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No commits in common. "master" and "0.4.6" have entirely different histories.
40 changed files with 370 additions and 1150 deletions
204
.gitignore
vendored
204
.gitignore
vendored
|
|
@ -1,206 +1,8 @@
|
||||||
*~
|
|
||||||
bin
|
bin
|
||||||
|
classes
|
||||||
|
lib
|
||||||
releases
|
releases
|
||||||
|
target
|
||||||
*.jar
|
*.jar
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Created by https://www.gitignore.io/api/clojure,osx,linux,windows,leiningen,intellij,eclipse,sublimetext
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Clojure ###
|
|
||||||
pom.xml
|
|
||||||
pom.xml.asc
|
|
||||||
*jar
|
|
||||||
/lib/
|
|
||||||
/classes/
|
|
||||||
/target/
|
|
||||||
/checkouts/
|
|
||||||
.lein-deps-sum
|
|
||||||
.lein-repl-history
|
|
||||||
.lein-plugins/
|
|
||||||
.lein-failures
|
|
||||||
.nrepl-port
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### OSX ###
|
|
||||||
.DS_Store
|
.DS_Store
|
||||||
.AppleDouble
|
|
||||||
.LSOverride
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Icon must end with two \r
|
|
||||||
Icon
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Thumbnails
|
|
||||||
._*
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Files that might appear in the root of a volume
|
|
||||||
.DocumentRevisions-V100
|
|
||||||
.fseventsd
|
|
||||||
.Spotlight-V100
|
|
||||||
.TemporaryItems
|
|
||||||
.Trashes
|
|
||||||
.VolumeIcon.icns
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Directories potentially created on remote AFP share
|
|
||||||
.AppleDB
|
|
||||||
.AppleDesktop
|
|
||||||
Network Trash Folder
|
|
||||||
Temporary Items
|
|
||||||
.apdisk
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Linux ###
|
|
||||||
*~
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# KDE directory preferences
|
|
||||||
.directory
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Linux trash folder which might appear on any partition or disk
|
|
||||||
.Trash-*
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Windows ###
|
|
||||||
# Windows image file caches
|
|
||||||
Thumbs.db
|
|
||||||
ehthumbs.db
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Folder config file
|
|
||||||
Desktop.ini
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Recycle Bin used on file shares
|
|
||||||
$RECYCLE.BIN/
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Windows Installer files
|
|
||||||
*.cab
|
|
||||||
*.msi
|
|
||||||
*.msm
|
|
||||||
*.msp
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Windows shortcuts
|
|
||||||
*.lnk
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Leiningen ###
|
|
||||||
pom.xml
|
|
||||||
pom.xml.asc
|
|
||||||
*jar
|
|
||||||
/lib/
|
|
||||||
/classes/
|
|
||||||
/target/
|
|
||||||
/checkouts/
|
|
||||||
.lein-deps-sum
|
.lein-deps-sum
|
||||||
.lein-repl-history
|
|
||||||
.lein-plugins/
|
|
||||||
.lein-failures
|
|
||||||
.nrepl-port
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Intellij ###
|
|
||||||
# Covers JetBrains IDEs: IntelliJ, RubyMine, PhpStorm, AppCode, PyCharm, CLion, Android Studio
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*.iml
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Directory-based project format:
|
|
||||||
.idea/
|
|
||||||
# if you remove the above rule, at least ignore the following:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# User-specific stuff:
|
|
||||||
# .idea/workspace.xml
|
|
||||||
# .idea/tasks.xml
|
|
||||||
# .idea/dictionaries
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Sensitive or high-churn files:
|
|
||||||
# .idea/dataSources.ids
|
|
||||||
# .idea/dataSources.xml
|
|
||||||
# .idea/sqlDataSources.xml
|
|
||||||
# .idea/dynamic.xml
|
|
||||||
# .idea/uiDesigner.xml
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Gradle:
|
|
||||||
# .idea/gradle.xml
|
|
||||||
# .idea/libraries
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Mongo Explorer plugin:
|
|
||||||
# .idea/mongoSettings.xml
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## File-based project format:
|
|
||||||
*.ipr
|
|
||||||
*.iws
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Plugin-specific files:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# IntelliJ
|
|
||||||
/out/
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# mpeltonen/sbt-idea plugin
|
|
||||||
.idea_modules/
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# JIRA plugin
|
|
||||||
atlassian-ide-plugin.xml
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Crashlytics plugin (for Android Studio and IntelliJ)
|
|
||||||
com_crashlytics_export_strings.xml
|
|
||||||
crashlytics.properties
|
|
||||||
crashlytics-build.properties
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Eclipse ###
|
|
||||||
*.pydevproject
|
|
||||||
.metadata
|
|
||||||
.gradle
|
|
||||||
bin/
|
|
||||||
tmp/
|
|
||||||
*.tmp
|
|
||||||
*.bak
|
|
||||||
*.swp
|
|
||||||
*~.nib
|
|
||||||
local.properties
|
|
||||||
.settings/
|
|
||||||
.loadpath
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Eclipse Core
|
|
||||||
.project
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# External tool builders
|
|
||||||
.externalToolBuilders/
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Locally stored "Eclipse launch configurations"
|
|
||||||
*.launch
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# CDT-specific
|
|
||||||
.cproject
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# JDT-specific (Eclipse Java Development Tools)
|
|
||||||
.classpath
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Java annotation processor (APT)
|
|
||||||
.factorypath
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# PDT-specific
|
|
||||||
.buildpath
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# sbteclipse plugin
|
|
||||||
.target
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# TeXlipse plugin
|
|
||||||
.texlipse
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### SublimeText ###
|
|
||||||
# cache files for sublime text
|
|
||||||
*.tmlanguage.cache
|
|
||||||
*.tmPreferences.cache
|
|
||||||
*.stTheme.cache
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# workspace files are user-specific
|
|
||||||
*.sublime-workspace
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# project files should be checked into the repository, unless a significant
|
|
||||||
# proportion of contributors will probably not be using SublimeText
|
|
||||||
# *.sublime-project
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# sftp configuration file
|
|
||||||
sftp-config.json
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Vagrant
|
|
||||||
.vagrant/
|
|
||||||
ubuntu-xenial-16.04-cloudimg-console.log
|
|
||||||
152
README.md
152
README.md
|
|
@ -1,125 +1,86 @@
|
||||||
# Clojure Koans
|
# Clojure Koans
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The Clojure Koans are a fun way to get started with Clojure - no experience
|
The Clojure Koans are a fun and easy way to get started with Clojure - no
|
||||||
assumed or required. Follow the instructions below to start making tests pass!
|
experience assumed or required. Just follow the instructions below to start
|
||||||
|
making tests pass!
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Getting Started
|
### Getting Started
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
I recommend starting from a cloned or forked repo. This way you'll be able to
|
The easiest and fastest way to get the koans up and running is to [download the
|
||||||
track your progress in Git. You might want to create your own branch - that way
|
latest zip file from Github](https://github.com/functional-koans/clojure-koans/downloads).
|
||||||
if you pull back the latest koans from master, it'll be a bit easier to manage
|
This way, you'll have all the dependencies you need, including Clojure itself
|
||||||
the inevitable conflicts if we make changes to exercises you've already
|
and JLine, and you can skip the rest of this section (skip to "Running the
|
||||||
|
Koans").
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
If you're starting from a cloned or forked repo, that's cool too. This way
|
||||||
|
you'll be able to track your progress in Git, and see how your answers compare
|
||||||
|
to others, by checking out the project's Network tab. You might want to create your
|
||||||
|
own branch - that way if you pull back the latest koans from master, it'll be a bit
|
||||||
|
easier to manage the inevitable conflicts if we make changes to exercises you've already
|
||||||
completed.
|
completed.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You have a few options for installation:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- Install the dependencies for the koans (such as Clojure) on your machine
|
|
||||||
- Use Vagrant and the configuration in this repository
|
|
||||||
- Use Docker
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Instructions for each option are below!
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Installation on Your Machine
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The only things you'll need to run the Clojure Koans are:
|
The only things you'll need to run the Clojure Koans are:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- JDK (I suggest version 8, but anything 6 or above should work fine)
|
- JRE 1.5 or higher
|
||||||
- [Leiningen](http://github.com/technomancy/leiningen), a build tool for Clojure
|
- [clojure-1.3.0.jar](http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/clojure/clojure/1.3.0/clojure-1.3.0.zip)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Once you've cloned this repo and installed the dependencies, you can run:
|
clojure-1.3.0.jar needs to be in a directory `lib` under this project.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
You can use [Leiningen](http://github.com/technomancy/leiningen) to
|
||||||
lein repl
|
automatically install the Clojure jar in the right place. Leiningen will also
|
||||||
```
|
get you a couple more jarfiles, including JLine, which allows you some of the
|
||||||
|
functionality of readline (command-line history, for example).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
to make sure all the dependencies get downloaded properly (and then `(exit)`
|
After you have leiningen installed, run
|
||||||
when you want to quit). See below for details on the REPL.
|
|
||||||
|
`lein deps`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
which will download all dependencies you need to run the Clojure koans.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Installation with Vagrant
|
### Running the Koans
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Make sure you have [Vagrant](https://www.vagrantup.com/) and
|
To run the koans, simply run
|
||||||
[VirtualBox](https://www.virtualbox.org) installed.
|
|
||||||
In the root directory of the project, execute:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
`script/run` on Mac/\*nix
|
||||||
vagrant up
|
|
||||||
vagrant ssh
|
|
||||||
cd /vagrant
|
|
||||||
lein koan run
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`script\run` on Windows
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
### Installation with Docker
|
It's an auto-runner, so as you save your files with the correct answers, it will
|
||||||
|
advance you to the next koan or file.
|
||||||
Once you've got [Docker](https://www.docker.com/) installed, you're basically
|
|
||||||
all set. You can run these commands to get started:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
To run koans:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
docker run --rm -it -v $(pwd):/app -w /app clojure lein koan run
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
To start up a REPL:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
docker run --rm -it -v $(pwd):/app -w /app clojure lein repl
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Running the Koans
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Run the koans via:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
`lein koan run`
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
If want to run directly from a REPL, once you are inside the `lein repl` prompt you can run the koans with
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
`(exec "run")`
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Either way, it's an auto-runner, so as you save your files with the correct
|
|
||||||
answers, it will advance you to the next koan or file (conveniently, all files
|
|
||||||
are prefixed with the sequence that you should follow).
