diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 7541716..c7b91c2 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # Changes
 
 * 2.4.next in progress
+  * Address [#512](https://github.com/seancorfield/honeysql/issues/512) by adding support for subqueries in the `:array` special syntax (for BigQuery and PostgreSQL). This also adds support for metadata on the `:select` value to produce `AS STRUCT` or `DISTINCT`.
   * Address [#511](https://github.com/seancorfield/honeysql/issues/511) by adding support for BigQuery `CREATE OR REPLACE`.
   * Address [#510](https://github.com/seancorfield/honeysql/issues/510) by adding initial support for an NRQL dialect.
   * Fix [#509](https://github.com/seancorfield/honeysql/issues/509) by checking for `ident?` before checking keyword/symbol.
diff --git a/doc/clause-reference.md b/doc/clause-reference.md
index e45c86f..55df6f1 100644
--- a/doc/clause-reference.md
+++ b/doc/clause-reference.md
@@ -509,6 +509,23 @@ name reference.
 
 `:select-distinct` works the same way but produces `SELECT DISTINCT`.
 
+As of 2.4.next, you can use metadata on the argument to `:select` to
+provide qualifiers for the `SELECT` clause:
+
+```clojure
+user=> (sql/format {:select ^:distinct [:id :name] :from :table})
+["SELECT DISTINCT id, name FROM table"]
+```
+
+The metadata can also be a map, with `true` values ignored (which is why
+`^:distinct` produces just `DISTINCT` even though it is short for
+`^{:distinct true}`):
+
+```clojure
+user=> (sql/format {:select ^{:as :struct} [:id :name] :from :table})
+["SELECT AS STRUCT id, name FROM table"]
+```
+
 > Google BigQuery support: to provide `SELECT * EXCEPT ..` and `SELECT * REPLACE ..` syntax, HoneySQL supports a vector starting with `:*` or the symbol `*` followed by except columns and/or replace expressions as columns:
 
 ```clojure
diff --git a/doc/postgresql.md b/doc/postgresql.md
index 14afde0..dd0519b 100644
--- a/doc/postgresql.md
+++ b/doc/postgresql.md
@@ -37,14 +37,27 @@ Clojure users can opt for the shorter `(require '[honey.sql :as sql] '[honey.sql
 
 ## Working with Arrays
 
-HoneySQL supports `:array` as special syntax to produce `ARRAY[..]` expressions
-but PostgreSQL also has an "array constructor" for creating arrays from subquery results.
+HoneySQL supports `:array` as special syntax to produce `ARRAY[..]` expressions:
+
+```clojure
+user=> (sql/format {:select [[[:array [1 2 3]] :a]]})
+["SELECT ARRAY[?, ?, ?] AS a" 1 2 3]
+```
+
+PostgreSQL also has an "array constructor" for creating arrays from subquery results.
 
 ```sql
 SELECT ARRAY(SELECT oid FROM pg_proc WHERE proname LIKE 'bytea%');
 ```
 
-In order to produce that SQL, you can use HoneySQL's "as-is" function syntax to circumvent
+As of 2.4.next, HoneySQL supports this syntax directly:
+
+```clojure
+user=> (sql/format {:select [[[:array {:select :oid :from :pg_proc :where [:like :proname [:inline "bytea%"]]}]]]})
+["SELECT ARRAY(SELECT oid FROM pg_proc WHERE proname LIKE 'bytea%')"]
+```
+
+Prior to 2.4.next, you had to use HoneySQL's "as-is" function syntax to circumvent
 the special syntax:
 
