. If that Commercial Contributor then makes performance -claims, or offers warranties related to Product X, those performance -claims and warranties are such Commercial Contributor's responsibility -alone. Under this section, the Commercial Contributor would have to -defend claims against the other Contributors related to those -performance claims and warranties, and if a court requires any other -Contributor to pay any damages as a result, the Commercial Contributor -must pay those damages.

- -

5. NO WARRANTY

- -

EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, THE PROGRAM IS -PROVIDED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS -OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, -ANY WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY -OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Each Recipient is solely -responsible for determining the appropriateness of using and -distributing the Program and assumes all risks associated with its -exercise of rights under this Agreement , including but not limited to -the risks and costs of program errors, compliance with applicable laws, -damage to or loss of data, programs or equipment, and unavailability or -interruption of operations.

- -

6. DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY

- -

EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT, NEITHER RECIPIENT -NOR ANY CONTRIBUTORS SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, -INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING -WITHOUT LIMITATION LOST PROFITS), HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF -LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING -NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OR -DISTRIBUTION OF THE PROGRAM OR THE EXERCISE OF ANY RIGHTS GRANTED -HEREUNDER, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

- -

7. GENERAL

- -

If any provision of this Agreement is invalid or unenforceable under -applicable law, it shall not affect the validity or enforceability of -the remainder of the terms of this Agreement, and without further action -by the parties hereto, such provision shall be reformed to the minimum -extent necessary to make such provision valid and enforceable.

- -

If Recipient institutes patent litigation against any entity -(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the -Program itself (excluding combinations of the Program with other -software or hardware) infringes such Recipient's patent(s), then such -Recipient's rights granted under Section 2(b) shall terminate as of the -date such litigation is filed.

- -

All Recipient's rights under this Agreement shall terminate if it -fails to comply with any of the material terms or conditions of this -Agreement and does not cure such failure in a reasonable period of time -after becoming aware of such noncompliance. If all Recipient's rights -under this Agreement terminate, Recipient agrees to cease use and -distribution of the Program as soon as reasonably practicable. However, -Recipient's obligations under this Agreement and any licenses granted by -Recipient relating to the Program shall continue and survive.

- -

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute copies of this -Agreement, but in order to avoid inconsistency the Agreement is -copyrighted and may only be modified in the following manner. The -Agreement Steward reserves the right to publish new versions (including -revisions) of this Agreement from time to time. No one other than the -Agreement Steward has the right to modify this Agreement. The Eclipse -Foundation is the initial Agreement Steward. The Eclipse Foundation may -assign the responsibility to serve as the Agreement Steward to a -suitable separate entity. Each new version of the Agreement will be -given a distinguishing version number. The Program (including -Contributions) may always be distributed subject to the version of the -Agreement under which it was received. In addition, after a new version -of the Agreement is published, Contributor may elect to distribute the -Program (including its Contributions) under the new version. Except as -expressly stated in Sections 2(a) and 2(b) above, Recipient receives no -rights or licenses to the intellectual property of any Contributor under -this Agreement, whether expressly, by implication, estoppel or -otherwise. All rights in the Program not expressly granted under this -Agreement are reserved.

- -

This Agreement is governed by the laws of the State of New York and -the intellectual property laws of the United States of America. No party -to this Agreement will bring a legal action under this Agreement more -than one year after the cause of action arose. Each party waives its -rights to a jury trial in any resulting litigation.