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You'll see something like this:
|
You'll see something like this:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Now meditate on /home/colin/Projects/clojure-koans/src/koans/01_equalities.clj:3
|
Problem in /home/colin/Projects/clojure-koans/src/koans/equalities.clj
|
||||||
---------------------
|
---------------------
|
||||||
Assertion failed!
|
Assertion failed!
|
||||||
We shall contemplate truth by testing reality, via equality.
|
We shall contemplate truth by testing reality, via equality.
|
||||||
(= __ true)
|
(= __ true)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The output is telling you that you have a failing test in the file named
|
The output is telling you that you have a failing test in equalities.clj.
|
||||||
`01_equalities.clj`, on line 3. So you need to open that file up and make
|
So open that file up and make it pass! In general, you just fill in the
|
||||||
it pass! You'll always be filling in the blanks to make tests pass.
|
blanks to make tests pass. Sometimes there are several (or even an infinite
|
||||||
Sometimes there could be several correct answers (or even an infinite number):
|
number) of correct answers: any of them will work in these cases.
|
||||||
any of them will work in these cases. Some tests will pass even if you replace
|
|
||||||
the blanks with whitespace (or nothing) instead of the expected answer. Make sure
|
|
||||||
you give one correct expression to replace each blank.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The koans differ from normal TDD in that the tests are already written for you,
|
The koans differ from normal TDD in that the tests are already written for you,
|
||||||
so you'll have to pay close attention to the failure messages, because up until
|
so you'll have to pay close attention to the failure messages, because up until
|
||||||
the very end, making a test pass means that the next failure message comes
|
the very end, making a test pass just means that the next failure message comes
|
||||||
up.
|
up.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
While it might be easy (especially at first) to fill in the blanks making
|
While it might be easy (especially at first) to just fill in the blanks making
|
||||||
things pass, you should work thoughtfully, making sure you understand why the
|
things pass, you should work thoughtfully, making sure you understand why the
|
||||||
answer is what it is. Enjoy your path to Clojure enlightenment!
|
answer is what it is. Enjoy your path to Clojure enlightenment!
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Trying more things out
|
### Trying more things out
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
It's very useful to try things out in a REPL (Read-Evaluate-Print Loop)
|
There's a REPL (Read-Evaluate-Print Loop) included in the Clojure Koans. Just
|
||||||
whenever you get stuck or curious. Run:
|
run:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
```
|
`script/repl` on Mac/\*nix
|
||||||
lein repl
|
|
||||||
```
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
and you'll be able to type expressions in, and see what output they produce.
|
`script\repl` on Windows
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Here are some interesting commands you might try, once you're in a running REPL:
|
Here are some interesting commands you might try, once you're in a running REPL:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -138,46 +99,41 @@ And if those still don't make sense:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
will show you what those commands mean.
|
will show you what those commands mean.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
You can exit the REPL with `CTRL-d`, `(exit)`, or `(quit)`.
|
You can exit the REPL with `CTRL-d` on any OS.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Contributing
|
### Contributing
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Patches are encouraged! Make sure the answer sheet still passes
|
Patches are encouraged! Make sure the answer sheet still passes (`script/test`,
|
||||||
(`lein koan test`), and send a pull request.
|
or `script\test` on Windows), and send a pull request.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The file ideaboard.txt has lots of good ideas for new koans to start, or things
|
The file ideaboard.txt has lots of good ideas for new koans to start, or things
|
||||||
to add to existing koans. So write some fun exercises, add your answers to
|
to add to existing koans. So write some fun exercises, add your answers to
|
||||||
`resources/koans.clj`, and we'll get them in there!
|
`resources/koans.clj`, and we'll get them in there!
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Please follow the guidelines in
|
|
||||||
http://tbaggery.com/2008/04/19/a-note-about-git-commit-messages.html for
|
|
||||||
commit messages, and put your code in a feature branch (not master) before
|
|
||||||
making the pull request. This makes patches easier to review.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Feel free to contact me (Colin Jones / trptcolin) on Github or elsewhere if you
|
Feel free to contact me (Colin Jones / trptcolin) on Github or elsewhere if you
|
||||||
have any questions or want more direction before you start pitching in.
|
have any questions or want more direction before you start pitching in.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Contributors
|
### Contributors
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
https://github.com/functional-koans/clojure-koans/contributors
|
https://github.com/functional-koans/clojure-koans/contributors
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## Credits
|
### Credits
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
These exercises were started by [Aaron Bedra](http://github.com/abedra) of
|
These exercises were started by [Aaron Bedra](http://github.com/abedra) of
|
||||||
[Relevance, Inc.](http://github.com/relevance) in early 2010, as a learning
|
[Relevance, Inc.](http://github.com/relevance) in early 2010, as a learning
|
||||||
tool for newcomers to functional programming. Aaron's macro-fu makes these
|
tool for newcomers to functional programming. Aaron's macro-fu makes these
|
||||||
koans clear and fun to use and improve upon, and without Relevance's
|
koans extremely simple and fun to use, and to improve upon, and without
|
||||||
initiative, this project would not exist.
|
Relevance's initiative, this project would not exist.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Using the [koans](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/koan) metaphor as a tool for
|
Using the [koans](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/koan) metaphor as a tool for
|
||||||
learning a programming language started with the
|
learning a programming language started with the
|
||||||
[Ruby Koans](http://rubykoans.com) by [EdgeCase](http://github.com/edgecase).
|
[Ruby Koans](http://rubykoans.com) by [EdgeCase](http://github.com/edgecase).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
## License
|
### License
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
The use and distribution terms for this software are covered by the
|
The use and distribution terms for this software are covered by the
|
||||||
Eclipse Public License 1.0 (http://opensource.org/licenses/eclipse-1.0.php)
|
Eclipse Public License 1.0 (http://opensource.org/licenses/eclipse-1.0.php)
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
31
Vagrantfile
vendored
31
Vagrantfile
vendored
|
|
@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
|
|
||||||
config.vm.box = "ubuntu/xenial64"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.33"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
|
|
||||||
vb.memory = "1024"
|
|
||||||
end
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
|
|
||||||
set -x
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#apt-get update
|
|
||||||
#apt-get upgrade -y
|
|
||||||
apt-get install -y openjdk-8-jdk
|
|
||||||
SHELL
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
config.vm.provision "shell", privileged: false, inline: <<-SHELL
|
|
||||||
pwd
|
|
||||||
mkdir bin
|
|
||||||
echo "PATH=\$PATH:~/bin" >> .bashrc
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
cd bin
|
|
||||||
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/technomancy/leiningen/stable/bin/lein
|
|
||||||
chmod +x lein
|
|
||||||
./lein
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
cd /vagrant
|
|
||||||
~/bin/lein deps
|
|
||||||
SHELL
|
|
||||||
end
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,16 +1,13 @@
|
||||||
Concepts / Language Features
|
Concepts / Language Features
|
||||||
=====
|
=====
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
new record syntax
|
new record syntax
|
||||||
Agents
|
Agents
|
||||||
Vars
|
Vars
|
||||||
state identity lifetime
|
state identity lifetime
|
||||||
|
Metadata
|
||||||
immutability / side effects
|
immutability / side effects
|
||||||
type hints
|
type hints
|
||||||
Pre and Post conditions of functions
|
Pre and Post conditions of functions
|
||||||
ex-info/ex-data
|
|
||||||
reducers (?)
|
|
||||||
transducers (?) - maybe just some basic ones, nothing too crazy
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Particular Functions
|
Particular Functions
|
||||||
=====
|
=====
|
||||||
|
|
@ -21,9 +18,11 @@ flatten
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
frequencies
|
frequencies
|
||||||
reductions
|
reductions
|
||||||
|
group-by
|
||||||
keep
|
keep
|
||||||
keep-indexed
|
keep-indexed
|
||||||
map-indexed
|
map-indexed
|
||||||
partition-all
|
partition-all
|
||||||
partition-by
|
partition-by
|
||||||
repeatedly
|
repeatedly
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
14
project.clj
14
project.clj
|
|
@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
|
||||||
(defproject clojure-koans "0.5.2-SNAPSHOT"
|
(defproject clojure-koans "0.4.6"
|
||||||
:description "The Clojure koans."
|
:description "The Clojure koans."
