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Tommi Reiman 2017-09-08 08:29:39 +03:00
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@ -159,12 +159,14 @@ Routes can have arbitrary meta-data. For nested routes, the meta-data is accumul
A router based on nested route tree: A router based on nested route tree:
```clj ```clj
(def router
(reitit/router (reitit/router
["/api" {:interceptors [::api]} ["/api" {:interceptors [::api]}
["/ping" ::ping] ["/ping" ::ping]
["/admin" {:roles #{:admin}} ["/admin" {:roles #{:admin}}
["/users" ::users] ["/users" ::users]
["/db" {:interceptors [::db], :roles ^:replace #{:db-admin}} ["/db" {:interceptors [::db]
:roles ^:replace #{:db-admin}}
["/:db" {:parameters {:db String}} ["/:db" {:parameters {:db String}}
["/drop" ::drop-db] ["/drop" ::drop-db]
["/stats" ::db-stats]]]]])) ["/stats" ::db-stats]]]]]))
@ -233,7 +235,7 @@ Route trees should not have multiple routes that match to a single (request) pat
## Ring ## Ring
[Ring](https://github.com/ring-clojure/ring)-router adds support for ring [handlers](https://github.com/ring-clojure/ring/wiki/Concepts#handlers), [middleware](https://github.com/ring-clojure/ring/wiki/Concepts#middleware) and routing based on `:request-method`. Ring-router is created with `reitit.ring/router` function. It validates that all paths have a `:handler` defined and expands `:middleware` to create accumulated handlers for all request-methods. `reitit.ring/ring-handler` creates an actual ring handler out of a ring-router. [Ring](https://github.com/ring-clojure/ring)-router adds support for ring concepts like [handlers](https://github.com/ring-clojure/ring/wiki/Concepts#handlers), [middleware](https://github.com/ring-clojure/ring/wiki/Concepts#middleware) and routing based on `:request-method`. Ring-router is created with `reitit.ring/router` function. It runs a custom route compiler, creating a optimized stucture for handling route matches, with compiled middleware chain & handlers for all request methods. It also ensures that all routes have a `:handler` defined.
Simple Ring app: Simple Ring app:
@ -249,13 +251,6 @@ Simple Ring app:
["/ping" handler]))) ["/ping" handler])))
``` ```
The expanded routes:
```clj
(-> app (ring/get-router) (reitit/routes))
; [["/ping" {:handler #object[...]}]]
```
Applying the handler: Applying the handler:
```clj ```clj
@ -266,8 +261,23 @@ Applying the handler:
; {:status 200, :body "ok"} ; {:status 200, :body "ok"}
``` ```
The expanded routes:
```clj
(-> app (ring/get-router) (reitit/routes))
; [["/ping"
; {:handler #object[user$handler 0x5c312d6f "user$handler@5c312d6f"]}
; #Methods{:any #Endpoint{:meta {:handler #object[...]},
; :handler #object[...],
; :middleware []}}]]
```
Note that the compiled resuts as third element in the route vector.
### Request-method based routing ### Request-method based routing
Handler are also looked under request-method keys: `:get`, `:head`, `:patch`, `:delete`, `:options`, `:post` or `:put`. Top-level handler is used if request-method based handler is not found.
```clj ```clj
(def app (def app
(ring/ring-handler (ring/ring-handler
@ -295,10 +305,10 @@ Reverse routing:
### Middleware ### Middleware
`:middleware` should be a vector of either of the following (expanded via the `reitit.middleware/ExpandMiddleware`: Middleware can be added with a `:middleware` key, with a vector value of the following:
1. a ring middleware function of `handler -> request -> response` 1. ring middleware function (`handler -> request -> response`)
2. a vector of middleware function (`handler args -> request -> response`) and it's args - actial middleware is created by applying function with handler and args 2. vector of middleware function (`handler ?args -> request -> response`) and optinally it's args.
Let's define some middleware and a handler: Let's define some middleware and a handler:
@ -307,9 +317,6 @@ Let's define some middleware and a handler:
(fn [request] (fn [request]
(handler (update request ::acc (fnil conj []) id)))) (handler (update request ::acc (fnil conj []) id))))
(defn wrap-api [handler]
(wrap handler :api))
(defn handler [{:keys [::acc]}] (defn handler [{:keys [::acc]}]
{:status 200, :body (conj acc :handler)}) {:status 200, :body (conj acc :handler)})
``` ```
@ -320,7 +327,7 @@ App with nested middleware:
(def app (def app
(ring/ring-handler (ring/ring-handler
(ring/router (ring/router
["/api" {:middleware [wrap-api]} ["/api" {:middleware [#(wrap % :api)]}
["/ping" handler] ["/ping" handler]
["/admin" {:middleware [[wrap :admin]]} ["/admin" {:middleware [[wrap :admin]]}
["/db" {:middleware [[wrap :db]] ["/db" {:middleware [[wrap :db]]
@ -342,57 +349,48 @@ Middleware is applied correctly:
### Middleware Records ### Middleware Records
Besides just being opaque functions, middleware can be presented as first-class data entries, `reitit.middleware/Middleware` records. They are created with `reitit.middleware/create` function and must have a `:name` and either `:wrap` or `:gen` key with the actual middleware function or a [middleware generator function](#compiling-middleware). Reitit supports first-class data-driven middleware via `reitit.middleware/Middleware` records, created with `reitit.middleware/create` function. The following keys have special purpose:
When routes are compiled, middleware records are unwrapped into normal middleware functions producing no runtime performance penalty. Thanks to the `ExpandMiddleware` protocol, plain clojure(script) maps can also be used - they get expanded into middleware records. | key | description |
| -----------|-------------|
| `:name` | Name of the middleware as qualified keyword (optional,recommended for libs)
| `:wrap` | The actual middleware function of `handler args? => request => response`
| `:gen` | Middleware compile function, see [compiling middleware](#compiling-middleware).