- - - - diff --git a/ideaboard.txt b/ideaboard.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 8166a99..0000000 --- a/ideaboard.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,31 +0,0 @@ -Concepts / Language Features -===== - -Quoting - -new record syntax -Agents -Vars -state identity lifetime -immutability / side effects -type hints -Pre and Post conditions of functions -ex-info/ex-data -reducers (?) -transducers (?) - maybe just some basic ones, nothing too crazy - -Particular Functions -===== -fnil - creating_a_function -juxt - creating_a_function -constantly - creating_a_function -flatten - -frequencies -reductions -keep -keep-indexed -map-indexed -partition-all -partition-by -repeatedly diff --git a/project.clj b/project.clj deleted file mode 100644 index 3edd040..0000000 --- a/project.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10 +0,0 @@ -(defproject clojure-koans "0.5.1-SNAPSHOT" - :description "The Clojure koans." - :dependencies [[org.clojure/clojure "1.8.0"] - [koan-engine "0.2.3"]] - :dev-dependencies [[lein-koan "0.1.3"]] - :profiles {:dev {:dependencies [[lein-koan "0.1.3"]]}} - :repl-options {:init-ns koan-engine.runner - :init (do (use '[koan-engine.core]))} - :plugins [[lein-koan "0.1.3"]] - :main koan-engine.runner/exec) diff --git a/resources/koans.clj b/resources/koans.clj deleted file mode 100644 index 1ae5b97..0000000 --- a/resources/koans.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,256 +0,0 @@ -[["01_equalities" {"__" [true - 2 - 5 - true - false - true - true - false - "hello" - "hello" - 3]}] - - ["02_strings" {"__" ["hello" - "world" - "Cool " - "right?" - 0 - 11 - false - 6 11 - "123" - ", " - "1" "2" "3" - "olleh" - "hello" - 13 - nil - "hello world" - true - false - false - "a" - true - true - false]}] - - ["03_lists" {"__" [1 2 3 4 5 - 1 - [2 3 4 5] - 3 - 0 - () - [:a :b :c :d :e] - [:e :a :b :c :d] - :a - [:b :c :d :e] - "No dice!" - ()]}] - - ["04_vectors" {"__" [1 - [1] - [nil nil] - 2 - [111 222 333] - :peanut - :jelly - :jelly - [:butter :and] - 3]}] - - ["05_sets" {"__" [[3] - 3 - #{1 2 3 4 5} - #{1 2 3 4 5} - #{2 3} - #{1 4}]}] - - ["06_maps" {"__" [:b 2 - 1 - 2 - 2 - 1 - 1 - "Sochi" - nil - :key-not-found - true - false - "February" - 1 "January" - 2010 2014 2018 - "PyeongChang" "Sochi" "Vancouver"]}] - - ["07_functions" {"__" [81 - 20 - 10 - 60 - 15 - 30] - "___" [+ - * - (fn [f] (f 5)) - (fn [f] (f 5))]}] - - ["08_conditionals" {"__" [:a - [] - nil - :glory - 4 6 :your-road - 1 - :bicycling - "is that even exercise?"]}] - - ["09_higher_order_functions" {"__" [4 8 12 - (* x x) - [false false true false false] - () - [:anything :goes :here] - (< x 31) - (* 10 x) (< x 4) - 24 - 100 - (count a) (count b)]}] - - ["10_runtime_polymorphism" {"__" [(str (:name a) " eats veggies.") - (str (:name a) " eats animals.") - (str "I don't know what " (:name a) " eats.") - "Hello World!" - "Hello, you silly world." - "Hello to this group: Peter, Paul, Mary!" ]}] - - ["11_lazy_sequences" {"__" [[1 2 3 4] - [0 1 2 3 4] - 10 - 95 - (range 20) - :a] - "___" [(fn [x] x)]}] - - ["12_sequence_comprehensions" {"__" [[0 1 2 3 4 5] - (* x x) - (range 10) - (odd? x) (* x x) - [row column] - ]}] - - ["13_creating_functions" {"__" [true false true - 4 - :a :b :c :d - :c :d - 4 - 8] - "___" [(complement nil?) - multiply-by-5 - (comp dec square)]}] - - ["14_recursion" {"__" [true - acc - (loop [coll coll - acc ()] - (if (seq coll) - (recur (rest coll) (conj acc (first coll))) - acc)) - (loop [n n - acc 1] - (if (zero? n) - acc - (recur (dec n) (* acc n))))] - "___" [not]}] - - ["15_destructuring" {"__" [":bar:foo" - (format (str "An Oxford comma list of %s, " - "%s, " - "and %s.") - a b c) - (apply str - (interpose " " - (apply list - first-name - last-name - (interleave (repeat "aka") aliases)))) - {:original-parts full-name - :named-parts {:first first-name :last last-name}} - (str street-address ", " city ", " state) - city state - (str street-address ", " city ", " state)] - "___" [(fn [[fname lname] - {:keys [street-address city state]}] - (str fname " " lname ", " - street-address ", " city ", " state)) - ]}] - - ["16_refs" {"__" ["hello" - "hello" - "better" - "better!!!" - (dosync (ref-set the-world 0)) - (map :jerry [@the-world @bizarro-world]) - ] - "___" [(fn [x] (+ 20 x))]}] - - ["17_atoms" {"__" [0 - 1 - (swap! atomic-clock (partial + 4)) - 20 - 20 - atomic-clock 20 :fin - ]}] - - ["18_macros" {"__" [~(first form) - ~(nth form 2) - form - (drop 2 form) - "Hello, Macros!" - 10 - '(+ 9 1) - '(* 10 2) - '(+ 10 (2 * 3))]}] - - ["19_datatypes" {"__" [(print - (str "You're really the " - (.category this) - ", " recipient "... sorry.")) - "peace" - "literature" - "physics" - nil - [true false] - (str "Congratulations on your Best Picture Oscar, " - "Evil Alien Conquerors!")]}] - - ["20_java_interop" {"__" [java.lang.String - "SELECT * FROM" - 10 - 1024 - ] - "___" [#(.toUpperCase %) - ] - }] - ["21_partition" {"__" [partition - [:a :b :c] - '((0 1 2) (3 4)) - 5 - :hello - (6 :these :are) - ]}] - ["22_group_by" {"__" [odd? - {5 ["hello" "world"] 3 ["foo" "bar"]} - {1 [{:name "Bob" :id 1} - {:last-name "Smith" :id 1}] - 2 [{:name "Jennifer" :id 2}]} - nil - {:naughty-list [{:name "Jimmy" :bad true} - {:name "Joe" :bad true}] - :nice-list [{:name "Jane" :bad false}]}]}] - ["23_meta" {"__" [{:league "National League"} - {:division "West"} - "This doesn't implement the IObj interface" - {:foo :bar} - nil - \C - inc - :park "AT&T Park" - 'Giants - "Giants"]}] -] diff --git a/script/deploy.sh b/script/deploy.sh deleted file mode 100755 index 4ae84fc..0000000 --- a/script/deploy.sh +++ /dev/null @@ -1,18 +0,0 @@ -#!/bin/sh - -mkdir -p releases -lein1 deps -zip -r releases/clojure-koans-`date +"%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M"`.zip \ - . \ - -x "./.idea/*" \ - -x "./.lein-plugins/*" \ - -x "./.git/*" \ - -x "releases/*" - -echo -echo "Don't forget to upload the zipfile (somewhere...)" -echo `ls -t releases/clojure-koans-*.zip | head -n1` -echo "git push" -echo "git push --tags" -echo - diff --git a/script/repl b/script/repl deleted file mode 100755 index adeec3b..0000000 --- a/script/repl +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -#!/bin/sh -CLASSPATH=src - -for f in lib/*.jar lib/dev/*.jar resources/; do - CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$f -done - -if [ "$OSTYPE" = "cygwin" ]; then - CLASSPATH=`cygpath -wp $CLASSPATH` -fi - -java -Xmx1G -cp $CLASSPATH jline.ConsoleRunner clojure.main diff --git a/script/repl.bat b/script/repl.bat deleted file mode 100755 index cf3048c..0000000 --- a/script/repl.bat +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -@echo off -setLocal EnableDelayedExpansion - -set CLASSPATH=" -for %%j in (".\lib\*.jar") do ( - set CLASSPATH=!CLASSPATH!;%%~fj -) -set CLASSPATH=!CLASSPATH!" -set CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;src;resources - -set JLINE=jline.ConsoleRunner - -java -Xmx1G -cp %CLASSPATH% %JLINE% clojure.main - diff --git a/script/run b/script/run deleted file mode 100755 index 2e54d34..0000000 --- a/script/run +++ /dev/null @@ -1,13 +0,0 @@ -#!/bin/sh -CLASSPATH=src - -for f in lib/*.jar lib/dev/*.jar resources/; do - CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$f -done - -if [ "$OSTYPE" = "cygwin" ]; then - CLASSPATH=`cygpath -wp $CLASSPATH` -fi - -java -cp "$CLASSPATH" clojure.main script/run.clj -echo diff --git a/script/run.bat b/script/run.bat deleted file mode 100755 index 19b315d..0000000 --- a/script/run.bat +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -@echo off -setLocal EnableDelayedExpansion - -set CLASSPATH=" -for %%j in (".\lib\*.jar", ".\lib\dev\*.jar") do ( - set CLASSPATH=!CLASSPATH!;%%~fj -) -set CLASSPATH=!CLASSPATH!" -set CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;src;resources - -java -Xmx1G -cp %CLASSPATH% clojure.main script\run.clj - diff --git a/script/run.clj b/script/run.clj deleted file mode 100644 index 5855b8e..0000000 --- a/script/run.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -(require 'koan-engine.runner) -(koan-engine.runner/exec "run") diff --git a/script/test b/script/test deleted file mode 100755 index a91fb24..0000000 --- a/script/test +++ /dev/null @@ -1,14 +0,0 @@ -#!/bin/sh -CLASSPATH=src - - -for f in lib/*.jar lib/dev/*.jar resources/; do - CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$f -done - -if [ "$OSTYPE" = "cygwin" ]; then - CLASSPATH=`cygpath -wp $CLASSPATH` -fi - -java -cp "$CLASSPATH" clojure.main script/test.clj -echo diff --git a/script/test.bat b/script/test.bat deleted file mode 100755 index eb27cc4..0000000 --- a/script/test.bat +++ /dev/null @@ -1,11 +0,0 @@ -@echo off -setLocal EnableDelayedExpansion - -set CLASSPATH=" -for %%j in (".\lib\*.jar", ".\lib\dev\*.jar") do ( - set CLASSPATH=!CLASSPATH!;%%~fj -) -set CLASSPATH=!CLASSPATH!" -set CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;src;resources - -java -Xmx1G -cp %CLASSPATH% clojure.main script\test.clj diff --git a/script/test.clj b/script/test.clj deleted file mode 100644 index ffac31b..0000000 --- a/script/test.