|
||||||
:dependencies [[org.clojure/clojure "1.10.0"]
|
:dependencies [[org.clojure/clojure "1.3.0"]
|
||||||
[koan-engine "0.2.5"]]
|
[koan-engine "0.1.2"]]
|
||||||
:dev-dependencies [[lein-koan "0.1.5"]]
|
:dev-dependencies [[lein-koan "0.1.2"]]
|
||||||
:profiles {:dev {:dependencies [[lein-koan "0.1.5"]]}}
|
:profiles {:dev {:dependencies [[lein-koan "0.1.2"]]}}
|
||||||
:repl-options {:init-ns koan-engine.runner
|
:plugins [[lein-koan "0.1.2"]]
|
||||||
:init ^:displace (do (use '[koan-engine.core]))}
|
|
||||||
:plugins [[lein-koan "0.1.5"]]
|
|
||||||
:main koan-engine.runner/exec)
|
:main koan-engine.runner/exec)
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,111 +1,77 @@
|
||||||
[["01_equalities" {"__" [true
|
[["01_equalities" {"__" [true
|
||||||
2
|
2
|
||||||
|
7
|
||||||
5
|
5
|
||||||
true
|
4/2
|
||||||
false
|
false
|
||||||
true
|
6/3
|
||||||
true
|
|
||||||
false
|
|
||||||
"hello"
|
|
||||||
"hello"
|
|
||||||
nil
|
|
||||||
3]}]
|
3]}]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["02_strings" {"__" ["hello"
|
["02_lists" {"__" [1 2 3 4 5
|
||||||
"world"
|
|
||||||
"Cool "
|
|
||||||
"right?"
|
|
||||||
0
|
|
||||||
11
|
|
||||||
false
|
|
||||||
6 11
|
|
||||||
"123"
|
|
||||||
", "
|
|
||||||
"1" "2" "3"
|
|
||||||
"olleh"
|
|
||||||
"hello"
|
|
||||||
13
|
|
||||||
nil
|
|
||||||
"hello world"
|
|
||||||
true
|
|
||||||
false
|
|
||||||
false
|
|
||||||
"a"
|
|
||||||
true
|
|
||||||
true
|
|
||||||
false]}]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["03_lists" {"__" [1 2 3 4 5
|
|
||||||
1
|
1
|
||||||
[2 3 4 5]
|
[2 3 4 5]
|
||||||
3
|
|
||||||
0
|
|
||||||
()
|
()
|
||||||
[:a :b :c :d :e]
|
[:a :b :c :d :e]
|
||||||
[:e :a :b :c :d]
|
[0 :a :b :c :d :e]
|
||||||
:a
|
:a
|
||||||
[:b :c :d :e]
|
[:b :c :d :e]
|
||||||
"No dice!"
|
"No dice!"
|
||||||
()]}]
|
()]}]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["04_vectors" {"__" [1
|
["03_vectors" {"__" [1
|
||||||
|
[]
|
||||||
[1]
|
[1]
|
||||||
[nil nil]
|
[nil]
|
||||||
2
|
2
|
||||||
[111 222 333]
|
[333]
|
||||||
:peanut
|
:peanut
|
||||||
:jelly
|
:jelly
|
||||||
:jelly
|
:jelly
|
||||||
[:butter :and]
|
[:butter :and]
|
||||||
3]}]
|
3]}]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["05_sets" {"__" [[3]
|
["04_sets" {"__" [nil
|
||||||
3
|
3
|
||||||
#{1 2 3 4 5}
|
#{1 2 3 4 5}
|
||||||
#{1 2 3 4 5}
|
#{1 2 3 4 5}
|
||||||
#{2 3}
|
#{2 3}
|
||||||
#{1 4}]}]
|
#{1 4}]}]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["06_maps" {"__" [:b 2
|
["05_maps" {"__" [{}
|
||||||
|
0
|
||||||
1
|
1
|
||||||
2
|
2
|
||||||
2
|
2
|
||||||
1
|
1
|
||||||
1
|
1
|
||||||
"Sochi"
|
"Vancouver"
|
||||||
nil
|
nil
|
||||||
:key-not-found
|
:key-not-found
|
||||||
true
|
true
|
||||||
false
|
false
|
||||||
"February"
|
"February"
|
||||||
1 "January"
|
1 "January"
|
||||||
:c 3
|
2006 2010 2014
|
||||||
2
|
"Vancouver"]}]
|
||||||
2010 2014 2018
|
|
||||||
"PyeongChang" "Sochi" "Vancouver"
|
|
||||||
2 3]}]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["07_functions" {"__" [81
|
["06_functions" {"__" [20
|
||||||
20
|
10 5
|
||||||
10
|
30 2
|
||||||
60
|
|
||||||
15
|
15
|
||||||
"AACC"]
|
20 *]
|
||||||
"___" [+
|
"___" [(fn [f] (f 5))
|
||||||
*
|
|
||||||
(fn [f] (f 5))
|
|
||||||
(fn [f] (f 5))]}]
|
(fn [f] (f 5))]}]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["08_conditionals" {"__" [:a
|
["07_conditionals" {"__" [:a
|
||||||
[]
|
[]
|
||||||
nil
|
nil
|
||||||
:glory
|
:glory
|
||||||
4 6 :your-road
|
4 6 :your-road
|
||||||
1
|
'doom 0
|
||||||
:bicycling
|
:cocked-pistol
|
||||||
"is that even exercise?"]}]
|
:say-what?]}]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["09_higher_order_functions" {"__" [4 8 12
|
["08_higher_order_functions" {"__" [4 8 12
|
||||||
(* x x)
|
(* x x)
|
||||||
[false false true false false]
|
[false false true false false]
|
||||||
()
|
()
|
||||||
|
|
@ -116,29 +82,29 @@
|
||||||
100
|
100
|
||||||
(count a) (count b)]}]
|
(count a) (count b)]}]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["10_runtime_polymorphism" {"__" [(str (:name a) " eats veggies.")
|
["09_runtime_polymorphism" {"__" [(str (:name a) " eats veggies.")
|
||||||
(str (:name a) " eats animals.")
|
(str (:name a) " eats animals.")
|
||||||
(str "I don't know what " (:name a) " eats.")
|
(str "I don't know what " (:name a) " eats.")
|
||||||
"Hello World!"
|
"Hello World!"
|
||||||
"Hello, you silly world."
|
"Hello, you silly world."
|
||||||
"Hello to this group: Peter, Paul, Mary!" ]}]
|
"Hello to this group: Peter, Paul, Mary!" ]}]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["11_lazy_sequences" {"__" [[1 2 3 4]
|
["10_lazy_sequences" {"__" [[1 2 3 4]
|
||||||
[0 1 2 3 4]
|
[0 1 2 3 4]
|
||||||
10
|
10
|
||||||
95
|
95
|
||||||
[1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128]
|
(range 20)
|
||||||
:a]
|
:a]
|
||||||
"___" [(fn [x] x)]}]
|
"___" [(fn [x] :foo)]}]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["12_sequence_comprehensions" {"__" [[0 1 2 3 4 5]
|
["11_sequence_comprehensions" {"__" [[0 1 2 3 4 5]
|
||||||
(* x x)
|
(* index index)
|
||||||
(range 10)
|
(range 10)
|
||||||
(odd? x) (* x x)
|
(odd? index) (* index index)
|
||||||
[row column]
|
[row column]
|
||||||
]}]
|
]}]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["13_creating_functions" {"__" [true false true
|
["12_creating_functions" {"__" [true false true
|
||||||
4
|
4
|
||||||
:a :b :c :d
|
:a :b :c :d
|
||||||
:c :d
|
:c :d
|
||||||
|
|
@ -148,7 +114,7 @@
|
||||||
multiply-by-5
|
multiply-by-5
|
||||||
(comp dec square)]}]
|
(comp dec square)]}]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["14_recursion" {"__" [true
|
["13_recursion" {"__" [true
|
||||||
acc
|
acc
|
||||||
(loop [coll coll
|
(loop [coll coll
|
||||||
acc ()]
|
acc ()]
|
||||||
|
|
@ -162,10 +128,10 @@
|
||||||
(recur (dec n) (* acc n))))]
|
(recur (dec n) (* acc n))))]
|
||||||
"___" [not]}]
|
"___" [not]}]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["15_destructuring" {"__" [":bar:foo"
|
["14_destructuring" {"__" [":bar:foo"
|
||||||
(format (str "An Oxford comma list of %s, "
|
(format (str "First comes %s, "
|
||||||
"%s, "
|
"then comes %s, "
|
||||||
"and %s.")
|
"then comes %s with the baby carriage")
|
||||||
a b c)
|
a b c)
|
||||||
(apply str
|
(apply str
|
||||||
(interpose " "
|
(interpose " "
|
||||||
|
|
@ -184,7 +150,7 @@
|
||||||
street-address ", " city ", " state))
|
street-address ", " city ", " state))
|
||||||
]}]
|
]}]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["16_refs" {"__" ["hello"
|
["15_refs" {"__" ["hello"
|
||||||
"hello"
|
"hello"
|
||||||
"better"
|
"better"
|
||||||
"better!!!"
|
"better!!!"