 ```clojure
@@ -52,13 +65,6 @@ user=> (sql/format {:select [[[:'ARRAY {:select :oid :from :pg_proc :where [:lik
 ["SELECT ARRAY (SELECT oid FROM pg_proc WHERE proname LIKE 'bytea%')"]
 ```
 
-Compare this with the `ARRAY[..]` syntax:
-
-```clojure
-user=> (sql/format {:select [[[:array [1 2 3]] :a]]})
-["SELECT ARRAY[?, ?, ?] AS a" 1 2 3]
-```
-
 ## Operators with @, #, and ~
 
 A number of PostgreSQL operators contain `@`, `#`, or `~` which are not legal in a Clojure keyword or symbol (as literal syntax). The namespace `honey.sql.pg-ops` provides convenient symbolic names for these JSON and regex operators, substituting `at` for `@`, `hash` for `#`, and `tilde` for `~`.
diff --git a/doc/special-syntax.md b/doc/special-syntax.md
index 9904e76..a346583 100644
--- a/doc/special-syntax.md
+++ b/doc/special-syntax.md
@@ -33,9 +33,14 @@ and strings.
 
 ## array
 
-Accepts a single argument, which is expected to evaluate to a sequence,
-with an optional second argument specifying the type of the array,
-and produces `ARRAY[?, ?, ..]` for the elements of that sequence (as SQL parameters):
+Accepts either an expression (that evaluates to a sequence) or a subquery
+(hash map). In the expression case, also accepts an optional second argument
+that specifies the type of the array.
+
+Produces either an `ARRAY[..]` or an `ARRAY(subquery)` expression.
+
+In the expression case, produces `ARRAY[?, ?, ..]` for the elements of that
+sequence (as SQL parameters):
 