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2 +0,0 @@ -(require 'koan-engine.runner) -(koan-engine.runner/exec "test") diff --git a/src/koans/01_equalities.clj b/src/koans/01_equalities.clj deleted file mode 100644 index 8f76176..0000000 --- a/src/koans/01_equalities.clj +++ /dev/null @@ -1,36 +0,0 @@ -(ns koans.01-equalities - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) - -(meditations - "We shall contemplate truth by testing reality, via equality" - (= __ true) - - "To understand reality, we must compare our expectations against reality" - (= __ (+ 1 1)) - - "You can test equality of many things" - (= (+ 3 4) 7 (+ 2 __)) - - "Some things may appear different, but be the same" - (= __ (= 2 2/1)) - - "You cannot generally float to heavens of integers" - (= __ (= 2 2.0)) - - "But a looser equality is also possible" - (= __ (== 2.0 2)) - - "Something is not equal to nothing" - (= __ (not (= 1 nil))) - - "Strings, and keywords, and symbols: oh my!" - (= __ (= "hello" :hello 'hello)) - - "Make a keyword with your keyboard" - (= :hello (keyword __)) - - "Symbolism is all around us" - (= 'hello (symbol __)) - - "When things cannot be equal, they must be different" - (not= :fill-in-the-blank __)) From dc460acdda9143bab061df97f19aa8bfd2c92850 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: frizzbolt Date: Fri, 26 Feb 2016 20:33:05 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 2/9] Reformat all koan files for REPL compatibility. --- 02_strings.clj | 50 +++++++++++++++---------------- 03_lists.clj | 29 ++++++++---------- 04_vectors.clj | 25 +++++++--------- 05_sets.clj | 18 +++++------- 06_maps.clj | 35 ++++++++++------------ 07_functions.clj | 30 +++++++------------ 08_conditionals.clj | 28 ++++++------------ 09_higher_order_functions.clj | 25 +++++++--------- 10_runtime_polymorphism.clj | 32 +++++--------------- 11_lazy_sequences.clj | 19 +++++------- 12_sequence_comprehensions.clj | 15 ++++------ 13_creating_functions.clj | 21 +++++-------- 14_recursion.clj | 54 ++++++++++++++++------------------ 15_destructuring.clj | 24 +++++---------- 16_refs.clj | 22 +++++--------- 17_atoms.clj | 19 +++++------- 18_macros.clj | 17 +++++------ 19_datatypes.clj | 38 +++++------------------- 20_java_interop.clj | 15 ++++------ 21_partition.clj | 17 +++++------ 22_group_by.clj | 19 ++++-------- 23_meta.clj | 29 +++++++----------- 22 files changed, 224 insertions(+), 357 deletions(-) diff --git a/02_strings.clj b/02_strings.clj index af4e555..21a71e5 100644 --- a/02_strings.clj +++ b/02_strings.clj @@ -1,70 +1,66 @@ -(ns koans.02-strings - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all] - [clojure.string :as string])) -(meditations - "A string is nothing more than text surrounded by double quotes" + ; "A string is nothing more than text surrounded by double quotes" (= __ "hello") - "But double quotes are just magic on top of something deeper" + ; "But double quotes are just magic on top of something deeper" (= __ (str 'world)) - "You can do more than create strings, you can put them together" + ; "You can do more than create strings, you can put them together" (= "Cool right?" (str __ __)) - "You can even get certain characters" + ; "You can even get certain characters" (= \C (get "Characters" __)) - "Or even count the characters" + ; "Or even count the characters" (= __ (count "Hello World")) - "But strings and characters are not the same" + ; "But strings and characters are not the same" (= __ (= \c "c")) - "What if you only wanted to get part of a string?" + ; "What if you only wanted to get part of a string?" (= "World" (subs "Hello World" __ __)) - "How about joining together elements in a list?" + ; "How about joining together elements in a list?" (= __ (string/join '(1 2 3))) - "What if you wanted to separate them out?" + ; "What if you wanted to separate them out?" (= "1, 2, 3" (string/join __ '(1 2 3))) - "Maybe you want to separate out all your lines" + ; "Maybe you want to separate out all your lines" (= [__ __ __] (string/split-lines "1\n2\n3")) - "You may want to make sure your words are backwards" + ; "You may want to make sure your words are backwards" (= __ (string/reverse "hello")) - "Maybe you want to find the index of the first occurence of a substring" + ; "Maybe you want to find the index of the first occurence of a substring" (= 0 (string/index-of "hello world" __)) - "Or maybe the last index of the same" + ; "Or maybe the last index of the same" (= __ (string/last-index-of "hello world, hello" "hello")) - "But when something doesn't exist, nothing is found" + ; "But when something doesn't exist, nothing is found" (= __ (string/index-of "hello world" "bob")) - "Sometimes you don't want whitespace cluttering the front and back" + ; "Sometimes you don't want whitespace cluttering the front and back" (= __ (string/trim " \nhello world \t \n")) - "You can check if something is a char" + ; "You can check if something is a char" (= __ (char? \c)) - "But it may not be" + ; "But it may not be" (= __ (char? "a")) - "But chars aren't strings" + ; "But chars aren't strings" (= __ (string? \b)) - "Strings are strings" + ; "Strings are strings" (= true (string? __)) - "Some strings may be blank" + ; "Some strings may be blank" (= __ (string/blank? "")) - "Even if at first glance they aren't" + ; "Even if at first glance they aren't" (= __ (string/blank? " \n \t ")) - "However, most strings aren't blank" - (= __ (string/blank? "hello?\nare you out there?"))) + ; "However, most strings aren't blank" + (= __ (string/blank? "hello?\nare you out there?")) diff --git a/03_lists.clj b/03_lists.clj index dbdf6f5..adb3ae0 100644 --- a/03_lists.clj +++ b/03_lists.clj @@ -1,45 +1,42 @@ -(ns koans.03-lists - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) -(meditations - "Lists can be expressed by function or a quoted form" + ; "Lists can be expressed by function or a quoted form" (= '(__ __ __ __ __) (list 1 2 3 4 5)) - "They are Clojure seqs (sequences), so they allow access to the first" + ; "They are Clojure seqs (sequences), so they allow access to the first" (= __ (first '(1 2 3 4 5))) - "As well as the rest" + ; "As well as the rest" (= __ (rest '(1 2 3 4 5))) - "Count your blessings" + ; "Count your blessings" (= __ (count '(dracula dooku chocula))) - "Before they are gone" + ; "Before they are gone" (= __ (count '())) - "The rest, when nothing is left, is empty" + ; "The rest, when nothing is left, is empty" (= __ (rest '(100))) - "Construction by adding an element to the front is easy" + ; "Construction by adding an element to the front is easy" (= __ (cons :a '(:b :c :d :e))) - "Conjoining an element to a list isn't hard either" + ; "Conjoining an element to a list isn't hard either" (= __ (conj '(:a :b :c :d) :e)) - "You can use a list like a stack to get the first element" + ; "You can use a list like a stack to get the first element" (= __ (peek '(:a :b :c :d :e))) - "Or the others" + ; "Or the others" (= __ (pop '(:a :b :c :d :e))) - "But watch out if you try to pop nothing" + ; "But watch out if you try to pop nothing" (= __ (try (pop '()) (catch IllegalStateException e "No dice!"))) - "The rest of nothing isn't so strict" + ; "The rest of nothing isn't so strict" (= __ (try (rest '()) (catch IllegalStateException e - "No dice!")))) + "No dice!"))) diff --git a/04_vectors.clj b/04_vectors.clj index 71970f6..2c87c4e 100644 --- a/04_vectors.clj +++ b/04_vectors.clj @@ -1,33 +1,30 @@ -(ns koans.04-vectors - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) -(meditations - "You can use vectors in clojure as array-like structures" + ; "You can use vectors in clojure as array-like structures" (= __ (count [42])) - "You can create a vector from a list" + ; "You can create a vector from a list" (= __ (vec '(1))) - "Or from some elements" + ; "Or from some elements" (= __ (vector nil nil)) - "But you can populate it with any number of elements at once" + ; "But you can populate it with any number of elements at once" (= [1 __] (vec '(1 2))) - "Conjoining to a vector is different than to a list" + ; "Conjoining to a vector is different than to a list" (= __ (conj [111 222] 333)) - "You can get the first element of a vector like so" + ; "You can get the first element of a vector like so" (= __ (first [:peanut :butter :and :jelly])) - "And the last in a similar fashion" + ; "And the last in a similar fashion" (= __ (last [:peanut :butter :and :jelly])) - "Or any index if you wish" + ; "Or any index if you wish" (= __ (nth [:peanut :butter :and :jelly] 3)) - "You can also slice a vector" + ; "You can also slice a vector" (= __ (subvec [:peanut :butter :and :jelly] 1 3)) - "Equality with collections is in terms of values" - (= (list 1 2 3) (vector 1 2 __))) + ; "Equality with collections is in terms of values" + (= (list 1 2 3) (vector 1 2 __)) diff --git a/05_sets.clj b/05_sets.clj index a6e631f..744cd4d 100644 --- a/05_sets.clj +++ b/05_sets.clj @@ -1,22 +1,18 @@ -(ns koans.05-sets - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all] - [clojure.set :as set])) -(meditations - "You can create a set by converting another collection" + ; "You can create a set by converting another collection" (= #{3} (set __)) - "Counting them is like counting other collections" + ; "Counting them is like counting other collections" (= __ (count #{1 2 3})) - "Remember that a set is a *mathematical* set" + ; "Remember that a set is a *mathematical* set" (= __ (set '(1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5))) - "You can ask clojure for the union of two sets" + ; "You can ask clojure for the union of two sets" (= __ (set/union #{1 2 3 4} #{2 3 5})) - "And also the intersection" + ; "And also the intersection" (= __ (set/intersection #{1 2 3 4} #{2 3 5})) - "But don't forget about the difference" - (= __ (set/difference #{1 2 3 4 5} #{2 3 5}))) + ; "But don't forget about the difference" + (= __ (set/difference #{1 2 3 4 5} #{2 3 