|
||||||
|
|
@ -193,7 +159,7 @@
|
||||||
]
|
]
|
||||||
"___" [(fn [x] (+ 20 x))]}]
|
"___" [(fn [x] (+ 20 x))]}]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["17_atoms" {"__" [0
|
["16_atoms" {"__" [0
|
||||||
1
|
1
|
||||||
(swap! atomic-clock (partial + 4))
|
(swap! atomic-clock (partial + 4))
|
||||||
20
|
20
|
||||||
|
|
@ -201,15 +167,17 @@
|
||||||
atomic-clock 20 :fin
|
atomic-clock 20 :fin
|
||||||
]}]
|
]}]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["18_quote" {"__" ['(1 2 3 4 5)
|
["17_macros" {"__" [~(first form)
|
||||||
(1 2 3 4 5)
|
~(nth form 2)
|
||||||
'age
|
form
|
||||||
quote
|
(drop 2 form)
|
||||||
'(+ 2 3)
|
"Hello, Macros!"
|
||||||
1 2 3
|
10
|
||||||
1 5]}]
|
'(+ 9 1)
|
||||||
|
'(* 10 2)
|
||||||
|
'(+ 10 (2 * 3))]}]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["19_datatypes" {"__" [(print
|
["18_datatypes" {"__" [(print
|
||||||
(str "You're really the "
|
(str "You're really the "
|
||||||
(.category this)
|
(.category this)
|
||||||
", " recipient "... sorry."))
|
", " recipient "... sorry."))
|
||||||
|
|
@ -221,68 +189,18 @@
|
||||||
(str "Congratulations on your Best Picture Oscar, "
|
(str "Congratulations on your Best Picture Oscar, "
|
||||||
"Evil Alien Conquerors!")]}]
|
"Evil Alien Conquerors!")]}]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["20_java_interop" {"__" [java.lang.String
|
["19_java_interop" {"__" [java.lang.String
|
||||||
"SELECT * FROM"
|
"SELECT * FROM"
|
||||||
10
|
10
|
||||||
1024
|
1024
|
||||||
]
|
]
|
||||||
"___" [#(.toUpperCase %)
|
"___" [#(.toUpperCase %)
|
||||||
]}]
|
]
|
||||||
|
}]
|
||||||
["21_partition" {"__" [partition
|
["20_partition" {"__" [partition
|
||||||
[:a :b :c]
|
[:a :b :c]
|
||||||
'((0 1 2) (3 4))
|
'((0 1 2) (3 4))
|
||||||
5
|
5
|
||||||
:hello
|
:hello
|
||||||
(6 :these :are)
|
(6 :this :are)
|
||||||
]}]
|
]}]]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["22_group_by" {"__" [odd?
|
|
||||||
{5 ["hello" "world"] 3 ["foo" "bar"]}
|
|
||||||
{1 [{:name "Bob" :id 1}
|
|
||||||
{:last-name "Smith" :id 1}]
|
|
||||||
2 [{:name "Jennifer" :id 2}]}
|
|
||||||
nil
|
|
||||||
{:naughty-list [{:name "Jimmy" :bad true}
|
|
||||||
{:name "Joe" :bad true}]
|
|
||||||
:nice-list [{:name "Jane" :bad false}]}]}]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["23_meta" {"__" [{:league "National League"}
|
|
||||||
{:division "West"}
|
|
||||||
"This doesn't implement the IObj interface"
|
|
||||||
{:foo :bar}
|
|
||||||
nil
|
|
||||||
\C
|
|
||||||
inc
|
|
||||||
:park "Oracle Park"
|
|
||||||
'Giants
|
|
||||||
"Giants"]}]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["24_macros" {"__" [~(first form)
|
|
||||||
~(nth form 2)
|
|
||||||
form
|
|
||||||
(drop 2 form)
|
|
||||||
"Hello, Macros!"
|
|
||||||
10
|
|
||||||
'(+ 9 1)]}]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["25_threading_macros" {"__" [{:a 1}
|
|
||||||
"Hello world, and moon, and stars"
|
|
||||||
"String with a trailing space"
|
|
||||||
6
|
|
||||||
1
|
|
||||||
[2 3 4]
|
|
||||||
12
|
|
||||||
[1 2 3]]}]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["26_transducers" {"__" ['(2 3 4)
|
|
||||||
[2 4]
|
|
||||||
[2 4]
|
|
||||||
[2 4]
|
|
||||||
6]}]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
["27_multimethods" {"__" ["Hello, World!"
|
|
||||||
"Hello there"
|
|
||||||
1
|
|
||||||
6]}]
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
|
||||||
#!/bin/sh
|
#!/bin/sh
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
mkdir -p releases
|
mkdir -p releases
|
||||||
lein1 deps
|
|
||||||
zip -r releases/clojure-koans-`date +"%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M"`.zip \
|
zip -r releases/clojure-koans-`date +"%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M"`.zip \
|
||||||
. \
|
. \
|
||||||
-x "./.idea/*" \
|
|
||||||
-x "./.lein-plugins/*" \
|
|
||||||
-x "./.git/*" \
|
-x "./.git/*" \
|
||||||
-x "releases/*"
|
-x "releases/*"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
echo
|
echo
|
||||||
echo "Don't forget to upload the zipfile (somewhere...)"
|
echo "Don't forget to upload the zipfile"
|
||||||
|
echo " to https://github.com/functional-koans/clojure-koans/downloads"
|
||||||
echo `ls -t releases/clojure-koans-*.zip | head -n1`
|
echo `ls -t releases/clojure-koans-*.zip | head -n1`
|
||||||
echo "git push"
|
echo "git push"
|
||||||
echo "git push --tags"
|
echo "git push --tags"
|
||||||
echo
|
echo
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# TODO: use http://developer.github.com/v3/repos/downloads/
|
||||||
|
# to do the upload automatically
|
||||||
|
# GET example:
|
||||||
|
# curl https://api.github.com/repos/functional-koans/clojure-koans/downloads
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,39 +1,21 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.01-equalities
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(meditations
|
(meditations
|
||||||
"We shall contemplate truth by testing reality, via equality"
|
"We shall contemplate truth by testing reality, via equality."
|
||||||
(= __ true)
|
(= __ true)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"To understand reality, we must compare our expectations against reality"
|
"To understand reality, we must compare our expectations against reality."
|
||||||
(= __ (+ 1 1))
|
(= __ (+ 1 1))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You can test equality of many things"
|
"You can test equality of many things"
|
||||||
(= (+ 3 4) 7 (+ 2 __))
|
(= (+ 3 4) __ (+ 2 __))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Some things may appear different, but be the same"
|
"Some things may appear different, but be the same"
|
||||||
(= __ (= 2 2/1))
|
(= 2 2/1 __)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You cannot generally float to heavens of integers"
|
"You cannot generally float to heavens of integers"
|
||||||
(= __ (= 2 2.0))
|
(= __ (= 2 2.0))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"But a looser equality is also possible"
|
"But a looser equality is also possible"
|
||||||
(= __ (== 2.0 2))
|
(== 2.0 2 __)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Something is not equal to nothing"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (not (= 1 nil)))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Strings, and keywords, and symbols: oh my!"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (= "hello" :hello 'hello))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Make a keyword with your keyboard"
|
|
||||||
(= :hello (keyword __))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Symbolism is all around us"
|
|
||||||
(= 'hello (symbol __))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"What could be equivalent to nothing?"
|
|
||||||
(= __ nil)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"When things cannot be equal, they must be different"
|
"When things cannot be equal, they must be different"
|
||||||
(not= :fill-in-the-blank __))
|
(not= :fill-in-the-blank __))
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.03-lists
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(meditations
|
(meditations
|
||||||
"Lists can be expressed by function or a quoted form"
|
"Lists can be expressed by function or a quoted form"
|
||||||
(= '(__ __ __ __ __) (list 1 2 3 4 5))
|
(= '(__ __ __ __ __) (list 1 2 3 4 5))
|
||||||
|
|
@ -11,20 +8,14 @@
|
||||||
"As well as the rest"
|
"As well as the rest"
|
||||||
(= __ (rest '(1 2 3 4 5)))
|
(= __ (rest '(1 2 3 4 5)))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Count your blessings"
|
"The rest when nothing is left is empty"
|
||||||
(= __ (count '(dracula dooku chocula)))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Before they are gone"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (count '()))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"The rest, when nothing is left, is empty"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (rest '(100)))
|
(= __ (rest '(100)))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Construction by adding an element to the front is easy"
|
"And construction by adding an element to the front is simple"
|
||||||
(= __ (cons :a '(:b :c :d :e)))
|
(= __ (cons :a '(:b :c :d :e)))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Conjoining an element to a list isn't hard either"
|
"Conjoining an element to a list can be done in the reverse order"
|
||||||
(= __ (conj '(:a :b :c :d) :e))
|
(= __ (conj '(:a :b :c :d :e) 0))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You can use a list like a stack to get the first element"
|
"You can use a list like a stack to get the first element"
|
||||||
(= __ (peek '(:a :b :c :d :e)))
|
(= __ (peek '(:a :b :c :d :e)))
|
||||||
|
|
@ -35,11 +26,9 @@
|
||||||
"But watch out if you try to pop nothing"
|
"But watch out if you try to pop nothing"
|
||||||
(= __ (try
|
(= __ (try
|
||||||
(pop '())
|
(pop '())
|
||||||
(catch IllegalStateException e
|
(catch IllegalStateException e "No dice!")))
|
||||||
"No dice!")))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"The rest of nothing isn't so strict"
|
"The rest of nothing isn't so strict"
|
||||||
(= __ (try
|
(= __ (try
|
||||||
(rest '())
|
(rest '())
|
||||||
(catch IllegalStateException e
|
(catch IllegalStateException e "No dice!"))))
|
||||||
"No dice!"))))