The previous middleware re-written as records: Behind the scenes, when routes are compiled, all middleware are first expanded into `Middleware` and stored as such in compilation results to be used for api-docs etc. For actual request processing, they are unwrapped into normal middleware functions producing zero runtime performance penalty. Thanks to the `reitit.middleware/IntoMiddleware` protocol, plain clojure(script) maps can also be used.
A Record:
```clj ```clj
(require '[reitit.middleware :as middleware]) (require '[reitit.middleware :as middleware])
(def wrap2 (def wrap2
(middleware/create (middleware/create
{:name ::wrap {:name ::wrap2
:description "a nice little mw, takes 1 arg." :description "a nice little mw, takes 1 arg."
:wrap wrap})) :wrap wrap}))
(def wrap2-api
{:name ::wrap-api
:description "a nice little mw, :api as arg"
:wrap (fn [handler]
(wrap handler :api))})
``` ```
Or as maps: As plain map:
```clj ```clj
(require '[reitit.middleware :as middleware]) ;; plain map
(def wrap3 (def wrap3
{:name ::wrap {:name ::wrap3
:description "a nice little mw, takes 1 arg."
:wrap wrap})
(def wrap3-api
{:name ::wrap-api
:description "a nice little mw, :api as arg" :description "a nice little mw, :api as arg"
:wrap (fn [handler] :wrap (fn [handler]
(wrap handler :api))}) (wrap handler :api))})
``` ```
### Async Ring ### Async Ring
All built-in middleware provide both the 2 and 3-arity, so they work with [Async Ring](https://www.booleanknot.com/blog/2016/07/15/asynchronous-ring.html) too. All built-in middleware provide both the 2 and 3-arity, so they work with [Async Ring](https://www.booleanknot.com/blog/2016/07/15/asynchronous-ring.html) too.
### Meta-data based extensions ### Meta-data based extensions
The routing `Match` is injected into a request and can be extracted with `reitit.ring/get-match`. It can be used to build dynamic extensions to the system. `ring-handler` injects the `Match` into a request and it can be extracted at runtime with `reitit.ring/get-match`. This can be used to build dynamic extensions to the system.
A middleware to guard routes: A middleware to guard routes based on user roles:
```clj ```clj
(require '[clojure.set :as set]) (require '[clojure.set :as set])
@ -443,9 +441,9 @@ Authorized access to guarded route:
## Parameter coercion ## Parameter coercion
Reitit ships with pluggable parameter coercion via `reitit.coercion.protocol/Coercion` protocol. `reitit.coercion.spec/SpecCoercion` provides implements it for [clojure.spec](https://clojure.org/about/spec) & [data-specs](https://github.com/metosin/spec-tools#data-specs). Reitit provides pluggable parameter coercion via `reitit.coercion.protocol/Coercion` protocol, originally introduced in [compojure-api](https://clojars.org/metosin/compojure-api). Reitit ships with `reitit.coercion.spec/SpecCoercion` providing implemenation for [clojure.spec](https://clojure.org/about/spec) and [data-specs](https://github.com/metosin/spec-tools#data-specs).
**NOTE**: to use the spec-coercion, one needs to add the following dependencies manually to the project: **NOTE**: Before Clojure 1.9.0 is shipped, to use the spec-coercion, one needs to add the following dependencies manually to the project:
```clj ```clj
[org.clojure/clojure "1.9.0-alpha19"] [org.clojure/clojure "1.9.0-alpha19"]
@ -536,13 +534,13 @@ If either request or response coercion fails, an descriptive error is thrown.
## Compiling Middleware ## Compiling Middleware
The [meta-data extensions](#meta-data-based-extensions) are a easy way to extend the system. Routes meta-data can be trasnformed into any shape (records, functions etc.) in route compilation, enabling easy access at request-time. The [meta-data extensions](#meta-data-based-extensions) are a easy way to extend the system. Routes meta-data can be transformed into any shape (records, functions etc.) in route compilation, enabling fast access at request-time.