5})) diff --git a/06_maps.clj b/06_maps.clj index 3466864..b9f8b61 100644 --- a/06_maps.clj +++ b/06_maps.clj @@ -1,50 +1,47 @@ -(ns koans.06-maps - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) -(meditations - "Don't get lost when creating a map" + ; "Don't get lost when creating a map" (= {:a 1 :b 2} (hash-map :a 1 __ __)) - "A value must be supplied for each key" + ; "A value must be supplied for each key" (= {:a 1} (hash-map :a __)) - "The size is the number of entries" + ; "The size is the number of entries" (= __ (count {:a 1 :b 2})) - "You can look up the value for a given key" + ; "You can look up the value for a given key" (= __ (get {:a 1 :b 2} :b)) - "Maps can be used as functions to do lookups" + ; "Maps can be used as functions to do lookups" (= __ ({:a 1 :b 2} :a)) - "And so can keywords" + ; "And so can keywords" (= __ (:a {:a 1 :b 2})) - "But map keys need not be keywords" + ; "But map keys need not be keywords" (= __ ({2010 "Vancouver" 2014 "Sochi" 2018 "PyeongChang"} 2014)) - "You may not be able to find an entry for a key" + ; "You may not be able to find an entry for a key" (= __ (get {:a 1 :b 2} :c)) - "But you can provide your own default" + ; "But you can provide your own default" (= __ (get {:a 1 :b 2} :c :key-not-found)) - "You can find out if a key is present" + ; "You can find out if a key is present" (= __ (contains? {:a nil :b nil} :b)) - "Or if it is missing" + ; "Or if it is missing" (= __ (contains? {:a nil :b nil} :c)) - "Maps are immutable, but you can create a new and improved version" + ; "Maps are immutable, but you can create a new and improved version" (= {1 "January" 2 __} (assoc {1 "January"} 2 "February")) - "You can also create a new version with an entry removed" + ; "You can also create a new version with an entry removed" (= {__ __} (dissoc {1 "January" 2 "February"} 2)) - "Often you will need to get the keys, but the order is undependable" + ; "Often you will need to get the keys, but the order is undependable" (= (list __ __ __) (sort (keys { 2014 "Sochi" 2018 "PyeongChang" 2010 "Vancouver"}))) - "You can get the values in a similar way" + ; "You can get the values in a similar way" (= (list __ __ __) - (sort (vals {2010 "Vancouver" 2014 "Sochi" 2018 "PyeongChang"})))) + (sort (vals {2010 "Vancouver" 2014 "Sochi" 2018 "PyeongChang"}))) diff --git a/07_functions.clj b/07_functions.clj index 4bf40a0..c54bfd6 100644 --- a/07_functions.clj +++ b/07_functions.clj @@ -1,40 +1,32 @@ -(ns koans.07-functions - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) -(defn multiply-by-ten [n] - (* 10 n)) - -(defn square [n] (* n n)) - -(meditations - "Calling a function is like giving it a hug with parentheses" + ; "Calling a function is like giving it a hug with parentheses" (= __ (square 9)) - "Functions are usually defined before they are used" + ; "Functions are usually defined before they are used" (= __ (multiply-by-ten 2)) - "But they can also be defined inline" + ; "But they can also be defined inline" (= __ ((fn [n] (* 5 n)) 2)) - "Or using an even shorter syntax" + ; "Or using an even shorter syntax" (= __ (#(* 15 %) 4)) - "Even anonymous functions may take multiple arguments" + ; "Even anonymous functions may take multiple arguments" (= __ (#(+ %1 %2 %3) 4 5 6)) - "Arguments can also be skipped" + ; "Arguments can also be skipped" (= __ (#(* 15 %2) 1 2)) - "One function can beget another" + ; "One function can beget another" (= 9 (((fn [] ___)) 4 5)) - "Functions can also take other functions as input" + ; "Functions can also take other functions as input" (= 20 ((fn [f] (f 4 5)) ___)) - "Higher-order functions take function arguments" + ; "Higher-order functions take function arguments" (= 25 (___ (fn [n] (* n n)))) - "But they are often better written using the names of functions" - (= 25 (___ square))) + ; "But they are often better written using the names of functions" + (= 25 (___ square)) diff --git a/08_conditionals.clj b/08_conditionals.clj index 87b9fdf..6681c91 100644 --- a/08_conditionals.clj +++ b/08_conditionals.clj @@ -1,47 +1,37 @@ -(ns koans.08-conditionals - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) -(defn explain-exercise-velocity [exercise-term] - (case exercise-term - :bicycling "pretty fast" - :jogging "not super fast" - :walking "not fast at all" - "is that even exercise?")) - -(meditations - "You will face many decisions" + ; "You will face many decisions" (= __ (if (false? (= 4 5)) :a :b)) - "Some of them leave you no alternative" + ; "Some of them leave you no alternative" (= __ (if (> 4 3) [])) - "And in such a situation you may have nothing" + ; "And in such a situation you may have nothing" (= __ (if (nil? 0) [:a :b :c])) - "In others your alternative may be interesting" + ; "In others your alternative may be interesting" (= :glory (if (not (empty? ())) :doom __)) - "You may have a multitude of possible paths" + ; "You may have a multitude of possible paths" (let [x 5] (= :your-road (cond (= x __) :road-not-taken (= x __) :another-road-not-taken :else __))) - "Or your fate may be sealed" + ; "Or your fate may be sealed" (= 'doom (if-not (zero? __) 'doom 'more-doom)) - "In case of emergency, go fast" + ; "In case of emergency, go fast" (= "pretty fast" (explain-exercise-velocity __)) - "But admit it when you don't know what to do" + ; "But admit it when you don't know what to do" (= __ - (explain-exercise-velocity :watching-tv))) + (explain-exercise-velocity :watching-tv)) diff --git a/09_higher_order_functions.clj b/09_higher_order_functions.clj index 8b7fd3c..7565b0a 100644 --- a/09_higher_order_functions.clj +++ b/09_higher_order_functions.clj @@ -1,35 +1,32 @@ -(ns koans.09-higher-order-functions - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) -(meditations - "The map function relates a sequence to another" + ; "The map function relates a sequence to another" (= [__ __ __] (map (fn [x] (* 4 x)) [1 2 3])) - "You may create that mapping" + ; "You may create that mapping" (= [1 4 9 16 25] (map (fn [x] __) [1 2 3 4 5])) - "Or use the names of existing functions" + ; "Or use the names of existing functions" (= __ (map nil? [:a :b nil :c :d])) - "A filter can be strong" + ; "A filter can be strong" (= __ (filter (fn [x] false) '(:anything :goes :here))) - "Or very weak" + ; "Or very weak" (= __ (filter (fn [x] true) '(:anything :goes :here))) - "Or somewhere in between" + ; "Or somewhere in between" (= [10 20 30] (filter (fn [x] __) [10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80])) - "Maps and filters may be combined" + ; "Maps and filters may be combined" (= [10 20 30] (map (fn [x] __) (filter (fn [x] __) [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8]))) - "Reducing can increase the result" + ; "Reducing can increase the result" (= __ (reduce (fn [a b] (* a b)) [1 2 3 4])) - "You can start somewhere else" + ; "You can start somewhere else" (= 2400 (reduce (fn [a b] (* a b)) __ [1 2 3 4])) - "Numbers are not the only things one can reduce" + ; "Numbers are not the only things one can reduce" (= "longest" (reduce (fn [a b] (if (< __ __) b a)) - ["which" "word" "is" "longest"]))) + ["which" "word" "is" "longest"])) diff --git a/10_runtime_polymorphism.clj b/10_runtime_polymorphism.clj index 8be1c6a..18a4989 100644 --- a/10_runtime_polymorphism.clj +++ b/10_runtime_polymorphism.clj @@ -1,42 +1,26 @@ -(ns koans.10-runtime-polymorphism - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) -(defn hello - ([] "Hello World!") - ([a] (str "Hello, you silly " a ".")) - ([a & more] (str "Hello to this group: " - (apply str - (interpose ", " (cons a more))) - "!"))) - -(defmulti diet (fn [x] (:eater x))) -(defmethod diet :herbivore [a] __) -(defmethod diet :carnivore [a] __) -(defmethod diet :default [a] __) - -(meditations - "Some functions can be used in different ways - with no arguments" + ; "Some functions can be used in different ways - with no arguments" (= __ (hello)) - "With one argument" + ; "With one argument" (= __ (hello "world")) - "Or with many arguments" + ; "Or with many arguments" (= __ (hello "Peter" "Paul" "Mary")) - "Multimethods allow more complex dispatching" + ; "Multimethods allow more complex dispatching" (= "Bambi eats veggies." (diet {:species "deer" :name "Bambi" :age 1 :eater :herbivore})) - "Animals have different names" + ; "Animals have different names" (= "Thumper eats veggies." (diet {:species "rabbit" :name "Thumper" :age 1 :eater :herbivore})) - "Different methods are used depending on the dispatch function result" + ; "Different methods are used depending on the dispatch function result" (= "Simba eats animals." (diet {:species "lion" :name "Simba" :age 1 :eater :carnivore})) - "You may use a default method when no others match" + ; "You may use a default method when no others match" (= "I don't know what Rich Hickey eats." - (diet {:name "Rich Hickey"}))) + (diet {:name "Rich Hickey"})) diff --git a/11_lazy_sequences.clj b/11_lazy_sequences.clj index 1023785..dfba1d6 100644 --- a/11_lazy_sequences.clj +++ b/11_lazy_sequences.clj @@ -1,28 +1,25 @@ -(ns koans.11-lazy-sequences - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) -(meditations - "There are many ways to generate a sequence" + ; "There are many ways to generate a sequence" (= __ (range 1 5)) - "The range starts at the beginning by default" + ; "The range starts at the beginning by default" (= __ (range 5)) - "Only take what you need when the sequence is large" + ; "Only take what you need when the sequence is