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.02-strings
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]
|
|
||||||
[clojure.string :as string]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(meditations
|
|
||||||
"A string is nothing more than text surrounded by double quotes"
|
|
||||||
(= __ "hello")
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"But double quotes are just magic on top of something deeper"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (str 'world))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You can do more than create strings, you can put them together"
|
|
||||||
(= "Cool right?" (str __ __))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You can even get certain characters"
|
|
||||||
(= \C (get "Characters" __))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Or even count the characters"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (count "Hello World"))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"But strings and characters are not the same"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (= \c "c"))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"What if you only wanted to get part of a string?"
|
|
||||||
(= "World" (subs "Hello World" __ __))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"How about joining together elements in a list?"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (string/join '(1 2 3)))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"What if you wanted to separate them out?"
|
|
||||||
(= "1, 2, 3" (string/join __ '(1 2 3)))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Maybe you want to separate out all your lines"
|
|
||||||
(= [__ __ __] (string/split-lines "1\n2\n3"))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You may want to make sure your words are backwards"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (string/reverse "hello"))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Maybe you want to find the index of the first occurrence of a substring"
|
|
||||||
(= 0 (string/index-of "hello world" __))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Or maybe the last index of the same substring"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (string/last-index-of "hello world, hello" "hello"))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"But when something doesn't exist, nothing is found"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (string/index-of "hello world" "bob"))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Sometimes you don't want whitespace cluttering the front and back"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (string/trim " \nhello world \t \n"))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You can check if something is a char"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (char? \c))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"But it may not be"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (char? "a"))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"But chars aren't strings"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (string? \b))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Strings are strings"
|
|
||||||
(= true (string? __))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Some strings may be blank"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (string/blank? ""))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Even if at first glance they aren't"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (string/blank? " \n \t "))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"However, most strings aren't blank"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (string/blank? "hello?\nare you out there?")))
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.04-vectors
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(meditations
|
(meditations
|
||||||
"You can use vectors in clojure as array-like structures"
|
"You can use vectors in clojure to create an 'Array' like structure"
|
||||||
(= __ (count [42]))
|
(= __ (count [42]))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You can create a vector from a list"
|
"You can create a vector in several ways"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (vec nil))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"And populate it in either of these ways"
|
||||||
(= __ (vec '(1)))
|
(= __ (vec '(1)))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Or from some elements"
|
"There is another way as well"
|
||||||
(= __ (vector nil nil))
|
(= __ (vector nil))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"But you can populate it with any number of elements at once"
|
"But you can populate it with any number of elements at once"
|
||||||
(= [1 __] (vec '(1 2)))
|
(= [1 __] (vec '(1 2)))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Conjoining to a vector is different than to a list"
|
"And add to it as well"
|
||||||
(= __ (conj [111 222] 333))
|
(= __ (conj (vec nil) 333))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You can get the first element of a vector like so"
|
"You can get the first element of a vector like so"
|
||||||
(= __ (first [:peanut :butter :and :jelly]))
|
(= __ (first [:peanut :butter :and :jelly]))
|
||||||
18
src/koans/04_sets.clj
Normal file
18
src/koans/04_sets.clj
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
|
||||||
|
(meditations
|
||||||
|
"You can create a set in two ways"
|
||||||
|
(= #{} (set __))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"They are another important data structure in clojure"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (count #{1 2 3}))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"Remember that a set is a 'set'"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (set '(1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5)))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"You can ask clojure for the union of two sets"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (clojure.set/union #{1 2 3 4} #{2 3 5}))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"And also the intersection"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (clojure.set/intersection #{1 2 3 4} #{2 3 5}))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"But don't forget about the difference"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (clojure.set/difference #{1 2 3 4 5} #{2 3 5})))
|
||||||
50
src/koans/05_maps.clj
Normal file
50
src/koans/05_maps.clj
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
|
||||||
|
(meditations
|
||||||
|
"There are two ways to create maps"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (hash-map))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"Maps in clojure associate keys with values"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (count (hash-map)))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"A value must be supplied for each key"
|
||||||
|
(= {:a 1} (hash-map :a __))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"The size is the number of entries"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (count {:a 1 :b 2}))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"You can look up the value for a given key"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (get {:a 1 :b 2} :b))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"Maps can be used as lookup functions"
|
||||||
|
(= __ ({:a 1 :b 2} :a))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"And so can keywords"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (:a {:a 1 :b 2}))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"But map keys need not be keywords"
|
||||||
|
(= __ ({2006 "Torino" 2010 "Vancouver" 2014 "Sochi"} 2010))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"You may not be able to find an entry for a key"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (get {:a 1 :b 2} :c))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"But you can provide your own default"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (get {:a 1 :b 2} :c :key-not-found))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"You can find out if a key is present"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (contains? {:a nil :b nil} :b))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"Or if it is missing"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (contains? {:a nil :b nil} :c))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"Maps are immutable, but you can create a new, 'changed' version"
|
||||||
|
(= {1 "January" 2 __} (assoc {1 "January" } 2 "February"))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"You can also 'remove' an entry"
|
||||||
|
(= {__ __} (dissoc {1 "January" 2 "February"} 2))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"Often you will need to get the keys (which will be in hash order)"
|
||||||
|
(= (list __ __ __)
|
||||||
|
(sort (keys {2006 "Torino" 2010 "Vancouver" 2014 "Sochi"})))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"Or the values"
|
||||||
|
(= (list "Sochi" "Torino" __)
|
||||||
|
(sort (vals {2006 "Torino" 2010 "Vancouver" 2014 "Sochi"}))))
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.05-sets
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]
|
|
||||||
[clojure.set :as set]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(meditations
|
|
||||||
"You can create a set by converting another collection"
|
|
||||||
(= #{3} (set __))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Counting them is like counting other collections"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (count #{1 2 3}))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Remember that a set is a *mathematical* set"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (set '(1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5)))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You can ask Clojure for the union of two sets"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (set/union #{1 2 3 4} #{2 3 5}))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"And also the intersection"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (set/intersection #{1 2 3 4} #{2 3 5}))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"But don't forget about the difference"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (set/difference #{1 2 3 4 5} #{2 3 5})))
|
|
||||||
29
src/koans/06_functions.clj
Normal file
29
src/koans/06_functions.clj
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
|
||||||
|
(defn multiply-by-ten [n]
|
||||||
|
(* 10 n))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
(defn square [n] (* n n))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
(meditations
|
||||||
|
"Functions are often defined before they are used"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (multiply-by-ten 2))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"But they can also be defined inline"
|
||||||
|
(= __ ((fn [n] (* __ n)) 2))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"Or using even shorter syntax"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (#(* 15 %) __))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"Short anonymous functions may take multiple arguments"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (#(+ %1 %2 %3) 4 5 6))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"One function can beget another"
|
||||||
|
(= __ ((fn []
|
||||||
|
((fn [a b] (__ a b))
|
||||||
|
4 5))))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"Higher-order functions take function arguments"
|
||||||
|
(= 25 (___
|
||||||
|
(fn [n] (* n n))))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"But they are often better written using the names of functions"
|
||||||
|
(= 25 (___ square)))
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.06-maps
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(meditations
|
|
||||||
"Don't get lost when creating a map"
|
|
||||||
(= {:a 1 :b 2} (hash-map :a 1 __ __))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"A value must be supplied for each key"
|
|
||||||
(= {:a 1} (hash-map :a __))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"The size is the number of entries"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (count {:a 1 :b 2}))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You can look up the value for a given key"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (get {:a 1 :b 2} :b))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Maps can be used as functions to do lookups"
|
|
||||||
(= __ ({:a 1 :b 2} :a))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"And so can keywords"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (:a {:a 1 :b 2}))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"But map keys need not be keywords"
|
|
||||||
(= __ ({2010 "Vancouver" 2014 "Sochi" 2018 "PyeongChang"} 2014))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You may not be able to find an entry for a key"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (get {:a 1 :b 2} :c))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"But you can provide your own default"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (get {:a 1 :b 2} :c :key-not-found))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You can find out if a key is present"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (contains? {:a nil :b nil} :b))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Or if it is missing"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (contains? {:a nil :b nil} :c))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Maps are immutable, but you can create a new and improved version"
|
|
||||||
(= {1 "January" 2 __} (assoc {1 "January"} 2 "February"))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You can also create a new version with an entry removed"
|
|
||||||
(= {__ __} (dissoc {1 "January" 2 "February"} 2))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Create a new map by merging"
|
|
||||||
(= {:a 1 :b 2 __ __} (merge {:a 1 :b 2} {:c 3}))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Specify how to handle entries with same keys when merging"
|
|
||||||
(= {:a 1 :b __ :c 3} (merge-with + {:a 1 :b 1} {:b 1 :c 3}))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Often you will need to get the keys, but the order is undependable"
|
|
||||||
(= (list __ __ __)
|
|
||||||
(sort (keys { 2014 "Sochi" 2018 "PyeongChang" 2010 "Vancouver"})))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You can get the values in a similar way"
|
|
||||||
(= (list __ __ __)
|
|
||||||
(sort (vals {2010 "Vancouver" 2014 "Sochi" 2018 "PyeongChang"})))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You can even iterate over the map entries as a seq"
|
|
||||||
(= {:a __ :b __}
|
|
||||||
(into {}
|
|
||||||
(map
|
|
||||||
(fn [[k v]] [k (inc v)])
|
|
||||||
{:a 1 :b 2}))))
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.08-conditionals
|
(defn explain-defcon-level [exercise-term]
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(defn explain-exercise-velocity [exercise-term]
|
|
||||||
(case exercise-term
|
(case exercise-term
|
||||||
:bicycling "pretty fast"
|
:fade-out :you-and-what-army
|
||||||
:jogging "not super fast"
|
:double-take :call-me-when-its-important
|
||||||
:walking "not fast at all"
|
:round-house :o-rly
|
||||||
"is that even exercise?"))
