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< h1 id = "coercion-explained" > Coercion Explained< / h1 >
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< p > Coercion is a process of transforming parameters (and responses) from one format into another. Reitit separates routing and coercion into two separate steps.< / p >
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< p > By default, all wildcard and catch-all parameters are parsed into strings:< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [reitit.core < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :as< / span > r])
(< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > def< / span > < / span > router
(< span class = "hljs-name" > r/router< / span >
[< span class = "hljs-string" > " /:company/users/:user-id" < / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > ::user-view< / span > ]))
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > Match with the parsed < code > :path-params< / code > as strings:< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > r/match-by-path< / span > r < span class = "hljs-string" > " /metosin/users/123" < / span > )
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; #Match{:template " /:company/users/:user-id" ,< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :data {:name :user/user-view},< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :result nil,< / span >
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :path-params {:company " metosin" , :user-id " 123" },< / span >
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :path " /metosin/users/123" }< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > To enable parameter coercion, the following things need to be done:< / p >
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< ol >
< li > Define a < code > Coercion< / code > for the routes< / li >
< li > Define types for the parameters< / li >
< li > Compile coercers for the types< / li >
< li > Apply the coercion< / li >
< / ol >
< h2 id = "define-coercion" > Define Coercion< / h2 >
< p > < code > reitit.coercion/Coercion< / code > is a protocol defining how types are defined, coerced and inventoried.< / p >
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< p > Reitit ships with the following coercion modules:< / p >
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< ul >
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< li > < code > reitit.coercion.schema/coercion< / code > for < a href = "https://github.com/plumatic/schema" target = "_blank" > plumatic schema< / a > < / li >
< li > < code > reitit.coercion.spec/coercion< / code > for both < a href = "https://clojure.org/about/spec" target = "_blank" > clojure.spec< / a > and < a href = "https://github.com/metosin/spec-tools#data-specs" target = "_blank" > data-specs< / a > < / li >
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< / ul >
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< p > Coercion can be attached to route data under < code > :coercion< / code > key. There can be multiple < code > Coercion< / code > implementations within a single router, normal < a href = "../basics/route_data.html#nested-route-data" > scoping rules< / a > apply.< / p >
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< h2 id = "defining-parameters" > Defining parameters< / h2 >
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< p > Route parameters can be defined via route data < code > :parameters< / code > . It has keys for different type of parameters: < code > :query< / code > , < code > :body< / code > , < code > :form< / code > , < code > :header< / code > and < code > :path< / code > . Syntax for the actual parameters depends on the < code > Coercion< / code > implementation.< / p >
< p > Example with Schema path-parameters:< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [reitit.coercion.schema])
(< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [schema.core < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :as< / span > s])
(< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > def< / span > < / span > router
(< span class = "hljs-name" > r/router< / span >
[< span class = "hljs-string" > " /:company/users/:user-id" < / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :name< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > ::user-view< / span >
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :coercion< / span > reitit.coercion.schema/coercion
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :parameters< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :path< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :company< / span > s/Str
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :user-id< / span > s/Int}}}]))
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > A Match:< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > r/match-by-path< / span > r < span class = "hljs-string" > " /metosin/users/123" < / span > )
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; #Match{:template " /:company/users/:user-id" ,< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :data {:name :user/user-view,< / span >
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :coercion < < :schema> > < / span >
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :parameters {:path {:company java.lang.String,< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :user-id Int}}},< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :result nil,< / span >
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :path-params {:company " metosin" , :user-id " 123" },< / span >
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :path " /metosin/users/123" }< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > Coercion was not applied. Why? In Reitit, routing and coercion are separate processes and we have done just the routing part. We need to apply coercion after the successful routing.< / p >
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< p > But now we should have enough data on the match to apply the coercion.< / p >
< h2 id = "compiling-coercers" > Compiling coercers< / h2 >
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< p > Before the actual coercion, we < del > should< / del > need to compile the coercers against the route data. Compiled coercers yield much better performance and the manual step of adding a coercion compiler makes things explicit and non-magical.< / p >
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< p > Compiling can be done via a Middleware, Interceptor or a Router. We apply it now at router-level, effecting all routes (with < code > :parameters< / code > and < code > :coercion< / code > defined).< / p >
< p > There is a helper function < code > reitit.coercion/compile-request-coercers< / code > just for this:< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [reitit.coercion < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :as< / span > coercion])
(< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [reitit.coercion.schema])
(< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [schema.core < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :as< / span > s])
(< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > def< / span > < / span > router
(< span class = "hljs-name" > r/router< / span >