large" (= [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9] (take __ (range 100))) - "Or limit results by dropping what you don't need" + ; "Or limit results by dropping what you don't need" (= [95 96 97 98 99] (drop __ (range 100))) - "Iteration provides an infinite lazy sequence" + ; "Iteration provides an infinite lazy sequence" (= __ (take 20 (iterate inc 0))) - "Repetition is key" + ; "Repetition is key" (= [:a :a :a :a :a :a :a :a :a :a] (repeat 10 __)) - "Iteration can be used for repetition" + ; "Iteration can be used for repetition" (= (repeat 100 :hello) - (take 100 (iterate ___ :hello)))) + (take 100 (iterate ___ :hello))) diff --git a/12_sequence_comprehensions.clj b/12_sequence_comprehensions.clj index f131e1a..3c2506b 100644 --- a/12_sequence_comprehensions.clj +++ b/12_sequence_comprehensions.clj @@ -1,36 +1,33 @@ -(ns koans.12-sequence-comprehensions - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) -(meditations - "Sequence comprehensions can bind each element in turn to a symbol" + ; "Sequence comprehensions can bind each element in turn to a symbol" (= __ (for [x (range 6)] x)) - "They can easily emulate mapping" + ; "They can easily emulate mapping" (= '(0 1 4 9 16 25) (map (fn [x] (* x x)) (range 6)) (for [x (range 6)] __)) - "And also filtering" + ; "And also filtering" (= '(1 3 5 7 9) (filter odd? (range 10)) (for [x __ :when (odd? x)] x)) - "Combinations of these transformations is trivial" + ; "Combinations of these transformations is trivial" (= '(1 9 25 49 81) (map (fn [x] (* x x)) (filter odd? (range 10))) (for [x (range 10) :when __] __)) - "More complex transformations simply take multiple binding forms" + ; "More complex transformations simply take multiple binding forms" (= [[:top :left] [:top :middle] [:top :right] [:middle :left] [:middle :middle] [:middle :right] [:bottom :left] [:bottom :middle] [:bottom :right]] (for [row [:top :middle :bottom] column [:left :middle :right]] - __))) + __)) diff --git a/13_creating_functions.clj b/13_creating_functions.clj index 7d84bc8..c5cac97 100644 --- a/13_creating_functions.clj +++ b/13_creating_functions.clj @@ -1,35 +1,30 @@ -(ns koans.13-creating-functions - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) -(defn square [x] (* x x)) - -(meditations - "One may know what they seek by knowing what they do not seek" + ; "One may know what they seek by knowing what they do not seek" (= [__ __ __] (let [not-a-symbol? (complement symbol?)] (map not-a-symbol? [:a 'b "c"]))) - "Praise and 'complement' may help you separate the wheat from the chaff" + ; "Praise and 'complement' may help you separate the wheat from the chaff" (= [:wheat "wheat" 'wheat] (let [not-nil? ___] (filter not-nil? [nil :wheat nil "wheat" nil 'wheat nil]))) - "Partial functions allow procrastination" + ; "Partial functions allow procrastination" (= 20 (let [multiply-by-5 (partial * 5)] (___ __))) - "Don't forget: first things first" + ; "Don't forget: first things first" (= [__ __ __ __] (let [ab-adder (partial concat [:a :b])] (ab-adder [__ __]))) - "Functions can join forces as one 'composed' function" + ; "Functions can join forces as one 'composed' function" (= 25 (let [inc-and-square (comp square inc)] (inc-and-square __))) - "Have a go on a double dec-er" + ; "Have a go on a double dec-er" (= __ (let [double-dec (comp dec dec)] (double-dec 10))) - "Be careful about the order in which you mix your functions" + ; "Be careful about the order in which you mix your functions" (= 99 (let [square-and-dec ___] - (square-and-dec 10)))) + (square-and-dec 10))) diff --git a/14_recursion.clj b/14_recursion.clj index 4c39666..f71a408 100644 --- a/14_recursion.clj +++ b/14_recursion.clj @@ -1,54 +1,50 @@ -(ns koans.14-recursion - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) - -(defn is-even? [n] - (if (= n 0) - __ - (___ (is-even? (dec n))))) - -(defn is-even-bigint? [n] - (loop [n n - acc true] + (defn is-even? [n] (if (= n 0) __ - (recur (dec n) (not acc))))) + (___ (is-even? (dec n))))) -(defn recursive-reverse [coll] - __) + (defn is-even-bigint? [n] + (loop [n n + acc true] + (if (= n 0) + __ + (recur (dec n) (not acc))))) -(defn factorial [n] - __) + (defn recursive-reverse [coll] + __) -(meditations - "Recursion ends with a base case" + (defn factorial [n] + __) + + ; "Recursion ends with a base case" (= true (is-even? 0)) - "And starts by moving toward that base case" + ; "And starts by moving toward that base case" (= false (is-even? 1)) - "Having too many stack frames requires explicit tail calls with recur" + ; "Having too many stack frames requires explicit tail calls with recur" (= false (is-even-bigint? 100003N)) - "Reversing directions is easy when you have not gone far" + ; "Reversing directions is easy when you have not gone far" (= '(1) (recursive-reverse [1])) - "Yet it becomes more difficult the more steps you take" + ; "Yet it becomes more difficult the more steps you take" (= '(5 4 3 2 1) (recursive-reverse [1 2 3 4 5])) - "Simple things may appear simple." + ; "Simple things may appear simple." (= 1 (factorial 1)) - "They may require other simple steps." + ; "They may require other simple steps." (= 2 (factorial 2)) - "Sometimes a slightly bigger step is necessary" + ; "Sometimes a slightly bigger step is necessary" (= 6 (factorial 3)) - "And eventually you must think harder" + ; "And eventually you must think harder" (= 24 (factorial 4)) - "You can even deal with very large numbers" + ; "You can even deal with very large numbers" (< 1000000000000000000000000N (factorial 1000N)) - "But what happens when the machine limits you?" - (< 1000000000000000000000000N (factorial 100003N))) + ; "But what happens when the machine limits you?" + (< 1000000000000000000000000N (factorial 100003N)) diff --git a/15_destructuring.clj b/15_destructuring.clj index 32fc983..39c7caf 100644 --- a/15_destructuring.clj +++ b/15_destructuring.clj @@ -1,44 +1,36 @@ -(ns koans.15-destructuring - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) -(def test-address - {:street-address "123 Test Lane" - :city "Testerville" - :state "TX"}) - -(meditations - "Destructuring is an arbiter: it breaks up arguments" + ; "Destructuring is an arbiter: it breaks up arguments" (= __ ((fn [[a b]] (str b a)) [:foo :bar])) - "Whether in function definitions" + ; "Whether in function definitions" (= (str "An Oxford comma list of apples, " "oranges, " "and pears.") ((fn [[a b c]] __) ["apples" "oranges" "pears"])) - "Or in let expressions" + ; "Or in let expressions" (= "Rich Hickey aka The Clojurer aka Go Time aka Lambda Guru" (let [[first-name last-name & aliases] (list "Rich" "Hickey" "The Clojurer" "Go Time" "Lambda Guru")] __)) - "You can regain the full argument if you like arguing" + ; "You can regain the full argument if you like arguing" (= {:original-parts ["Stephen" "Hawking"] :named-parts {:first "Stephen" :last "Hawking"}} (let [[first-name last-name :as full-name] ["Stephen" "Hawking"]] __)) - "Break up maps by key" + ; "Break up maps by key" (= "123 Test Lane, Testerville, TX" (let [{street-address :street-address, city :city, state :state} test-address] __)) - "Or more succinctly" + ; "Or more succinctly" (= "123 Test Lane, Testerville, TX" (let [{:keys [street-address __ __]} test-address] __)) - "All together now!" + ; "All together now!" (= "Test Testerson, 123 Test Lane, Testerville, TX" - (___ ["Test" "Testerson"] test-address))) + (___ ["Test" "Testerson"] test-address)) diff --git a/16_refs.clj b/16_refs.clj index 3395f29..ee7d551 100644 --- a/16_refs.clj +++ b/16_refs.clj @@ -1,22 +1,16 @@ -(ns koans.16-refs - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) -(def the-world (ref "hello")) -(def bizarro-world (ref {})) - -(meditations - "In the beginning, there was a word" + ; "In the beginning, there was a word" (= __ (deref the-world)) - "You can get the word more succinctly, but it's the same" + ; "You can get the word more succinctly, but it's the same" (= __ @the-world) - "You can be the change you wish to see in the world." + ; "You can be the change you wish to see in the world." (= __ (do (dosync (ref-set the-world "better")) @the-world)) - "Alter where you need not replace" + ; "Alter where you need not replace" (= __ (let [exclamator (fn [x] (str x "!"))] (dosync (alter the-world exclamator) @@ -24,19 +18,19 @@ (alter the-world exclamator)) @the-world)) - "Don't forget to do your work in a transaction!" + ; "Don't forget to do your work in a transaction!" (= 0 (do __ @the-world)) - "Functions passed to alter may depend on the data in the ref" + ; "Functions passed to alter may depend on the data in the ref" (= 20 (do (dosync (alter the-world ___)))) - "Two worlds are better than one" + ; "Two worlds are better than one" (= ["Real Jerry" "Bizarro Jerry"] (do (dosync (ref-set the-world {}) (alter the-world assoc :jerry "Real Jerry") (alter bizarro-world assoc :jerry "Bizarro Jerry") - __)))) + __))) diff --git a/17_atoms.clj b/17_atoms.clj index 17d92dd..f5ca9f3 100644 --- a/17_atoms.clj +++ b/17_atoms.clj @@ -1,33 +1,28 @@ -(ns koans.17-atoms - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) -(def atomic-clock (atom 0)) - -(meditations - "Atoms are like refs" + ; "Atoms are like refs" (= __ @atomic-clock) - "You can change at the swap meet" + ; "You can change at the swap meet" (= __ (do (swap! atomic-clock inc) @atomic-clock)) - "Keep taxes out of this: swapping requires no transaction" + ; "Keep taxes out of this: swapping requires no transaction" (= 5 (do __ @atomic-clock)) - "Any