|
:fast-pace :thats-pretty-bad
|
||||||
|
:cocked-pistol :sirens
|
||||||
|
:say-what?))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(meditations
|
(meditations
|
||||||
"You will face many decisions"
|
"You will face many decisions"
|
||||||
|
|
@ -34,14 +33,14 @@
|
||||||
:else __)))
|
:else __)))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Or your fate may be sealed"
|
"Or your fate may be sealed"
|
||||||
(= 'doom (if-not (zero? __)
|
(= __ (if-not (zero? __)
|
||||||
'doom
|
'doom
|
||||||
'more-doom))
|
'doom))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"In case of emergency, go fast"
|
"In case of emergency, sound the alarms"
|
||||||
(= "pretty fast"
|
(= :sirens
|
||||||
(explain-exercise-velocity __))
|
(explain-defcon-level __))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"But admit it when you don't know what to do"
|
"But admit it when you don't know what to do"
|
||||||
(= __
|
(= __
|
||||||
(explain-exercise-velocity :watching-tv)))
|
(explain-defcon-level :yo-mama)))
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.07-functions
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(defn multiply-by-ten [n]
|
|
||||||
(* 10 n))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(defn square [n] (* n n))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(meditations
|
|
||||||
"Calling a function is like giving it a hug with parentheses"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (square 9))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Functions are usually defined before they are used"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (multiply-by-ten 2))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"But they can also be defined inline"
|
|
||||||
(= __ ((fn [n] (* 5 n)) 2))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Or using an even shorter syntax"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (#(* 15 %) 4))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Even anonymous functions may take multiple arguments"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (#(+ %1 %2 %3) 4 5 6))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Arguments can also be skipped"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (#(str "AA" %2) "bb" "CC"))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"One function can beget another"
|
|
||||||
(= 9 (((fn [] ___)) 4 5))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Functions can also take other functions as input"
|
|
||||||
(= 20 ((fn [f] (f 4 5))
|
|
||||||
___))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Higher-order functions take function arguments"
|
|
||||||
(= 25 (___
|
|
||||||
(fn [n] (* n n))))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"But they are often better written using the names of functions"
|
|
||||||
(= 25 (___ square)))
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.09-higher-order-functions
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(meditations
|
(meditations
|
||||||
"The map function relates a sequence to another"
|
"The map function relates a sequence to another"
|
||||||
(= [__ __ __] (map (fn [x] (* 4 x)) [1 2 3]))
|
(= [__ __ __] (map (fn [x] (* 4 x)) [1 2 3]))
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.10-runtime-polymorphism
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(defn hello
|
(defn hello
|
||||||
([] "Hello World!")
|
([] "Hello World!")
|
||||||
([a] (str "Hello, you silly " a "."))
|
([a] (str "Hello, you silly " a "."))
|
||||||
([a & more] (str "Hello to this group: "
|
([a & more] (str "Hello to this group: "
|
||||||
(apply str
|
(apply str
|
||||||
(interpose ", " (cons a more)))
|
(interpose ", " (concat (list a) more)))
|
||||||
"!")))
|
"!")))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(defmulti diet (fn [x] (:eater x)))
|
(defmulti diet (fn [x] (:eater x)))
|
||||||
|
|
@ -29,10 +26,6 @@
|
||||||
(= "Bambi eats veggies."
|
(= "Bambi eats veggies."
|
||||||
(diet {:species "deer" :name "Bambi" :age 1 :eater :herbivore}))
|
(diet {:species "deer" :name "Bambi" :age 1 :eater :herbivore}))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Animals have different names"
|
|
||||||
(= "Thumper eats veggies."
|
|
||||||
(diet {:species "rabbit" :name "Thumper" :age 1 :eater :herbivore}))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Different methods are used depending on the dispatch function result"
|
"Different methods are used depending on the dispatch function result"
|
||||||
(= "Simba eats animals."
|
(= "Simba eats animals."
|
||||||
(diet {:species "lion" :name "Simba" :age 1 :eater :carnivore}))
|
(diet {:species "lion" :name "Simba" :age 1 :eater :carnivore}))
|
||||||
25
src/koans/10_lazy_sequences.clj
Normal file
25
src/koans/10_lazy_sequences.clj
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
|
||||||
|
(meditations
|
||||||
|
"There is a wide range of ways to generate a sequence"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (range 1 5))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"The range starts at the beginning by default"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (range 5))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"It's important to only take what you need from a big sequence"
|
||||||
|
(= [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
|
||||||
|
(take __ (range 100)))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"You can also limit results by dropping what you don't need"
|
||||||
|
(= [95 96 97 98 99]
|
||||||
|
(drop __ (range 100)))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"Iteration provides an infinite lazy sequence"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (take 20 (iterate inc 0)))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"Repetition is key"
|
||||||
|
(= [:a :a :a :a :a :a :a :a :a :a ]
|
||||||
|
(repeat 10 __))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"Iteration can be used for repetition"
|
||||||
|
(= (repeat 100 :foo)
|
||||||
|
(take 100 (iterate ___ :foo))))
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.11-lazy-sequences
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(meditations
|
|
||||||
"There are many ways to generate a sequence"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (range 1 5))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"The range starts at the beginning by default"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (range 5))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Only take what you need when the sequence is large"
|
|
||||||
(= [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
|
|
||||||
(take __ (range 100)))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Or limit results by dropping what you don't need"
|
|
||||||
(= [95 96 97 98 99]
|
|
||||||
(drop __ (range 100)))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Iteration provides an infinite lazy sequence"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (take 8 (iterate (fn [x] (* x 2)) 1)))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Repetition is key"
|
|
||||||
(= [:a :a :a :a :a :a :a :a :a :a]
|
|
||||||
(repeat 10 __))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Iteration can be used for repetition"
|
|
||||||
(= (repeat 100 "hello")
|
|
||||||
(take 100 (iterate ___ "hello"))))
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,36 +1,32 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.12-sequence-comprehensions
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(meditations
|
(meditations
|
||||||
"Sequence comprehensions can bind each element in turn to a symbol"
|
"Sequence comprehensions can bind each element in turn to a symbol"
|
||||||
(= __
|
(= __
|
||||||
(for [x (range 6)]
|
(for [index (range 6)]
|
||||||
x))
|
index))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"They can easily emulate mapping"
|
"They can easily emulate mapping"
|
||||||
(= '(0 1 4 9 16 25)
|
(= '(0 1 4 9 16 25)
|
||||||
(map (fn [x] (* x x))
|
(map (fn [index] (* index index))
|
||||||
(range 6))
|
(range 6))
|
||||||
(for [x (range 6)]
|
(for [index (range 6)]
|
||||||
__))
|
__))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"And also filtering"
|
"And also filtering"
|
||||||
(= '(1 3 5 7 9)
|
(= '(1 3 5 7 9)
|
||||||
(filter odd? (range 10))
|
(filter odd? (range 10))
|
||||||
(for [x __ :when (odd? x)]
|
(for [index __ :when (odd? index)]
|
||||||
x))
|
index))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Combinations of these transformations are trivial"
|
"And they trivially allow combinations of the two transformations"
|
||||||
(= '(1 9 25 49 81)
|
(= '(1 9 25 49 81)
|
||||||
(map (fn [x] (* x x))
|
(map (fn [index] (* index index))
|
||||||
(filter odd? (range 10)))
|
(filter odd? (range 10)))
|
||||||
(for [x (range 10) :when __]
|
(for [index (range 10) :when __]
|
||||||
__))
|
__))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"More complex transformations simply take multiple binding forms"
|
"More complex transformations can be formed with multiple binding forms"
|
||||||
(= [[:top :left] [:top :middle] [:top :right]
|
(= [[:top :left] [:top :middle] [:top :right]
|
||||||
[:middle :left] [:middle :middle] [:middle :right]
|
[:middle :left] [:middle :middle] [:middle :right]
|
||||||
[:bottom :left] [:bottom :middle] [:bottom :right]]
|
[:bottom :left] [:bottom :middle] [:bottom :right]]
|
||||||
(for [row [:top :middle :bottom]
|
(for [row [:top :middle :bottom] column [:left :middle :right]]
|
||||||
column [:left :middle :right]]
|
__)))
|
||||||
__)))
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.13-creating-functions
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(defn square [x] (* x x))
|
(defn square [x] (* x x))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(meditations
|
(meditations
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.14-recursion
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(defn is-even? [n]
|
(defn is-even? [n]
|
||||||
(if (= n 0)
|
(if (= n 0)
|
||||||
__
|
__
|
||||||
|
|
@ -32,13 +29,13 @@
|
||||||
"Reversing directions is easy when you have not gone far"
|
"Reversing directions is easy when you have not gone far"
|
||||||
(= '(1) (recursive-reverse [1]))
|
(= '(1) (recursive-reverse [1]))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Yet it becomes more difficult the more steps you take"
|
"Yet more difficult the more steps you take"
|
||||||
(= '(6 5 4 3 2) (recursive-reverse [2 3 4 5 6]))
|
(= '(5 4 3 2 1) (recursive-reverse [1 2 3 4 5]))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Simple things may appear simple"
|
"Simple things may appear simple."