[< span class = "hljs-string" > " /:company/users/:user-id" < / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :name< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > ::user-view< / span >
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :coercion< / span > reitit.coercion.schema/coercion
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :parameters< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :path< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :company< / span > s/Str
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :user-id< / span > s/Int}}}]
{< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :compile< / span > coercion/compile-request-coercers}))
< / code > < / pre >
< p > Routing again:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > r/match-by-path< / span > r < span class = "hljs-string" > " /metosin/users/123" < / span > )
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; #Match{:template " /:company/users/:user-id" ,< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :data {:name :user/user-view,< / span >
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :coercion < < :schema> > < / span >
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :parameters {:path {:company java.lang.String,< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :user-id Int}}},< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :result {:path #object[reitit.coercion$request_coercer$]},< / span >
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :path-params {:company " metosin" , :user-id " 123" },< / span >
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :path " /metosin/users/123" }< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > The compiler added a < code > :result< / code > key into the match (done just once, at router creation time), which holds the compiled coercers. We are almost done.< / p >
< h2 id = "applying-coercion" > Applying coercion< / h2 >
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< p > We can use a helper function < code > reitit.coercion/coerce!< / code > to do the actual coercion, based on a < code > Match< / code > :< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > coercion/coerce!< / span >
(< span class = "hljs-name" > r/match-by-path< / span > router < span class = "hljs-string" > " /metosin/users/123" < / span > ))
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; {:path {:company " metosin" , :user-id 123}}< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
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< p > We get the coerced paremeters back. If a coercion fails, a typed (< code > :reitit.coercion/request-coercion< / code > ) ExceptionInfo is thrown, with data about the actual error:< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > coercion/coerce!< / span >
(< span class = "hljs-name" > r/match-by-path< / span > router < span class = "hljs-string" > " /metosin/users/ikitommi" < / span > ))
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; => ExceptionInfo Request coercion failed:< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; #CoercionError{:schema {:company java.lang.String, :user-id Int, Any Any},< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :errors {:user-id (not (integer? " ikitommi" ))}}< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; clojure.core/ex-info (core.clj:4739)< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "full-example" > Full example< / h2 >
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< p > Here' s an full example for doing routing and coercion with Reitit and Schema:< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [reitit.coercion.schema])
(< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [reitit.coercion < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :as< / span > coercion])
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(< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [reitit.core < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :as< / span > r])
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(< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [schema.core < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :as< / span > s])
(< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > def< / span > < / span > router
(< span class = "hljs-name" > r/router< / span >
[< span class = "hljs-string" > " /:company/users/:user-id" < / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :name< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > ::user-view< / span >
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :coercion< / span > reitit.coercion.schema/coercion
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :parameters< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :path< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :company< / span > s/Str
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :user-id< / span > s/Int}}}]
{< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :compile< / span > coercion/compile-request-coercers}))
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(< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > defn< / span > < / span > match-by-path-and-coerce! [path]
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(< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > if-let< / span > < / span > [match (< span class = "hljs-name" > r/match-by-path< / span > router path)]
(< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > assoc< / span > < / span > match < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :parameters< / span > (< span class = "hljs-name" > coercion/coerce!< / span > match))))
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(< span class = "hljs-name" > match-by-path-and-coerce!< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " /metosin/users/123" < / span > )
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; #Match{:template " /:company/users/:user-id" ,< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :data {:name :user/user-view,< / span >
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :coercion < < :schema> > < / span >
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :parameters {:path {:company java.lang.String,< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :user-id Int}}},< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :result {:path #object[reitit.coercion$request_coercer$]},< / span >
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :path-params {:company " metosin" , :user-id " 123" },< / span >
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :parameters {:path {:company " metosin" , :user-id 123}}< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :path " /metosin/users/123" }< / span >
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(< span class = "hljs-name" > match-by-path-and-coerce!< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " /metosin/users/ikitommi" < / span > )
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; => ExceptionInfo Request coercion failed...< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "ring-coercion" > Ring Coercion< / h2 >
< p > For a full-blown http-coercion, see the < a href = "../ring/coercion.html" > ring coercion< / a > .< / p >
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