number of arguments might happen during a swap" + ; "Any number of arguments might happen during a swap" (= __ (do (swap! atomic-clock + 1 2 3 4 5) @atomic-clock)) - "Atomic atoms are atomic" + ; "Atomic atoms are atomic" (= __ (do (compare-and-set! atomic-clock 100 :fin) @atomic-clock)) - "When your expectations are aligned with reality, things proceed that way" + ; "When your expectations are aligned with reality, things proceed that way" (= :fin (do (compare-and-set! __ __ __) - @atomic-clock))) + @atomic-clock)) diff --git a/18_macros.clj b/18_macros.clj index 931dc75..223de8d 100644 --- a/18_macros.clj +++ b/18_macros.clj @@ -1,5 +1,3 @@ -(ns koans.18-macros - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) (defmacro hello [x] (str "Hello, " x)) @@ -25,21 +23,20 @@ (r-infix ~first-arg) (r-infix ~others))))) -(meditations - "Macros are like functions created at compile time" + ; "Macros are like functions created at compile time" (= __ (hello "Macros!")) - "I can haz infix?" + ; "I can haz infix?" (= __ (infix (9 + 1))) - "Remember, these are nothing but code transformations" + ; "Remember, these are nothing but code transformations" (= __ (macroexpand '(infix (9 + 1)))) - "You can do better than that - hand crafting FTW!" + ; "You can do better than that - hand crafting FTW!" (= __ (macroexpand '(infix-better (10 * 2)))) - "Things don't always work as you would like them to... " + ; "Things don't always work as you would like them to... " (= __ (macroexpand '(infix-better ( 10 + (2 * 3))))) - "Really, you don't understand recursion until you understand recursion" - (= 36 (r-infix (10 + (2 * 3) + (4 * 5))))) + ; "Really, you don't understand recursion until you understand recursion" + (= 36 (r-infix (10 + (2 * 3) + (4 * 5)))) diff --git a/19_datatypes.clj b/19_datatypes.clj index d6eb31f..209d3a6 100644 --- a/19_datatypes.clj +++ b/19_datatypes.clj @@ -1,47 +1,25 @@ -(ns koans.19-datatypes - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) -(defrecord Nobel [prize]) -(deftype Pulitzer [prize]) - -(defprotocol Award - (present [this recipient])) - -(defrecord Oscar [category] - Award - (present [this recipient] - (print (str "Congratulations on your " - (:category this) " Oscar, " - recipient - "!")))) - -(deftype Razzie [category] - Award - (present [this recipient] - __)) - -(meditations - "Holding records is meaningful only when the record is worthy of you" + ; "Holding records is meaningful only when the record is worthy of you" (= __ (.prize (Nobel. "peace"))) - "Types are quite similar" + ; "Types are quite similar" (= __ (.prize (Pulitzer. "literature"))) - "Records may be treated like maps" + ; "Records may be treated like maps" (= __ (:prize (Nobel. "physics"))) - "While types may not" + ; "While types may not" (= __ (:prize (Pulitzer. "poetry"))) - "Further study reveals why" + ; "Further study reveals why" (= __ (map map? [(Nobel. "chemistry") (Pulitzer. "music")])) - "Either sort of datatype can define methods in a protocol" + ; "Either sort of datatype can define methods in a protocol" (= __ (with-out-str (present (Oscar. "Best Picture") "Evil Alien Conquerors"))) - "Surely we can implement our own by now" + ; "Surely we can implement our own by now" (= "You're really the Worst Picture, Final Destination 5... sorry." - (with-out-str (present (Razzie. "Worst Picture") "Final Destination 5")))) + (with-out-str (present (Razzie. "Worst Picture") "Final Destination 5"))) diff --git a/20_java_interop.clj b/20_java_interop.clj index 8a7a6e2..6a13d66 100644 --- a/20_java_interop.clj +++ b/20_java_interop.clj @@ -1,19 +1,16 @@ -(ns koans.20-java-interop - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) -(meditations - "You may have done more with Java than you know" + ; "You may have done more with Java than you know" (= __ (class "warfare")) ; hint: try typing (javadoc "warfare") in the REPL - "The dot signifies easy and direct Java interoperation" + ; "The dot signifies easy and direct Java interoperation" (= __ (.toUpperCase "select * from")) - "But instance method calls are very different from normal functions" + ; "But instance method calls are very different from normal functions" (= ["SELECT" "FROM" "WHERE"] (map ___ ["select" "from" "where"])) - "Constructing might be harder than breaking" + ; "Constructing might be harder than breaking" (= 10 (let [latch (java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch. __)] (.getCount latch))) - "Static methods are slashing prices!" - (== __ (Math/pow 2 10))) + ; "Static methods are slashing prices!" + (== __ (Math/pow 2 10)) diff --git a/21_partition.clj b/21_partition.clj index 821ef09..f4790b7 100644 --- a/21_partition.clj +++ b/21_partition.clj @@ -1,21 +1,18 @@ -(ns koans.21-partition - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) -(meditations - "To split a collection you can use the partition function" + ; "To split a collection you can use the partition function" (= '((0 1) (2 3)) (__ 2 (range 4))) - "But watch out if there are not enough elements to form n sequences" + ; "But watch out if there are not enough elements to form n sequences" (= '(__) (partition 3 [:a :b :c :d :e])) - "You can use partition-all to include any leftovers too" + ; "You can use partition-all to include any leftovers too" (= __ (partition-all 3 (range 5))) - "If you need to, you can start each sequence with an offset" + ; "If you need to, you can start each sequence with an offset" (= '((0 1 2) (5 6 7) (10 11 12)) (partition 3 __ (range 13))) - "Consider padding the last sequence with some default values..." + ; "Consider padding the last sequence with some default values..." (= '((0 1 2) (3 4 5) (6 :hello)) (partition 3 3 [__] (range 7))) - "... but notice that they will only pad up to the given sequence length" - (= '((0 1 2) (3 4 5) __) (partition 3 3 [:these :are "my" "words"] (range 7)))) + ; "... but notice that they will only pad up to the given sequence length" + (= '((0 1 2) (3 4 5) __) (partition 3 3 [:these :are "my" "words"] (range 7))) diff --git a/22_group_by.clj b/22_group_by.clj index 01de423..8921031 100644 --- a/22_group_by.clj +++ b/22_group_by.clj @@ -1,26 +1,19 @@ -(ns koans.22-group-by - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) -(defn get-odds-and-evens [coll] - (let [{odds true evens false} (group-by __ coll)] - [odds evens])) - -(meditations - "To categorize a collection by some function, use group-by." + ; "To categorize a collection by some function, use group-by." (= __ (group-by count ["hello" "world" "foo" "bar"])) - "You can simulate filter + remove in one pass" + ; "You can simulate filter + remove in one pass" (= (get-odds-and-evens [1 2 3 4 5]) ((juxt filter remove) odd? [1 2 3 4 5]) [[1 3 5] [2 4]]) - "You can also group by a primary key" + ; "You can also group by a primary key" (= __ (group-by :id [{:id 1 :name "Bob"} {:id 2 :name "Jennifer"} {:id 1 :last-name "Smith"} ])) - "But be careful when you group by a non-required key" + ; "But be careful when you group by a non-required key" (= {"Bob" [{:name "Bob" :id 1}] "Jennifer" [{:name "Jennifer" :id 2}] __ [{:last-name "Smith" :id 1}]} @@ -28,9 +21,9 @@ {:id 2 :name "Jennifer"} {:id 1 :last-name "Smith"}])) - "The true power of group-by comes with custom functions" + ; "The true power of group-by comes with custom functions" (= __ (group-by #(if (:bad %) :naughty-list :nice-list) [{:name "Jimmy" :bad true} {:name "Jane" :bad false} - {:name "Joe" :bad true}]))) + {:name "Joe" :bad true}])) diff --git a/23_meta.clj b/23_meta.clj index df0274a..8041ead 100644 --- a/23_meta.clj +++ b/23_meta.clj @@ -1,18 +1,11 @@ -(ns koans.23-meta - (:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all])) -(def giants - (with-meta 'Giants - {:league "National League"})) - -(meditations - "Some objects can be tagged using the with-meta function" + ; "Some objects can be tagged using the with-meta function" (= __ (meta giants)) - "Or more succinctly with a reader macro" + ; "Or more succinctly with a reader macro" (= __ (meta '^{:division "West"} Giants)) - "While others can't" + ; "While others can't" (= __ (try (with-meta 2 @@ -20,18 +13,18 @@ (catch ClassCastException e "This doesn't implement the IObj interface"))) - "Notice when metadata carries over" + ; "Notice when metadata carries over" (= __ (meta (merge '^{:foo :bar} {:a 1 :b 2} {:b 3 :c 4}))) - "And when it doesn't" + ; "And when it doesn't" (= __ (meta (merge {:a 1 :b 2} '^{:foo :bar} {:b 3 :c 4}))) - "Metadata can be used as a type hint to avoid reflection during runtime" + ; "Metadata can be used as a type hint to avoid reflection during runtime" (= __ (#(.charAt ^String % 0) "Cast me")) - "You can directly update an object's metadata" + ; "You can directly update an object's metadata" (= 8 (let [giants (with-meta 'Giants @@ -39,13 +32,13 @@ (swap! (:world-series-titles (meta giants)) __) @(:world-series-titles (meta giants)))) - "You can also create a new object from another object with metadata" + ; "You can also create a new object from another object with metadata" (= {:league "National League" :park "AT&T Park"} (meta (vary-meta giants assoc __ __))) - "But it won't affect behavior like equality" + ; "But it won't affect behavior like equality" (= __ (vary-meta giants dissoc :league)) - "Or the object's printed representation" - (= __ (pr-str (vary-meta giants dissoc :league)))) + ; "Or the object's printed representation" + (= __ (pr-str (vary-meta giants dissoc :league))) From 