|
||||||
(= 1 (factorial 1))
|
(= 1 (factorial 1))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"They may require other simple steps"
|
"They may require other simple steps."
|
||||||
(= 2 (factorial 2))
|
(= 2 (factorial 2))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Sometimes a slightly bigger step is necessary"
|
"Sometimes a slightly bigger step is necessary"
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.15-destructuring
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(def test-address
|
(def test-address
|
||||||
{:street-address "123 Test Lane"
|
{:street-address "123 Test Lane"
|
||||||
:city "Testerville"
|
:city "Testerville"
|
||||||
|
|
@ -12,24 +9,24 @@
|
||||||
[:foo :bar]))
|
[:foo :bar]))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Whether in function definitions"
|
"Whether in function definitions"
|
||||||
(= (str "An Oxford comma list of apples, "
|
(= (str "First comes love, "
|
||||||
"oranges, "
|
"then comes marriage, "
|
||||||
"and pears.")
|
"then comes Clojure with the baby carriage")
|
||||||
((fn [[a b c]] __)
|
((fn [[a b c]] __)
|
||||||
["apples" "oranges" "pears"]))
|
["love" "marriage" "Clojure"]))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Or in let expressions"
|
"Or in let expressions"
|
||||||
(= "Rich Hickey aka The Clojurer aka Go Time aka Lambda Guru"
|
(= "Rich Hickey aka The Clojurer aka Go Time aka Macro Killah"
|
||||||
(let [[first-name last-name & aliases]
|
(let [[first-name last-name & aliases]
|
||||||
(list "Rich" "Hickey" "The Clojurer" "Go Time" "Lambda Guru")]
|
(list "Rich" "Hickey" "The Clojurer" "Go Time" "Macro Killah")]
|
||||||
__))
|
__))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You can regain the full argument if you like arguing"
|
"You can regain the full argument if you like arguing"
|
||||||
(= {:original-parts ["Stephen" "Hawking"] :named-parts {:first "Stephen" :last "Hawking"}}
|
(= {:original-parts ["Steven" "Hawking"] :named-parts {:first "Steven" :last "Hawking"}}
|
||||||
(let [[first-name last-name :as full-name] ["Stephen" "Hawking"]]
|
(let [[first-name last-name :as full-name] ["Steven" "Hawking"]]
|
||||||
__))
|
__))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Break up maps by keys"
|
"Break up maps by key"
|
||||||
(= "123 Test Lane, Testerville, TX"
|
(= "123 Test Lane, Testerville, TX"
|
||||||
(let [{street-address :street-address, city :city, state :state} test-address]
|
(let [{street-address :street-address, city :city, state :state} test-address]
|
||||||
__))
|
__))
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.16-refs
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(def the-world (ref "hello"))
|
(def the-world (ref "hello"))
|
||||||
(def bizarro-world (ref {}))
|
(def bizarro-world (ref {}))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.17-atoms
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(def atomic-clock (atom 0))
|
(def atomic-clock (atom 0))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(meditations
|
(meditations
|
||||||
|
|
@ -27,7 +24,7 @@
|
||||||
(compare-and-set! atomic-clock 100 :fin)
|
(compare-and-set! atomic-clock 100 :fin)
|
||||||
@atomic-clock))
|
@atomic-clock))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"When your expectations are aligned with reality, things proceed that way"
|
"When your expectations are aligned with reality things, proceed that way"
|
||||||
(= :fin (do
|
(= :fin (do
|
||||||
(compare-and-set! __ __ __)
|
(compare-and-set! __ __ __)
|
||||||
@atomic-clock)))
|
@atomic-clock)))
|
||||||
42
src/koans/17_macros.clj
Normal file
42
src/koans/17_macros.clj
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
|
||||||
|
(defmacro hello [x]
|
||||||
|
(str "Hello, " x))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
(defmacro infix [form]
|
||||||
|
(list (second form) (first form) (nth form 2)))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
(defmacro infix-better [form]
|
||||||
|
`(~(second form) ; Note the syntax-quote (`) and unquote (~) characters!
|
||||||
|
__
|
||||||
|
__ ))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
(defmacro r-infix [form]
|
||||||
|
(cond (not (seq? form))
|
||||||
|
__
|
||||||
|
(= 1 (count form))
|
||||||
|
`(r-infix ~(first form))
|
||||||
|
:else
|
||||||
|
(let [operator (second form)
|
||||||
|
first-arg (first form)
|
||||||
|
others __]
|
||||||
|
`(~operator
|
||||||
|
(r-infix ~first-arg)
|
||||||
|
(r-infix ~others)))))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
(meditations
|
||||||
|
"Macros are like functions created at compile time"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (hello "Macros!"))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"Can I haz some infix?"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (infix (9 + 1)))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"Remember, these are nothing but code transformations"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (macroexpand '(infix (9 + 1))))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"You can do better than that, hand crafting ftw!"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (macroexpand '(infix-better (10 * 2))))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"Things dont always work as you would like them to... "
|
||||||
|
(= __ (macroexpand '(infix-better ( 10 + (2 * 3)))))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"Really, you dont understand recursion until you understand recursion"
|
||||||
|
(= 36 (r-infix (10 + (2 * 3) + (4 * 5)))))
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.19-datatypes
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(defrecord Nobel [prize])
|
(defrecord Nobel [prize])
|
||||||
(deftype Pulitzer [prize])
|
(deftype Pulitzer [prize])
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.18-quote
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(meditations
|
|
||||||
"Wrap a quote around a list to suppress evaluation"
|
|
||||||
(= (quote (1 2 3 4 5)) __)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"There is a shortcut too!"
|
|
||||||
(= (quote __) '(1 2 3 4 5))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You can quote symbols as well as lists... without evaluation!"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (let [age 9] (quote age)))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You can use a literal list as a data collection without having Clojure try to call a function"
|
|
||||||
(= (cons 1 (__ (2 3))) (list 1 2 3) (cons 1 [2 3]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"The quote affects all of its arguments, not just the top level"
|
|
||||||
(= (list 1 __) '(1 (+ 2 3)))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Syntax-quote (`) acts similarly to the normal quote"
|
|
||||||
(= (list __ __ __) `(1 2 3) '(1 2 3))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Unquote (~) within a syntax-quoted expression lets you mark specific expressions as requiring evaluation"
|
|
||||||
(= (list __ __) `(1 ~(+ 2 3)) '(1 5)))
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.20-java-interop
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(meditations
|
(meditations
|
||||||
"You may have done more with Java than you know"
|
"You may have done more with Java than you know"
|
||||||
(= __ (class "warfare")) ; hint: try typing (javadoc "warfare") in the REPL
|
(= __ (class "warfare")) ; hint: try typing (javadoc "warfare") in the REPL
|
||||||
18
src/koans/20_partition.clj
Normal file
18
src/koans/20_partition.clj
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
|
||||||
|
(meditations
|
||||||
|
"To split a collection you can use the partition function"
|
||||||
|
(= '((0 1) (2 3)) (__ 2 (range 4)))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"But watch out if there is not enough elements to form n sequences"
|
||||||
|
(= '(__) (partition 3 [:a :b :c :d :e]))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"You can use partition-all to also get partitions with less then n elements"
|
||||||
|
(= __ (partition-all 3 (range 5)))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"If you need to, you can start each sequence with an offset"
|
||||||
|
(= '((0 1 2) (5 6 7) (10 11 12)) (partition 3 __ (range 13)))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
"Consider padding the last sequence with some default values.."