 ```clojure
 (sql/format-expr [:array (range 5)])
@@ -68,6 +73,13 @@ In addition, the argument to `:array` is treated as a literal sequence of Clojur
 ;;=> ["SELECT ARRAY[inline, (?, ?, ?)] AS arr" 1 2 3]
 ```
 
+In the subquery case, produces `ARRAY(subquery)`:
+
+```clojure
+(sql/format {:select [[[:array {:select :* :from :table}] :arr]]})
+;;=> ["SELECT ARRAY(SELECT * FROM table) AS arr"]
+```
+
 ## at time zone
 
 Accepts two arguments: an expression (assumed to be a date/time of some sort)
diff --git a/src/honey/sql.cljc b/src/honey/sql.cljc
index 9e7365a..2eb8ee9 100644
--- a/src/honey/sql.cljc
+++ b/src/honey/sql.cljc
@@ -664,16 +664,41 @@
     (let [[sqls params] (format-expr-list xs {:drop-ns true})]
       (into [(str "(" (str/join ", " sqls) ")")] params))))
 
+(defn- format-meta
+  "If the expression has metadata, format it as a sequence of keywords,
+   treating `:foo true` as `FOO` and `:foo :bar` as `FOO BAR`.
+   Return nil if there is no metadata."
+  [x]
+  (when-let [data (meta x)]
+    (let [items (reduce-kv (fn [acc k v]
+                             (if (true? v)
+                               (conj acc k)
+                               (conj acc k v)))
+                           []
+                           (apply dissoc data [:line :column]))]
+      (when (seq items)
+        (println "items" items)
+        (str/join " " (mapv sql-kw items))))))
+
+(comment
+  (format-meta ^{:foo true :bar :baz} [])
+  (format-meta [])
+  )
+
 (defn- format-selects-common [prefix as xs]
-  (if (sequential? xs)
-    (let [[sqls params] (reduce-sql (map #(format-selectable-dsl % {:as as}) xs))]
-      (when-not (= :none *checking*)
-        (when (empty? xs)
-          (throw (ex-info (str prefix " empty column list is illegal")
-                          {:clause (into [prefix] xs)}))))
-      (into [(str (when prefix (str prefix " ")) (str/join ", " sqls))] params))
-    (let [[sql & params] (format-selectable-dsl xs {:as as})]
-      (into [(str (when prefix (str prefix " ")) sql)] params))))
+  (let [qualifier (format-meta xs)
+        prefix    (if prefix
+                    (cond-> prefix qualifier (str " " qualifier))
+                    qualifier)]
+    (if (sequential? xs)
+      (let [[sqls params] (reduce-sql (map #(format-selectable-dsl % {:as as}) xs))]
+        (when-not (= :none *checking*)
+          (when (empty? xs)
+            (throw (ex-info (str prefix " empty column list is illegal")
+                            {:clause (into [prefix] xs)}))))
+        (into [(str (when prefix (str prefix " ")) (str/join ", " sqls))] params))
+      (let [[sql & params] (format-selectable-dsl xs {:as as})]
+        (into [(str (when prefix (str prefix " ")) sql)] params)))))
 
 (defn- format-selects [k xs]
   (format-selects-common
@@ -1699,10 +1724,14 @@
                              ">")])
     :array
     (fn [_ [arr type]]
-      ;; allow for (unwrap arr) here?
-      (let [[sqls params] (format-expr-list arr)
-            type-str (when type (str "::" (sql-kw type) "[]"))]
-        (into [(str "ARRAY[" (str/join ", " sqls) "]" type-str)] params)))
+      ;; #512 allow for subquery here:
+      (if (map? arr)
+        (let [[sql & params] (format-dsl arr)]
+          (into [(str "ARRAY(" sql ")")] params))
+        ;; allow for (unwrap arr) here?
+        (let [[sqls params] (format-expr-list arr)
+              type-str (when type (str "::" (sql-kw type) "[]"))]
+          (into [(str "ARRAY[" (str/join ", " sqls) "]" type-str)] params))))
     :at-time-zone
     (fn [_ [expr tz]]
       (let [[sql & params] (format-expr expr {:nested true})
@@ -2348,5 +2377,5 @@
                :since  [2 :days :ago]
                :limit 2000}
               {:dialect :nrql :pretty true})
-
+  (sql/format {:select [[[:array {:select :* :from :table}] :arr]]})
   )
diff --git a/test/honey/sql_test.cljc b/test/honey/sql_test.cljc
index 911253a..c7544e3 100644
--- a/test/honey/sql_test.cljc
+++ b/test/honey/sql_test.cljc
@@ -296,7 +296,15 @@
     (is (= (format {:select [[[:array [] :integer]]]})
            ["SELECT ARRAY[]::INTEGER[]"]))
     (is (= (format {:select [[[:array [1 2] :text]]]})
-           ["SELECT ARRAY[?, ?]::TEXT[]" 1 2]))))
+           ["SELECT ARRAY[?, ?]::TEXT[]" 1 2])))
+  (testing "array subquery"
+    (is (= (format {:select [[[:array {:select [:foo] :from [:bar]}]]]})
+           ["SELECT ARRAY(SELECT foo FROM bar)"]))
+    (is (= (format {:select [[[:array {:select ^{:as :struct} [:foo :bar] :from [:bar]}]]]})
+           ["SELECT ARRAY(SELECT AS STRUCT foo, bar FROM bar)"]))
+    ;; documented subquery workaround:
+    (is (= (format {:select [[[:'ARRAY {:select [:foo] :from [:bar]}]]]})
+           ["SELECT ARRAY (SELECT foo FROM bar)"]))))
 
 (deftest union-test
   ;; UNION and INTERSECT subexpressions should not be parenthesized.
@@ -1276,6 +1284,15 @@ ORDER BY id = ? DESC
     (is (= ["INSERT INTO table VALUES (?)" unhashable]
            (sut/format {:insert-into :table :values [[unhashable]]})))))
 
+(deftest issue-512
+  (testing "select with metadata"
+    (is (= ["SELECT DISTINCT * FROM table"]
+           (sut/format {:select-distinct [:*] :from [:table]})))
+    (is (= ["SELECT DISTINCT * FROM table"]
+           (sut/format {:select ^{:distinct true} [:*] :from [:table]})))
+    (is (= ["SELECT DISTINCT * FROM table"]
+           (sut/format {:select ^:distinct [:*] :from [:table]})))))
+
 (comment
   ;; partial workaround for #407:
   (sut/format {:select :f.* :from [[:foo [:f :for :system-time]]] :where [:= :f.id 1]})