666c8348f71fd2f8ba21cf6cc5c6c7581059febc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: frizzbolt Date: Fri, 26 Feb 2016 21:16:55 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 3/9] Add solutions to section 02 - strings --- 02_strings.clj | 44 +++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------- 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-) diff --git a/02_strings.clj b/02_strings.clj index 21a71e5..3d148f1 100644 --- a/02_strings.clj +++ b/02_strings.clj @@ -1,66 +1,68 @@ ; "A string is nothing more than text surrounded by double quotes" - (= __ "hello") + (= "hello" "hello") ; "But double quotes are just magic on top of something deeper" - (= __ (str 'world)) + (= "world" (str 'world)) ; "You can do more than create strings, you can put them together" - (= "Cool right?" (str __ __)) + (= "Cool right?" (str "Cool" " right?")) ;; J - Whitespace!! ; "You can even get certain characters" - (= \C (get "Characters" __)) + (= \C (get "Characters" 0)) ;; J - get returns character or item number at a given index ; "Or even count the characters" - (= __ (count "Hello World")) + (= 11 (count "Hello World")) ;; J - count returns the length of a string or list ; "But strings and characters are not the same" - (= __ (= \c "c")) + (= false (= \c "c")) ; "What if you only wanted to get part of a string?" - (= "World" (subs "Hello World" __ __)) + (= "World" (subs "Hello World" 6 11)) ;; J - subs returns a substring of a given string and can take + ;; two arguments. The the first one is the begining index of the + ;; substring and the second one is the last ; "How about joining together elements in a list?" - (= __ (string/join '(1 2 3))) + (= "123" (string/join '(1 2 3))) ; "What if you wanted to separate them out?" - (= "1, 2, 3" (string/join __ '(1 2 3))) + (= "1, 2, 3" (clojure.string/join ", " '(1 2 3))) ;; J - join does non seperate with whitespace by default ; "Maybe you want to separate out all your lines" - (= [__ __ __] (string/split-lines "1\n2\n3")) + (= ["1" "2" "3"] (clojure.string/split-lines "1\n2\n3")) ; "You may want to make sure your words are backwards" - (= __ (string/reverse "hello")) + (= "olleh" (string/reverse "hello")) ; "Maybe you want to find the index of the first occurence of a substring" - (= 0 (string/index-of "hello world" __)) + (= 0 (clojure.string/index-of "hello world" __)) ; "Or maybe the last index of the same" - (= __ (string/last-index-of "hello world, hello" "hello")) + (= __ (clojure.string/last-index-of "hello world, hello" "hello")) ; "But when something doesn't exist, nothing is found" - (= __ (string/index-of "hello world" "bob")) + (= (clojure.string/index-of "hello world" "bob")) ;; J - Errored out ; "Sometimes you don't want whitespace cluttering the front and back" - (= __ (string/trim " \nhello world \t \n")) + (= "hello world" (clojure.string/trim " \nhello world \t \n")) ; "You can check if something is a char" - (= __ (char? \c)) + (= true (char? \c)) ; "But it may not be" - (= __ (char? "a")) + (= false (char? "a")) ; "But chars aren't strings" - (= __ (string? \b)) + (= false (string? \b)) ; "Strings are strings" (= true (string? __)) ; "Some strings may be blank" - (= __ (string/blank? "")) + (= true (clojure.string/blank? "")) ; "Even if at first glance they aren't" - (= __ (string/blank? " \n \t ")) + (= true (clojure.string/blank? " \n \t ")) ; "However, most strings aren't blank" - (= __ (string/blank? "hello?\nare you out there?")) + (= false (clojure.string/blank? "hello?\nare you out there?")) From 9e028e7f001e12f0df1c08aba96d98cdb3847f2a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Josh Abrams Date: Fri, 26 Feb 2016 21:27:02 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 4/9] Create README.md --- README.md | 4 ++++ 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+) create mode 100644 README.md diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..73f0da9 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +# clojure-koans +This repo logs my solutions for the popular Clojure Koans series and serves as a way to mark my progress in learning the basics of clojure. + +There are comments in this repo that are marked with this convention: ```;; J - ```. These are simply notes and reminders that I have written to myself. From 4e846fd1ac8822fe64ed4fd17dec37aa8b68ad93 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: frizzbolt Date: Fri, 26 Feb 2016 21:30:56 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 5/9] Fix readme.md typo --- README.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/README.md b/README.md index 73f0da9..931fba9 100644 --- a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ # clojure-koans -This repo logs my solutions for the popular Clojure Koans series and serves as a way to mark my progress in learning the basics of clojure. +This repo logs my solutions for the popular Clojure Koans series and serves as a way to mark my progress as I learn the basics of Clojure. There are comments in this repo that are marked with this convention: ```;; J - ```. These are simply notes and reminders that I have written to myself. From 4870e10205c70b8c05fe7026e2c9883c0a1e3a98 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: frizzbolt Date: Sat, 27 Feb 2016 13:34:11 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 6/9] Add solutions to section 03-lists --- 03_lists.clj | 30 ++++++++++++++++++------------ 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-) diff --git a/03_lists.clj b/03_lists.clj index adb3ae0..e9bdd8d 100644 --- a/03_lists.clj +++ b/03_lists.clj @@ -1,42 +1,48 @@ ; "Lists can be expressed by function or a quoted form" - (= '(__ __ __ __ __) (list 1 2 3 4 5)) + (= '(1 2 3 4 5) (list 1 2 3 4 5)) ; "They are Clojure seqs (sequences), so they allow access to the first" - (= __ (first '(1 2 3 4 5))) + (= 1 (first '(1 2 3 4 5))) ; "As well as the rest" - (= __ (rest '(1 2 3 4 5))) + (= 2 3 4 5 (rest '(1 2 3 4 5))) ;; J - ; "Count your blessings" - (= __ (count '(dracula dooku chocula))) + (= 3 (count '(dracula dooku chocula))) ; "Before they are gone" - (= __ (count '())) + (= 0 (count '())) ; "The rest, when nothing is left, is empty" - (= __ (rest '(100))) + (= (rest '(100))) ;; J - returns nothing. ; "Construction by adding an element to the front is easy" - (= __ (cons :a '(:b :c :d :e))) + (= :a :b :c :d :e (cons :a '(:b :c :d :e))) ;; J - cons add's the element on the left to the beginning + ;; of the list on the right and returns a seq. + ;;(EX: (cons [1 2] '(3 4 5)) => '([1 2] 3 4 5) ; "Conjoining an element to a list isn't hard either" - (= __ (conj '(:a :b :c :d) :e)) + (= :a :b :c :d :e (conj '(:a :b :c :d) :e)) + ;; J - conj works like cons, but takes any number of arguments from + ;; the right and adds them to the beginning of the list on the left + ;; returning them in the structure of whatever the list on the left is defined + ;; as originally. (EX: (conj [4 5 6] 1 2 3) => [1 2 3 4 5 6] ; "You can use a list like a stack to get the first element" - (= __ (peek '(:a :b :c :d :e))) + (= :a (peek '(:a :b :c :d :e))) ;; J - returns the first element ; "Or the others" - (= __ (pop '(:a :b :c :d :e))) + (= (:b) (pop '(:a :b :c :d :e))) ;; J - pops the first element and returns the others as a seq ; "But watch out if you try to pop nothing" - (= __ (try + (= (try ;; J - Catch raises an error similar to 'raise' in Ruby. (pop '()) (catch IllegalStateException e "No dice!"))) ; "The rest of nothing isn't so strict" - (= __ (try + (= () (try (rest '()) (catch IllegalStateException e "No dice!"))) From afbf223a8668311208b18388185fa4e7845fb9e3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: frizzbolt Date: Sat, 27 Feb 2016 14:53:16 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 7/9] Add solutions to section 04-vectors, 05-sets and 06-maps --- 04_vectors.clj | 18 +++++++++--------- 05_sets.clj | 12 ++++++------ 06_maps.clj | 40 +++++++++++++++++++++------------------- 3 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 34 deletions(-) diff --git a/04_vectors.clj b/04_vectors.clj index 2c87c4e..5d5ed27 100644 --- a/04_vectors.clj +++ b/04_vectors.clj @@ -1,30 +1,30 @@ ; "You can use vectors in clojure as array-like structures" - (= __ (count [42])) + (= 1 (count [42])) ; "You can create a vector from a list" - (= __ (vec '(1))) + (= [1] (vec '(1))) ; "Or from some elements" - (= __ (vector nil nil)) + (= [nil nil] (vector nil nil)) ; "But you can populate it with any number of elements at once" - (= [1 __] (vec '(1 2))) + (= [1 2] (vec '(1 2))) ; "Conjoining to a vector is different than to a list" (= __ (conj [111 222] 333)) ; "You can get the first element of a vector like so" - (= __ (first [:peanut :butter :and :jelly])) + (= :peanut (first [:peanut :butter :and :jelly])) ; "And the last in a similar fashion" - (= __ (last [:peanut :butter :and :jelly])) + (= :jelly (last [:peanut :butter :and :jelly])) ; "Or any index if you wish" - (= __ (nth [:peanut :butter :and :jelly] 3)) + (= :jelly (nth [:peanut :butter :and :jelly] 3)) ;; J - index #'s still start with 0 in Clojure. ; "You can also slice a vector" - (= __ (subvec [:peanut :butter :and :jelly] 1 3)) + (= [:butter :and] (subvec [:peanut :butter :and :jelly] 1 3)) ;; J - slicing with subvec includes first index arg and excludes second ; "Equality with collections is in terms of values" - (= (list 1 2 3) (vector 1 2 __)) + (= true (list 1 2 3) (vector 1 2 3)) ;; J - lists and vectors are comparable. diff --git a/05_sets.clj b/05_sets.clj index 744cd4d..63f920b 100644 --- a/05_sets.clj +++ b/05_sets.clj @@ -1,18 +1,18 @@ ; "You can create a set by converting another collection" - (= #{3} (set __)) + (= #{3} (set [3])) ; "Counting them is like counting other collections" - (= __ (count #{1 2 3})) + (= 3 (count #{1 2 3})) ; "Remember that a set is a *mathematical* set" - (= __ (set '(1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5))) + (= #{1 2 3 4 5} (set '(1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5))) ;; J - This creates a unique ORDERED set so it's always sorted. ; "You can ask clojure for the union of two sets" - (= __ (set/union #{1 2 3 4} #{2 3 5})) + (= #{1 2 3 4 5} (set/union #{1 2 3 4} #{2 3 5})) ;; J - Uniting sets still orders them and keeps elements unique ; "And also the intersection" - (= __ (set/intersection #{1 2 3 4} #{2 3 5})) + (= #{2 3} (set/intersection #{1 2 3 4} #{2 3 5})) ;; J - Creates a new set of common elements. ; "But don't forget about the difference" - (= __ (set/difference #{1 2 3 4 5} #{2 3 5})) + (= #{1 4} (set/difference #{1 2 3 4 5} #{2 3 5})) diff --git a/06_maps.clj b/06_maps.clj index b9f8b61..1e745cb 100644 --- a/06_maps.clj +++ b/06_maps.clj @@ -1,47 +1,49 @@ ; "Don't get lost when creating a map" - (= {:a 1 :b 2} (hash-map :a 1 __ __)) - + (= {:a 1 :b 2} (hash-map :a 1 :b 2)) ;; J - Hash maps are key-value pairs defined as a linear + ;; sequence. {key value key2 value2} etc. ; "A value must be supplied for each key" - (= {:a 1} (hash-map :a __)) + (= {:a 1} (hash-map :a 1)) ; "The size is the number of entries" - (= __ (count {:a 1 :b 2})) + (= 2 (count {:a 1 :b 2})) ; "You can look up the value for a given key" - (= __ (get {:a 1 :b 2} :b)) + (= 2 (get {:a 1 :b 2} :b)) ; "Maps can be used as functions to do lookups" - (= __ ({:a 1 :b 2} :a)) + (= 1 ({:a 1 :b 2} :a)) ;; J - This is a bit confusing, but it essentially amounts to a keyword placed + ;; on either side of a hash-map returning the key-word's matching value, the difference + ;; being that the left object is called as a function on the right. ; "And so can keywords" - (= __ (:a {:a 1 :b 2})) + (= 1 (:a {:a 1 :b 2})) ; "But map keys need not be keywords" - (= __ ({2010 "Vancouver" 2014 "Sochi" 2018 "PyeongChang"} 2014)) + (= "Sochi" ({2010 "Vancouver" 2014 "Sochi" 2018 "PyeongChang"} 2014)) ; "You may not be able to find an entry for a key" - (= __ (get {:a 1 :b 2} :c)) + (= nil (get {:a 1 :b 2} :c)) ;; J - This caused a considerable delay in the REPL. ; "But you can provide your own default" - (= __ (get {:a 1 :b 2} :c :key-not-found)) + (= :key-not-found (get {:a 1 :b 2} :c :key-not-found)) ;; J - The third argument for get is the default. ; "You can find out if a key is present" - (= __ (contains? {:a nil :b nil} :b)) + (= true (contains? {:a nil :b nil} :b)) ; "Or if it is missing" - (= __ (contains? {:a nil :b nil} :c)) + (= false (contains? {:a nil :b nil} :c)) ; "Maps are immutable, but you can create a new and improved version" - (= {1 "January" 2 __} (assoc {1 "January"} 2 "February")) + (= {1 "January" 2 "February"} (assoc {1 "January"} 2 "February")) ; "You can also create a new version with an entry removed" - (= {__ __} (dissoc {1 "January" 2 "February"} 2)) + (= {1 "January"} (dissoc {1 "January" 2 "February"} 2)) ;; J - This can take any number of keys to dissociate. ; "Often you will need to get the keys, but the order is undependable" - (= (list __ __ __) - (sort (keys { 2014 "Sochi" 2018 "PyeongChang" 2010 "Vancouver"}))) - + (= (list 2010 2014 2018) + (sort (keys { 2014 "Sochi" 2018 "PyeongChang" 2010 "Vancouver"}))) ;; J - If you don't sort these, they are + ;; essentially returned in random order. ; "You can get the values in a similar way" - (= (list __ __ __) - (sort (vals {2010 "Vancouver" 2014 "Sochi" 2018 "PyeongChang"}))) + (= (list "PyeongChang" "Vancouver" "PyeongChang") + (sort (vals {2010 "Vancouver" 2014 "Sochi" 2018 "PyeongChang"}))) ;; J - Sorts numerically or alphabetically From 100b4a65c56b5088b808ffc5ef43a14e3c10c593 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: frizzbolt Date: Sun, 28 Feb 2016 17:33:46 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 8/9] Add solutions to section 07-functions --- 07_functions.clj | 22 ++++++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-) diff --git a/07_functions.clj b/07_functions.clj index c54bfd6..2597e8c 100644 --- a/07_functions.clj +++ b/07_functions.clj @@ -1,32 +1,34 @@ ; "Calling a function is like giving it a hug with parentheses" - (= __ (square 9)) + (= (square 9)) ; "Functions are usually defined before they are used" - (= __ (multiply-by-ten 2)) + (= (multiply-by-ten 2)) ; "But they can also be defined inline" - (= __ ((fn [n] (* 5 n)) 2)) + (= 10 ((fn [n] (* 5 n)) 2)) ; "Or using an even shorter syntax" - (= __ (#(* 15 %) 4)) + (= 60 (#(* 15 %) 4)) ;; J - This is an important bit of sugar to memorize. + ;; To make it easy, '#' initiates the declaration of an anonymous function + ;; and % is the argument. So, in this case, # replaces 'fn [n]' and '%' replaces n ; "Even anonymous functions may take multiple arguments" - (= __ (#(+ %1 %2 %3) 4 5 6)) + (= 15 (#(+ %1 %2 %3) 4 5 6)) ; "Arguments can also be skipped" - (= __ (#(* 15 %2) 1 2)) + (= 30 (#(* 15 %2) 1 2)) ; "One function can beget another" - (= 9 (((fn [] ___)) 4 5)) + (= 9 ((fn [] ((fn [a b] (+ a b)) 4 5)))) ; "Functions can also take other functions as input" (= 20 ((fn [f] (f 4 5)) - ___)) + *)) ;; J - Mathematical operators in Clojure serve as functions. ; "Higher-order functions take function arguments" - (= 25 (___ + (= 25 (#(% 5) (fn [n] (* n n)))) ; "But they are often better written using the names of functions" - (= 25 (___ square)) + (= 25 (defn square [n] (* n n))) From a212416ce2092b671b99625e5fd2476b81570424 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: frizzbolt Date: Mon, 29 Feb 2016 17:25:51 -0600 Subject: [PATCH 9/9] Add solutions to section 08-conditionals and 09-higher-order-functions --- 08_conditionals.clj | 31 +++++++++++++++++++------------ 09_higher_order_functions.clj | 21 +++++++++++---------- 2 files changed, 30 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-) diff --git a/08_conditionals.clj b/08_conditionals.clj index 6681c91..cdc6964 100644 --- a/08_conditionals.clj +++ b/08_conditionals.clj @@ -1,37 +1,44 @@ +(defn explain-exercise-velocity [exercise-term] + (case exercise-term + :ten-mph :pretty-fast + :watching-tv :not-so-fast)) + + ; "You will face many decisions" - (= __ (if (false? (= 4 5)) + (= :a (if (false? (= 4 5)) :a :b)) ; "Some of them leave you no alternative" - (= __ (if (> 4 3) - [])) + (= [] (if (> 4 3) ;; J - This is the equivalent of an if statement without an else. + [])) ;; returns nil if false as seen below. ; "And in such a situation you may have nothing" - (= __ (if (nil? 0) + (= nil (if (nil? 0) [:a :b :c])) ; "In others your alternative may be interesting" (= :glory (if (not (empty? ())) :doom - __)) + :glory)) ; "You may have a multitude of possible paths" (let [x 5] - (= :your-road (cond (= x __) :road-not-taken - (= x __) :another-road-not-taken - :else __))) + (= :your-road (cond (= x 3) :road-not-taken + (= x 2) :another-road-not-taken + :else :your-road))) ;; J - The syntax and formatting of this statement + ;; are crucial in writing these statements correctly. ; "Or your fate may be sealed" - (= 'doom (if-not (zero? __) + (= 'doom (if-not (zero? 1) 'doom 'more-doom)) ; "In case of emergency, go fast" - (= "pretty fast" - (explain-exercise-velocity __)) + (= :pretty-fast + (explain-exercise-velocity :ten-mph)) ; "But admit it when you don't know what to do" - (= __ + (= :not-so-fast (explain-exercise-velocity :watching-tv)) diff --git a/09_higher_order_functions.clj b/09_higher_order_functions.clj index 7565b0a..087e3b2 100644 --- a/09_higher_order_functions.clj +++ b/09_higher_order_functions.clj @@ -1,32 +1,33 @@ ; "The map function relates a sequence to another" - (= [__ __ __] (map (fn [x] (* 4 x)) [1 2 3])) + (= [4 8 12] (map (fn [x] (* 4 x)) [1 2 3])) ; "You may create that mapping" - (= [1 4 9 16 25] (map (fn [x] __) [1 2 3 4 5])) + (= [1 4 9 16 25] (map (fn [x] (* x x)) [1 2 3 4 5])) ; "Or use the names of existing functions" - (= __ (map nil? [:a :b nil :c :d])) + (= '(false false true false false) (map nil? [:a :b nil :c :d])) ; "A filter can be strong" - (= __ (filter (fn [x] false) '(:anything :goes :here))) + (= () (filter (fn [x] false) '(:anything :goes :here))) ; "Or very weak" - (= __ (filter (fn [x] true) '(:anything :goes :here))) + (= '(:anything :goes :here) (filter (fn [x] true) '(:anything :goes :here))) ; "Or somewhere in between" - (= [10 20 30] (filter (fn [x] __) [10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80])) + (= [10 20 30] (filter (fn [x] (<= x 30)) [10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80])) ; "Maps and filters may be combined" - (= [10 20 30] (map (fn [x] __) (filter (fn [x] __) [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8]))) + (= [10 20 30] (map (fn [x] (* x 10)) + (filter (fn [x] (<= x 3)) [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8]))) ; "Reducing can increase the result" - (= __ (reduce (fn [a b] (* a b)) [1 2 3 4])) + (= 24 (reduce (fn [a b] (* a b)) [1 2 3 4])) ; "You can start somewhere else" - (= 2400 (reduce (fn [a b] (* a b)) __ [1 2 3 4])) + (= 2400 (reduce (fn [a b] (* a b)) (cons 100 [1 2 3 4]))) ; "Numbers are not the only things one can reduce" (= "longest" (reduce (fn [a b] - (if (< __ __) b a)) + (if (< (count a)) b a)) ["which" "word" "is" "longest"]))