Still, we can do better. As we know the exact route interceptor/middleware is linked to, we can pass the (compiled) route information into the interceptor/middleware at creation-time. It can extract and transform relevant data just for it and pass it into the actual request-handler via a closure. We can do all the static local computations forehand, yielding faster runtime processing. Still, we can do better. As we know the exact route that interceptor/middleware is linked to, we can pass the (compiled) route information into the interceptor/middleware at creation-time. It can extract and transform relevant data just for it and pass it into the actual request-handler via a closure - yielding faster runtime processing.
To do this we use [middleware records](#middleware-records) `:gen` hook instead of the normal `:wrap`. `:gen` expects a function of `route-meta router-opts => wrap`. Instead of returning the actual middleware function, the middleware record can also decide no to mount itsef byt returning `nil`. Why mount `wrap-enforce-roles` for a route if there are no roles required for it? To do this we use [middleware records](#middleware-records) `:gen` hook instead of the normal `:wrap`. `:gen` expects a function of `route-meta router-opts => wrap`. Middleware can also return `nil`, which effective unmounts the middleware. Why mount a `wrap-enforce-roles` middleware for a route if there are no roles required for it?
To demonstrate the two approaches, below are response coercion middleware written as normal ring middleware function and as middleware record with `:gen`. The actual codes are from `reitit.coercion`: To demonstrate the two approaches, below are response coercion middleware written as normal ring middleware function and as middleware record with `:gen`. These are the actual codes are from `reitit.coercion`:
### Naive ### Naive
@ -552,7 +550,7 @@ To demonstrate the two approaches, below are response coercion middleware writte
(defn wrap-coerce-response (defn wrap-coerce-response
"Pluggable response coercion middleware. "Pluggable response coercion middleware.
Expects a :coercion of type `reitit.coercion.protocol/Coercion` Expects a :coercion of type `reitit.coercion.protocol/Coercion`
and :responeses from route meta, otherwise does not mount." and :responses from route meta, otherwise does not mount."
[handler] [handler]
(fn (fn
([request] ([request]
@ -562,7 +560,7 @@ To demonstrate the two approaches, below are response coercion middleware writte
responses (-> match :result method :meta :responses) responses (-> match :result method :meta :responses)
coercion (-> match :meta :coercion) coercion (-> match :meta :coercion)
opts (-> match :meta :opts)] opts (-> match :meta :opts)]
(if (and coercion responses) (if coercion
(let [coercers (response-coercers coercion responses opts) (let [coercers (response-coercers coercion responses opts)
coerced (coerce-response coercers request response)] coerced (coerce-response coercers request response)]
(coerce-response coercers request (handler request))) (coerce-response coercers request (handler request)))
@ -574,7 +572,7 @@ To demonstrate the two approaches, below are response coercion middleware writte
responses (-> match :result method :meta :responses) responses (-> match :result method :meta :responses)
coercion (-> match :meta :coercion) coercion (-> match :meta :coercion)
opts (-> match :meta :opts)] opts (-> match :meta :opts)]
(if (and coercion responses) (if coercion
(let [coercers (response-coercers coercion responses opts) (let [coercers (response-coercers coercion responses opts)
coerced (coerce-response coercers request response)] coerced (coerce-response coercers request response)]
(handler request #(respond (coerce-response coercers request %)))) (handler request #(respond (coerce-response coercers request %))))
@ -605,7 +603,7 @@ To demonstrate the two approaches, below are response coercion middleware writte
(handler request #(respond (coerce-response coercers request %)) raise)))))))})) (handler request #(respond (coerce-response coercers request %)) raise)))))))}))
``` ```
The `:gen` -version is both much easier to understand but also 2-4x faster on basic perf tests. The `:gen` -version has 50% less code, is easier to reason about and is 2-4x faster on basic perf tests.
## Merging route-trees ## Merging route-trees
@ -644,6 +642,10 @@ To all Clojure(Script) routing libs out there, expecially to
[Ataraxy](https://github.com/weavejester/ataraxy), [Bide](https://github.com/funcool/bide), [Bidi](https://github.com/juxt/bidi), [Compojure](https://github.com/weavejester/compojure) and [Ataraxy](https://github.com/weavejester/ataraxy), [Bide](https://github.com/funcool/bide), [Bidi](https://github.com/juxt/bidi), [Compojure](https://github.com/weavejester/compojure) and
[Pedestal](https://github.com/pedestal/pedestal/tree/master/route). [Pedestal](https://github.com/pedestal/pedestal/tree/master/route).
Also to [Compojure-api](https://github.com/metosin/compojure-api), [Kekkonen](https://github.com/metosin/kekkonen) and [Ring-swagger](https://github.com/metosin/ring-swagger) and for the data-driven syntax, coercion & stuff.
And some [Yada](https://github.com/juxt/yada) too.
## License ## License
Copyright © 2017 [Metosin Oy](http://www.metosin.fi) Copyright © 2017 [Metosin Oy](http://www.metosin.fi)