|
||||||
|
(= '((0 1 2) (3 4 5) (6 :hello)) (partition 3 3 [__] (range 7)))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
".. but notice that they will only pad up to given sequence length"
|
||||||
|
(= '((0 1 2) (3 4 5) __) (partition 3 3 [:this :are "my" "words"] (range 7))))
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.21-partition
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(meditations
|
|
||||||
"To split a collection you can use the partition function"
|
|
||||||
(= '((0 1) (2 3)) (__ 2 (range 4)))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"But watch out if there are not enough elements to form n sequences"
|
|
||||||
(= '(__) (partition 3 [:a :b :c :d :e]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You can use partition-all to include any leftovers too"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (partition-all 3 (range 5)))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"If you need to, you can start each sequence with an offset"
|
|
||||||
(= '((0 1 2) (5 6 7) (10 11 12)) (partition 3 __ (range 13)))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Consider padding the last sequence with some default values"
|
|
||||||
(= '((0 1 2) (3 4 5) (6 :hello)) (partition 3 3 [__] (range 7)))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"But notice that they will only pad up to the given sequence length"
|
|
||||||
(= '((0 1 2) (3 4 5) __) (partition 3 3 [:these :are "my" "words"] (range 7))))
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.22-group-by
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(defn get-odds-and-evens [coll]
|
|
||||||
(let [{odds true evens false} (group-by __ coll)]
|
|
||||||
[odds evens]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(meditations
|
|
||||||
"To categorize a collection by some function, use group-by"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (group-by count ["hello" "world" "foo" "bar"]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You can simulate filter + remove in one pass"
|
|
||||||
(= (get-odds-and-evens [1 2 3 4 5])
|
|
||||||
((juxt filter remove) odd? [1 2 3 4 5])
|
|
||||||
[[1 3 5] [2 4]])
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You can also group by a primary key"
|
|
||||||
(= __
|
|
||||||
(group-by :id [{:id 1 :name "Bob"}
|
|
||||||
{:id 2 :name "Jennifer"}
|
|
||||||
{:id 1 :last-name "Smith"} ]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"But be careful when you group by a non-required key"
|
|
||||||
(= {"Bob" [{:name "Bob" :id 1}]
|
|
||||||
"Jennifer" [{:name "Jennifer" :id 2}]
|
|
||||||
__ [{:last-name "Smith" :id 1}]}
|
|
||||||
(group-by :name [{:id 1 :name "Bob"}
|
|
||||||
{:id 2 :name "Jennifer"}
|
|
||||||
{:id 1 :last-name "Smith"}]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"The true power of group-by comes with custom functions"
|
|
||||||
(= __
|
|
||||||
(group-by #(if (:bad %) :naughty-list :nice-list)
|
|
||||||
[{:name "Jimmy" :bad true}
|
|
||||||
{:name "Jane" :bad false}
|
|
||||||
{:name "Joe" :bad true}])))
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.23-meta
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(def giants
|
|
||||||
(with-meta 'Giants
|
|
||||||
{:league "National League"}))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(meditations
|
|
||||||
"Some objects can be tagged using the with-meta function"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (meta giants))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Or more succinctly with a reader macro"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (meta '^{:division "West"} Giants))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"While others can't"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (try
|
|
||||||
(with-meta
|
|
||||||
2
|
|
||||||
{:prime true})
|
|
||||||
(catch ClassCastException e
|
|
||||||
"This doesn't implement the IObj interface")))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Notice when metadata carries over"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (meta (merge '^{:foo :bar} {:a 1 :b 2}
|
|
||||||
{:b 3 :c 4})))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"And when it doesn't"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (meta (merge {:a 1 :b 2}
|
|
||||||
'^{:foo :bar} {:b 3 :c 4})))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Metadata can be used as a type hint to avoid reflection during runtime"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (#(.charAt ^String % 0) "Cast me"))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You can directly update an object's metadata"
|
|
||||||
(= 8 (let [giants
|
|
||||||
(with-meta
|
|
||||||
'Giants
|
|
||||||
{:world-series-titles (atom 7)})]
|
|
||||||
(swap! (:world-series-titles (meta giants)) __)
|
|
||||||
@(:world-series-titles (meta giants))))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You can also create a new object from another object with metadata"
|
|
||||||
(= {:league "National League" :park "Oracle Park"}
|
|
||||||
(meta (vary-meta giants
|
|
||||||
assoc __ __)))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"But it won't affect behavior like equality"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (vary-meta giants dissoc :league))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Or the object's printed representation"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (pr-str (vary-meta giants dissoc :league))))
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.24-macros
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(defmacro hello [x]
|
|
||||||
(str "Hello, " x))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(defmacro infix [form]
|
|
||||||
(list (second form) (first form) (nth form 2)))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(defmacro infix-concise [form]
|
|
||||||
`(~(second form) ; Note the syntax-quote (`) and unquote (~) characters!
|
|
||||||
__
|
|
||||||
__))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(defmacro recursive-infix [form]
|
|
||||||
(cond (not (seq? form))
|
|
||||||
__
|
|
||||||
(= 1 (count form))
|
|
||||||
`(recursive-infix ~(first form))
|
|
||||||
:else
|
|
||||||
(let [operator (second form)
|
|
||||||
first-arg (first form)
|
|
||||||
others __]
|
|
||||||
`(~operator
|
|
||||||
(recursive-infix ~first-arg)
|
|
||||||
(recursive-infix ~others)))))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(meditations
|
|
||||||
"Macros are like functions created at compile time"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (hello "Macros!"))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"I can haz infix?"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (infix (9 + 1)))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Remember, these are nothing but code transformations"
|
|
||||||
(= __ (macroexpand '(infix (9 + 1))))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"You can do better than that - hand crafting FTW!"
|
|
||||||
(= '(* 10 2) (macroexpand '(infix-concise (10 * 2))))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Things don't always work as you would like them to"
|
|
||||||
(= '(+ 10 (2 * 3)) (macroexpand '(infix-concise (10 + (2 * 3)))))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Really, you don't understand recursion until you understand recursion"
|
|
||||||
(= 36 (recursive-infix (10 + (2 * 3) + (4 * 5)))))
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.25-threading-macros
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(def a-list
|
|
||||||
'(1 2 3 4 5))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(def a-list-with-maps
|
|
||||||
'({:a 1} {:a 2} {:a 3}))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(defn function-that-takes-a-map [map a b]
|
|
||||||
(get map :a))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(defn function-that-takes-a-coll [a b coll]
|
|
||||||
(map :a coll))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(meditations
|
|
||||||
"We can use thread first for more readable sequential operations"
|
|
||||||
(= __
|
|
||||||
(-> {}
|
|
||||||
(assoc :a 1)))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Consider also the case of strings"
|
|
||||||
(= __
|
|
||||||
(-> "Hello world"
|
|
||||||
(str ", and moon")
|
|
||||||
(str ", and stars")))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"When a function has no arguments to partially apply, just reference it"
|
|
||||||
(= __
|
|
||||||
(-> "String with a trailing space "
|
|
||||||
clojure.string/trim))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Most operations that take a scalar value as an argument can be threaded-first"
|
|
||||||
(= __
|
|
||||||
(-> {}
|
|
||||||
(assoc :a 1)
|
|
||||||
(assoc :b 2)
|
|
||||||
(assoc :c {:d 4
|
|
||||||
:e 5})
|
|
||||||
(update-in [:c :e] inc)
|
|
||||||
(get-in [:c :e])))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"We can use functions we have written ourselves that follow this pattern"
|
|
||||||
(= __
|
|
||||||
(-> {}
|
|
||||||
(assoc :a 1)
|
|
||||||
(function-that-takes-a-map "hello" "there")))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"We can also thread last using ->>"
|
|
||||||
(= __
|
|
||||||
(->> [1 2 3]
|
|
||||||
(map inc)))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Most operations that take a collection can be threaded-last"
|
|
||||||
(= __
|
|
||||||
(->> a-list
|
|
||||||
(map inc)
|
|
||||||
(filter even?)
|
|
||||||
(into [])
|
|
||||||
(reduce +)))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"We can use functions we have written ourselves that follow this pattern"
|
|
||||||
(= __
|
|
||||||
(->> a-list-with-maps
|
|
||||||
(function-that-takes-a-coll "hello" "there")
|
|
||||||
(into []))))
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.26-transducers
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(def example-transducer
|
|
||||||
(map inc))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(def transforms
|
|
||||||
(comp (map inc)
|
|
||||||
(filter even?)))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(meditations
|
|
||||||
"A sequence operation with only one argument often returns a transducer"
|
|
||||||
(= __
|
|
||||||
(sequence example-transducer [1 2 3]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Consider that sequence operations can be composed as transducers"
|
|
||||||
(= __
|
|
||||||
(transduce transforms conj [1 2 3]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"We can do this eagerly"
|
|
||||||
(= __
|
|
||||||
(into [] transforms [1 2 3]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Or lazily"
|
|
||||||
(= __
|
|
||||||
(sequence transforms [1 2 3]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"The transduce function can combine mapping and reduction"
|
|
||||||
(= __
|
|
||||||
(transduce transforms + [1 2 3])))
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
(ns koans.27-multimethods
|
|
||||||
(:require [koan-engine.core :refer :all]))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(defmulti multimethod-without-args
|
|
||||||
(fn [keyword-arg] keyword-arg))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(defmethod multimethod-without-args :first [_]
|
|
||||||
(str "Hello, World!"))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(defmethod multimethod-without-args :second [_]
|
|
||||||
(str "Hello there"))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(defmulti multimethod-with-args
|
|
||||||
(fn [opt-one opt-two] opt-one))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(defmethod multimethod-with-args :path-one [_ opts]
|
|
||||||
(:first-opt opts))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(defmethod multimethod-with-args :path-two [_ opts]
|
|
||||||
(let [numbers (:second-opt opts)]
|
|
||||||
(->> numbers
|
|
||||||
(map inc)
|
|
||||||
(reduce +))))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(defmethod multimethod-with-args :path-three [_])
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
(meditations
|
|
||||||
"A multimethod takes one or more arguments to dispatch on"
|
|
||||||
(= __
|
|
||||||
(multimethod-without-args :first))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Though it can be ignored and represented by _ in defmethods"
|
|
||||||
(= __
|
|
||||||
(multimethod-without-args :second))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"Alternatively, we can use the arguments in defmethods"
|
|
||||||
(= __
|
|
||||||
(multimethod-with-args :path-one {:first-opt 1
|
|
||||||
:second-opt 2}))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
"This allows us to do something different in each method implementation"
|
|
||||||
(= __
|
|
||||||
(multimethod-with-args :path-two {:first-opt 1
|
|
||||||
:second-opt [0 1 2]})))
|
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue