From 4e22fd2f53389dc424fa400f5b20dc4141bb549c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tommi Reiman <tommi@iki.fi>
Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2017 08:14:06 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 1/5] Allow middleware to be compiled (fixes #26)

Match :handler => :result
---
 README.md                             |  16 ++--
 src/reitit/core.cljc                  |  26 +++---
 src/reitit/impl.cljc                  |   8 +-
 src/reitit/middleware.cljc            |  45 +++++++--
 src/reitit/ring.cljc                  |   3 +-
 test/cljc/reitit/core_test.cljc       |  12 +--
 test/cljc/reitit/middleware_test.cljc | 129 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 test/cljc/reitit/ring_test.cljc       |  46 +--------
 8 files changed, 197 insertions(+), 88 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 test/cljc/reitit/middleware_test.cljc

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index f73c3178..c24c9bfb 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Route names:
 ; #Match{:template "/api/user/:id"
 ;        :meta {:name :user/user}
 ;        :path "/api/user/1"
-;        :handler nil
+;        :result nil
 ;        :params {:id "1"}}
 ```
 
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ Route names:
 (reitit/match-by-name router ::user)
 ; #PartialMatch{:template "/api/user/:id",
 ;               :meta {:name :user/user},
-;               :handler nil,
+;               :result nil,
 ;               :params nil,
 ;               :required #{:id}}
 
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ Only a partial match. Let's provide the path-parameters:
 ; #Match{:template "/api/user/:id"
 ;        :meta {:name :user/user}
 ;        :path "/api/user/1"
-;        :handler nil
+;        :result nil
 ;        :params {:id "1"}}
 ```
 
@@ -201,13 +201,13 @@ Path-based routing:
 ;               :interceptors [::api ::admin]
 ;               :roles #{:root}}
 ;        :path "/api/admin/root"
-;        :handler nil
+;        :result nil
 ;        :params {}}
 ```
 
 On match, route meta-data is returned and can interpreted by the application.
 
-Routers also support meta-data compilation enabling things like fast [Ring](https://github.com/ring-clojure/ring) or [Pedestal](http://pedestal.io/) -style handlers. Compilation results are found under `:handler` in the match. See [configuring routers](#configuring-routers) for details.
+Routers also support meta-data compilation enabling things like fast [Ring](https://github.com/ring-clojure/ring) or [Pedestal](http://pedestal.io/) -style handlers. Compilation results are found under `:result` in the match. See [configuring routers](#configuring-routers) for details.
 
 ## Route conflicts
 
@@ -225,10 +225,10 @@ Route trees should not have multiple routes that match to a single (request) pat
 ;    /:user-id/orders
 ; -> /public/*path
 ; -> /bulk/:bulk-id
-; 
+;
 ;    /bulk/:bulk-id
 ; -> /:version/status
-; 
+;
 ;    /public/*path
 ; -> /:version/status
 ;
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ Routers can be configured via options. Options allow things like [`clojure.spec`
   | `:meta`      | Initial expanded route-meta vector (default `[]`)
   | `:expand`    | Function of `arg opts => meta` to expand route arg to route meta-data (default `reitit.core/expand`)
   | `:coerce`    | Function of `route opts => route` to coerce resolved route, can throw or return `nil`
-  | `:compile`   | Function of `route opts => handler` to compile a route handler
+  | `:compile`   | Function of `route opts => result` to compile a route handler
   | `:conflicts` | Function of `{route #{route}} => side-effect` to handle conflicting routes (default `reitit.core/throw-on-conflicts!`)
   | `:router`    | Function of `routes opts => router` to override the actual router implementation
 
diff --git a/src/reitit/core.cljc b/src/reitit/core.cljc
index 003c4040..ae1282fb 100644
--- a/src/reitit/core.cljc
+++ b/src/reitit/core.cljc
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
            (if (seq childs)
              (walk-many (str pacc path) macc childs)
              [[(str pacc path) macc]]))))]
-    (walk-one path meta data)))
+    (walk-one path (mapv identity meta) data)))
 
 (defn map-meta [f routes]
   (mapv #(update % 1 f) routes))
@@ -100,8 +100,8 @@
   (match-by-path [this path])
   (match-by-name [this name] [this name params]))
 
-(defrecord Match [template meta handler params path])
-(defrecord PartialMatch [template meta handler params required])
+(defrecord Match [template meta result params path])
+(defrecord PartialMatch [template meta result params required])
 
 (defn partial-match? [x]
   (instance? PartialMatch x))
@@ -132,11 +132,11 @@
    (let [compiled (map #(compile-route % opts) routes)
          names (find-names routes opts)
          [data lookup] (reduce
-                         (fn [[data lookup] [p {:keys [name] :as meta} handler]]
-                           (let [{:keys [params] :as route} (impl/create [p meta handler])
+                         (fn [[data lookup] [p {:keys [name] :as meta} result]]
+                           (let [{:keys [params] :as route} (impl/create [p meta result])
                                  f #(if-let [path (impl/path-for route %)]
-                                      (->Match p meta handler % path)
-                                      (->PartialMatch p meta handler % params))]
+                                      (->Match p meta result % path)
+                                      (->PartialMatch p meta result % params))]
                              [(conj data route)
                               (if name (assoc lookup name f) lookup)]))
                          [[] {}] compiled)
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
          (reduce
            (fn [acc ^Route route]
              (if-let [params ((:matcher route) path)]
-               (reduced (->Match (:path route) (:meta route) (:handler route) params path))))
+               (reduced (->Match (:path route) (:meta route) (:result route) params path))))
            nil data))
        (match-by-name [_ name]
          (if-let [match (impl/fast-get lookup name)]
@@ -179,10 +179,10 @@
    (let [compiled (map #(compile-route % opts) routes)
          names (find-names routes opts)
          [data lookup] (reduce
-                         (fn [[data lookup] [p {:keys [name] :as meta} handler]]
-                           [(assoc data p (->Match p meta handler {} p))
+                         (fn [[data lookup] [p {:keys [name] :as meta} result]]
+                           [(assoc data p (->Match p meta result {} p))
                             (if name
-                              (assoc lookup name #(->Match p meta handler % p))
+                              (assoc lookup name #(->Match p meta result % p))
                               lookup)]) [{} {}] compiled)
          data (impl/fast-map data)
          lookup (impl/fast-map lookup)]
@@ -244,10 +244,10 @@
   | -------------|-------------|
   | `:path`      | Base-path for routes (default `\"\"`)
   | `:routes`    | Initial resolved routes (default `[]`)
-  | `:meta`      | Initial expanded route-meta vector (default `[]`)
+  | `:meta`      | Initial route meta (default `{}`)
   | `:expand`    | Function of `arg opts => meta` to expand route arg to route meta-data (default `reitit.core/expand`)
   | `:coerce`    | Function of `route opts => route` to coerce resolved route, can throw or return `nil`
-  | `:compile`   | Function of `route opts => handler` to compile a route handler
+  | `:compile`   | Function of `route opts => result` to compile a route handler
   | `:conflicts` | Function of `{route #{route}} => side-effect` to handle conflicting routes (default `reitit.core/throw-on-conflicts!`)
   | `:router`    | Function of `routes opts => router` to override the actual router implementation"
   ([data]
diff --git a/src/reitit/impl.cljc b/src/reitit/impl.cljc
index 217a48fb..be1e610c 100644
--- a/src/reitit/impl.cljc
+++ b/src/reitit/impl.cljc
@@ -101,15 +101,15 @@
 ;; Routing (c) Metosin
 ;;
 
-(defrecord Route [path matcher parts params meta handler])
+(defrecord Route [path matcher parts params meta result])
 
-(defn create [[path meta handler]]
+(defn create [[path meta result]]
   (if (contains-wilds? path)
     (as-> (parse-path path) $
           (assoc $ :path-re (path-regex $))
           (merge $ {:path path
                     :matcher (path-matcher $)
-                    :handler handler
+                    :result result
                     :meta meta})
           (dissoc $ :path-re :path-constraints)
           (update $ :path-params set)
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
     (map->Route {:path path
                  :meta meta
                  :matcher #(if (= path %) {})
-                 :handler handler})))
+                 :result result})))
 
 (defn segments [path]
   (let [ss (-> (str/split path #"/") rest vec)]
diff --git a/src/reitit/middleware.cljc b/src/reitit/middleware.cljc
index 0dd97da7..853fc50d 100644
--- a/src/reitit/middleware.cljc
+++ b/src/reitit/middleware.cljc
@@ -1,24 +1,45 @@
 (ns reitit.middleware
   (:require [meta-merge.core :refer [meta-merge]]
-            [reitit.core :as reitit]))
+            [reitit.core :as reitit])
+  #?(:clj
+     (:import (clojure.lang IFn AFn))))
 
 (defprotocol ExpandMiddleware
-  (expand-middleware [this opts]))
+  (expand-middleware [this meta opts]))
+
+(defrecord MiddlewareGenerator [f args]
+  IFn
+  (invoke [_]
+    (f nil nil))
+  (invoke [_ meta]
+    (f meta nil))
+  (invoke [_ meta opts]
+    (f meta opts))
+  #?(:clj
+     (applyTo [this args]
+       (AFn/applyToHelper this args))))
 
 (extend-protocol ExpandMiddleware
 
   #?(:clj  clojure.lang.APersistentVector
      :cljs cljs.core.PersistentVector)
-  (expand-middleware [[f & args] _]
-    (fn [handler]
-      (apply f handler args)))
+  (expand-middleware [[f & args] meta opts]
+    (if-let [mw (expand-middleware f meta opts)]
+      (fn [handler]
+        (apply mw handler args))))
 
   #?(:clj  clojure.lang.Fn
      :cljs function)
-  (expand-middleware [this _] this)
+  (expand-middleware [this _ _] this)
+
+  MiddlewareGenerator
+  (expand-middleware [this meta opts]
+    (if-let [mw (this meta opts)]
+      (fn [handler & args]
+        (apply mw handler args))))
 
   nil
-  (expand-middleware [_ _]))
+  (expand-middleware [_ _ _]))
 
 (defn- ensure-handler! [path meta scope]
   (when-not (:handler meta)
@@ -28,18 +49,22 @@
              (merge {:path path, :meta meta}
                     (if scope {:scope scope}))))))
 
-(defn compose-middleware [middleware opts]
+(defn compose-middleware [middleware meta opts]
   (->> middleware
        (keep identity)
-       (map #(expand-middleware % opts))
+       (map #(expand-middleware % meta opts))
+       (keep identity)
        (apply comp identity)))
 
+(defn gen [f & args]
+  (->MiddlewareGenerator f args))
+
 (defn compile-handler
   ([route opts]
    (compile-handler route opts nil))
   ([[path {:keys [middleware handler] :as meta}] opts scope]
    (ensure-handler! path meta scope)
-   ((compose-middleware middleware opts) handler)))
+   ((compose-middleware middleware meta opts) handler)))
 
 (defn router
   ([data]
diff --git a/src/reitit/ring.cljc b/src/reitit/ring.cljc
index 2badd934..5ff83a98 100644
--- a/src/reitit/ring.cljc
+++ b/src/reitit/ring.cljc
@@ -60,6 +60,5 @@
   ([data]
    (router data nil))
   ([data opts]
-   (let [opts (meta-merge {:coerce coerce-handler
-                           :compile compile-handler} opts)]
+   (let [opts (meta-merge {:coerce coerce-handler, :compile compile-handler} opts)]
      (reitit/router data opts))))
diff --git a/test/cljc/reitit/core_test.cljc b/test/cljc/reitit/core_test.cljc
index d292fc23..5dfe38f2 100644
--- a/test/cljc/reitit/core_test.cljc
+++ b/test/cljc/reitit/core_test.cljc
@@ -96,15 +96,15 @@
                  (reitit/routes router))))
         (testing "route match contains compiled handler"
           (is (= 2 @compile-times))
-          (let [{:keys [handler]} (reitit/match-by-path router "/api/pong")]
-            (is handler)
-            (is (= "/api/pong" (handler)))
+          (let [{:keys [result]} (reitit/match-by-path router "/api/pong")]
+            (is result)
+            (is (= "/api/pong" (result)))
             (is (= 2 @compile-times))))))
     (testing "default compile"
       (let [router (reitit/router ["/ping" (constantly "ok")])]
-        (let [{:keys [handler]} (reitit/match-by-path router "/ping")]
-          (is handler)
-          (is (= "ok" (handler)))))))
+        (let [{:keys [result]} (reitit/match-by-path router "/ping")]
+          (is result)
+          (is (= "ok" (result)))))))
 
   (testing "custom router"
     (let [router (reitit/router ["/ping"] {:router (fn [_ _]
diff --git a/test/cljc/reitit/middleware_test.cljc b/test/cljc/reitit/middleware_test.cljc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3c57b2aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cljc/reitit/middleware_test.cljc
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+(ns reitit.middleware-test
+  (:require [clojure.test :refer [deftest testing is]]
+            [reitit.middleware :as middleware]
+            [clojure.set :as set]
+            [reitit.core :as reitit])
+  #?(:clj
+     (:import (clojure.lang ExceptionInfo))))
+
+(defn mw [handler name]
+  (fn
+    ([request]
+     (-> request
+         (update ::mw (fnil conj []) name)
+         (handler)
+         (update :body (fnil conj []) name)))
+    ([request respond raise]
+     (handler
+       (update request ::mw (fnil conj []) name)
+       #(respond (update % :body (fnil conj []) name))
+       raise))))
+
+(defn handler
+  ([{:keys [::mw]}]
+   {:status 200 :body (conj mw :ok)})
+  ([request respond raise]
+   (respond (handler request))))
+
+(deftest expand-middleware-test
+  (testing "middleware generators"
+    (let [calls (atom 0)]
+
+      (testing "record generator"
+        (reset! calls 0)
+        (let [syntax [(middleware/gen
+                        (fn [meta _]
+                          (swap! calls inc)
+                          (fn [handler value]
+                            (swap! calls inc)
+                            (fn [request]
+                              [meta value request]))))]
+              app ((middleware/compose-middleware syntax :meta {}) identity :value)]
+          (dotimes [_ 10]
+            (is (= [:meta :value :request] (app :request)))
+            (is (= 2 @calls)))))
+
+      (testing "middleware generator as function"
+        (reset! calls 0)
+        (let [syntax (middleware/gen
+                       (fn [meta _]
+                         (swap! calls inc)
+                         (fn [handler value]
+                           (swap! calls inc)
+                           (fn [request]
+                             [meta value request]))))
+              app ((syntax :meta nil) identity :value)]
+          (dotimes [_ 10]
+            (is (= [:meta :value :request] (app :request)))
+            (is (= 2 @calls)))))
+
+      (testing "generator vector"
+        (reset! calls 0)
+        (let [syntax [[(middleware/gen
+                         (fn [meta _]
+                           (swap! calls inc)
+                           (fn [handler value]
+                             (swap! calls inc)
+                             (fn [request]
+                               [meta value request])))) :value]]
+              app ((middleware/compose-middleware syntax :meta {}) identity)]
+          (is (= [:meta :value :request] (app :request)))
+          (dotimes [_ 10]
+            (is (= [:meta :value :request] (app :request)))
+            (is (= 2 @calls)))))
+
+      (testing "generator can return nil"
+        (reset! calls 0)
+        (let [syntax [[(middleware/gen
+                         (fn [meta _])) :value]]
+              app ((middleware/compose-middleware syntax :meta {}) identity)]
+          (is (= :request (app :request)))
+          (dotimes [_ 10]
+            (is (= :request (app :request)))))))))
+
+
+(deftest middleware-router-test
+
+  (testing "all paths should have a handler"
+    (is (thrown-with-msg?
+          ExceptionInfo
+          #"path \"/ping\" doesn't have a :handler defined"
+          (middleware/router ["/ping"]))))
+
+  (testing "ring-handler"
+    (let [api-mw #(mw % :api)
+          router (middleware/router
+                   [["/ping" handler]
+                    ["/api" {:middleware [api-mw]}
+                     ["/ping" handler]
+                     ["/admin" {:middleware [[mw :admin]]}
+                      ["/ping" handler]]]])
+          app (fn
+                ([{:keys [uri] :as request}]
+                 (if-let [handler (:result (reitit/match-by-path router uri))]
+                   (handler request)))
+                ([{:keys [uri] :as request} respond raise]
+                 (if-let [handler (:result (reitit/match-by-path router uri))]
+                   (handler request respond raise))))]
+
+      (testing "not found"
+        (is (= nil (app {:uri "/favicon.ico"}))))
+
+      (testing "normal handler"
+        (is (= {:status 200, :body [:ok]}
+               (app {:uri "/ping"}))))
+
+      (testing "with middleware"
+        (is (= {:status 200, :body [:api :ok :api]}
+               (app {:uri "/api/ping"}))))
+
+      (testing "with nested middleware"
+        (is (= {:status 200, :body [:api :admin :ok :admin :api]}
+               (app {:uri "/api/admin/ping"}))))
+
+      (testing "3-arity"
+        (let [result (atom nil)
+              respond (partial reset! result), raise ::not-called]
+          (app {:uri "/api/admin/ping"} respond raise)
+          (is (= {:status 200, :body [:api :admin :ok :admin :api]}
+                 @result)))))))
diff --git a/test/cljc/reitit/ring_test.cljc b/test/cljc/reitit/ring_test.cljc
index 641c40a7..8029d55f 100644
--- a/test/cljc/reitit/ring_test.cljc
+++ b/test/cljc/reitit/ring_test.cljc
@@ -26,50 +26,6 @@
   ([request respond raise]
    (respond (handler request))))
 
-(deftest middleware-router-test
-
-  (testing "all paths should have a handler"
-    (is (thrown-with-msg?
-          ExceptionInfo
-          #"path \"/ping\" doesn't have a :handler defined"
-          (middleware/router ["/ping"]))))
-
-  (testing "ring-handler"
-    (let [api-mw #(mw % :api)
-          router (middleware/router
-                   [["/ping" handler]
-                    ["/api" {:middleware [api-mw]}
-                     ["/ping" handler]
-                     ["/admin" {:middleware [[mw :admin]]}
-                      ["/ping" handler]]]])
-          app (ring/ring-handler router)]
-
-      (testing "router can be extracted"
-        (is (= router (ring/get-router app))))
-
-      (testing "not found"
-        (is (= nil (app {:uri "/favicon.ico"}))))
-
-      (testing "normal handler"
-        (is (= {:status 200, :body [:ok]}
-               (app {:uri "/ping"}))))
-
-      (testing "with middleware"
-        (is (= {:status 200, :body [:api :ok :api]}
-               (app {:uri "/api/ping"}))))
-
-      (testing "with nested middleware"
-        (is (= {:status 200, :body [:api :admin :ok :admin :api]}
-               (app {:uri "/api/admin/ping"}))))
-
-      (testing "3-arity"
-        (let [result (atom nil)
-              respond (partial reset! result), raise ::not-called]
-          (app {:uri "/api/admin/ping"} respond raise)
-          (is (= {:status 200, :body [:api :admin :ok :admin :api]}
-                 @result)))))))
-
-
 (deftest ring-router-test
 
   (testing "all paths should have a handler"
@@ -142,7 +98,7 @@
 
       (testing "only top-level route names are matched"
         (is (= [::all ::get ::users]
-              (reitit/route-names router))))
+               (reitit/route-names router))))
 
       (testing "all named routes can be matched"
         (doseq [name (reitit/route-names router)]

From 86acee9098e6771a63cbae46f602aee769f4d67b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tommi Reiman <tommi@iki.fi>
Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2017 08:16:21 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 2/5] Polish perf tests

---
 .../clj/reitit/opensensors_routing_test.clj   | 64 +++++++++++--------
 perf-test/clj/reitit/perf_test.clj            | 17 ++---
 perf-test/clj/reitit/perf_utils.clj           | 16 +++++
 3 files changed, 57 insertions(+), 40 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 perf-test/clj/reitit/perf_utils.clj

diff --git a/perf-test/clj/reitit/opensensors_routing_test.clj b/perf-test/clj/reitit/opensensors_routing_test.clj
index 5487e043..a5ee7a89 100644
--- a/perf-test/clj/reitit/opensensors_routing_test.clj
+++ b/perf-test/clj/reitit/opensensors_routing_test.clj
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 (ns reitit.opensensors-routing-test
   (:require [clojure.test :refer [deftest testing is]]
+            [criterium.core :as cc]
+            [reitit.perf-utils :refer :all]
             [cheshire.core :as json]
             [clojure.string :as str]
             [reitit.core :as reitit]
@@ -16,13 +18,20 @@
             [io.pedestal.http.route.router :as pedestal]
             [io.pedestal.http.route :as route]))
 
-(defn raw-title [color s]
-  (println (str color (apply str (repeat (count s) "#")) "\u001B[0m"))
-  (println (str color s "\u001B[0m"))
-  (println (str color (apply str (repeat (count s) "#")) "\u001B[0m")))
-
-(def title (partial raw-title "\u001B[35m"))
-(def suite (partial raw-title "\u001B[32m"))
+;;
+;; start repl with `lein perf repl`
+;; perf measured with the following setup:
+;;
+;; Model Name:            MacBook Pro
+;; Model Identifier:      MacBookPro11,3
+;; Processor Name:        Intel Core i7
+;; Processor Speed:       2,5 GHz
+;; Number of Processors:  1
+;; Total Number of Cores: 4
+;; L2 Cache (per Core):   256 KB
+;; L3 Cache:              6 MB
+;; Memory:                16 GB
+;;
 
 ;;
 ;; extract sample routes
@@ -77,15 +86,6 @@
              avg (int (/ (reduce + times) (count times)))]
          [% avg]) urls)))
 
-(defn bench [routes no-paths?]
-  (let [routes (mapv (fn [[path name]]
-                       (if no-paths?
-                         [(str/replace path #"\:" "") name]
-                         [path name])) routes)
-        router (reitit/router routes)]
-    (doseq [[path time] (bench-routes routes #(reitit/match-by-path router %))]
-      (println path "\t" time))))
-
 (defn bench [routes no-paths?]
   (let [routes (mapv (fn [[path name]]
                        (if no-paths?
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@
       (if-not match
         (println route)))))
 
-(defn bench! [routes verbose? name f]
+(defn bench!! [routes verbose? name f]
   (System/gc)
   (println)
   (suite name)
@@ -493,14 +493,23 @@
         compojure-api-f #(opensensors-compojure-api-routes {:uri % :request-method :get})
         pedestal-f #(pedestal/find-route opensensors-pedestal-routes {:path-info % :request-method :get})]
 
-    (bench! routes true "reitit" reitit-f)                  ;;  2538ns -> 2028ns
-    (bench! routes true "reitit-ring" reitit-ring-f)        ;;  2845ns -> 2299ns
-    (bench! routes true "pedestal" pedestal-f)              ;;  2737ns
-    (bench! routes true "compojure-api" compojure-api-f)    ;;  9823ns
-    (bench! routes true "bidi" bidi-f)                      ;; 16716ns
-    (bench! routes true "ataraxy" ataraxy-f)                ;; 24467ns
+    ;;  2538ns -> 2028ns
+    (bench!! routes true "reitit" reitit-f)
 
-    ))
+    ;;  2845ns -> 2299ns
+    (bench!! routes true "reitit-ring" reitit-ring-f)
+
+    ;;  2737ns
+    (bench!! routes true "pedestal" pedestal-f)
+
+    ;;  9823ns
+    (bench!! routes true "compojure-api" compojure-api-f)
+
+    ;; 16716ns
+    (bench!! routes true "bidi" bidi-f)
+
+    ;; 24467ns
+    (bench!! routes true "ataraxy" ataraxy-f)))
 
 (comment
   (bench-rest!))
@@ -548,16 +557,15 @@
 
     ;;  125ns
     ;;   62ns (fast-map)
-    (bench! routes false "reitit" reitit-f)
+    (bench!! routes false "reitit" reitit-f)
 
     ;;  272ns
     ;;  219ns (fast-assoc)
     ;;  171ns (fast-map)
-    (bench! routes false "reitit-ring" reitit-ring-f)
+    (bench!! routes false "reitit-ring" reitit-ring-f)
 
     ;;  172ns
-    (bench! routes false "pedestal" pedestal-f)))
+    (bench!! routes false "pedestal" pedestal-f)))
 
 (comment
   (bench-cqrs!))
-
diff --git a/perf-test/clj/reitit/perf_test.clj b/perf-test/clj/reitit/perf_test.clj
index abf917ab..279d9fe2 100644
--- a/perf-test/clj/reitit/perf_test.clj
+++ b/perf-test/clj/reitit/perf_test.clj
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 (ns reitit.perf-test
   (:require [criterium.core :as cc]
             [reitit.core :as reitit]
+            [reitit.perf-utils :refer :all]
 
             [bidi.bidi :as bidi]
             [compojure.api.sweet :refer [api routes GET]]
@@ -27,14 +28,6 @@
 ;; Memory:                16 GB
 ;;
 
-(defn raw-title [color s]
-  (println (str color (apply str (repeat (count s) "#")) "\u001B[0m"))
-  (println (str color s "\u001B[0m"))
-  (println (str color (apply str (repeat (count s) "#")) "\u001B[0m")))
-
-(def title (partial raw-title "\u001B[35m"))
-(def suite (partial raw-title "\u001B[32m"))
-
 (def bidi-routes
   ["/" [["auth/login" :auth/login]
         [["auth/recovery/token/" :token] :auth/recovery]
@@ -106,7 +99,7 @@
       (call)))
 
   ;; 1.0µs (-94%)
-  ;; 770ns (-95%, -23%)
+  ;; 690ns (-96%)
   (title "reitit")
   (let [call #(reitit/match-by-path reitit-routes "/workspace/1/1")]
     (assert (call))
@@ -117,7 +110,7 @@
 
   (suite "reverse routing")
 
-  ;; 2.2µs (-56%)
+  ;; 2.0µs (-59%)
   (title "bidi")
   (let [call #(bidi/path-for bidi-routes :workspace/page :project "1" :page "1")]
     (assert (= "/workspace/1/1" (call)))
@@ -126,14 +119,14 @@
 
   (title "ataraxy doesn't support reverse routing :(")
 
-  ;; 3.8µs (-25%)
+  ;; 3.8µs (-22%)
   (title "pedestal - map-tree => prefix-tree")
   (let [call #(pedestal-url-for :workspace/page :path-params {:project "1" :page "1"})]
     (assert (= "/workspace/1/1" (call)))
     (cc/quick-bench
       (call)))
 
-  ;; 5.1µs
+  ;; 4.9µs
   (title "compojure-api")
   (let [call #(routes/path-for* :workspace/page compojure-api-request {:project "1", :page "1"})]
     (assert (= "/workspace/1/1" (call)))
diff --git a/perf-test/clj/reitit/perf_utils.clj b/perf-test/clj/reitit/perf_utils.clj
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..14e3c7ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perf-test/clj/reitit/perf_utils.clj
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+(ns reitit.perf-utils
+  (:require [criterium.core :as cc]))
+
+(defn raw-title [color s]
+  (println (str color (apply str (repeat (count s) "#")) "\u001B[0m"))
+  (println (str color s "\u001B[0m"))
+  (println (str color (apply str (repeat (count s) "#")) "\u001B[0m")))
+
+(def title (partial raw-title "\u001B[35m"))
+(def suite (partial raw-title "\u001B[32m"))
+
+(defmacro bench! [name & body]
+  `(do
+     (title ~name)
+     (println ~@body)
+     (cc/quick-bench ~@body)))

From dcd559bf2739a8afad5c083579abd3bf9bb9dc17 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tommi Reiman <tommi@iki.fi>
Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2017 08:19:21 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 3/5] Initial Spec request/response coercion (fixes #20)

---
 perf-test/clj/reitit/coercion_perf_test.clj | 174 ++++++++++++++++++
 project.clj                                 |   4 +
 src/reitit/coercion.cljc                    | 192 ++++++++++++++++++++
 src/reitit/coercion/protocol.cljc           |  16 ++
 src/reitit/coercion/spec.cljc               | 113 ++++++++++++
 src/reitit/ring.cljc                        |  55 ++++--
 test/cljc/reitit/coercion_test.cljc         |  63 +++++++
 7 files changed, 600 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 perf-test/clj/reitit/coercion_perf_test.clj
 create mode 100644 src/reitit/coercion.cljc
 create mode 100644 src/reitit/coercion/protocol.cljc
 create mode 100644 src/reitit/coercion/spec.cljc
 create mode 100644 test/cljc/reitit/coercion_test.cljc

diff --git a/perf-test/clj/reitit/coercion_perf_test.clj b/perf-test/clj/reitit/coercion_perf_test.clj
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bd443498
--- /dev/null
+++ b/perf-test/clj/reitit/coercion_perf_test.clj
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+(ns reitit.coercion-perf-test
+  (:require [clojure.test :refer [deftest testing is]]
+            [criterium.core :as cc]
+            [reitit.perf-utils :refer :all]
+            [clojure.spec.alpha :as s]
+            [spec-tools.core :as st]
+
+            [reitit.core :as reitit]
+            [reitit.ring :as ring]
+            [reitit.coercion :as coercion]
+            [reitit.coercion.spec :as spec]
+            [reitit.coercion.protocol :as protocol]
+            [spec-tools.data-spec :as ds]))
+
+;;
+;; start repl with `lein perf repl`
+;; perf measured with the following setup:
+;;
+;; Model Name:            MacBook Pro
+;; Model Identifier:      MacBookPro11,3
+;; Processor Name:        Intel Core i7
+;; Processor Speed:       2,5 GHz
+;; Number of Processors:  1
+;; Total Number of Cores: 4
+;; L2 Cache (per Core):   256 KB
+;; L3 Cache:              6 MB
+;; Memory:                16 GB
+;;
+
+(comment
+  (do
+    (s/def ::x (s/and (s/conformer #(if (string? %) (Long/parseLong %) %) identity) int?))
+    (s/def ::y (s/and (s/conformer #(if (string? %) (Long/parseLong %) %) identity) int?))
+    (s/def ::k (s/keys :req-un [::x ::y]))
+
+    (let [spec (spec/specify {:x int?, :y int?} ::jeah)
+          coercers (#'coercion/request-coercers spec/coercion {:body spec})
+          params {:x "1", :y "2"}
+          request {:body-params {:x "1", :y "2"}}]
+
+      ;; 4600ns
+      (bench!
+        "coerce-parameters"
+        (#'coercion/coerce-parameters coercers request))
+
+      ;; 2700ns
+      (bench!
+        "st/conform"
+        (st/conform
+          spec
+          params
+          spec/string-conforming))
+
+      ;; 4100ns
+      (bench!
+        "st/conform + s/unform"
+        (s/unform
+          spec
+          (st/conform
+            spec
+            params
+            spec/string-conforming)))
+
+      ;; 610ns
+      (bench!
+        "s/conform"
+        (s/conform
+          ::k
+          params))
+
+      ;; 2700ns
+      (bench!
+        "s/conform + s/unform"
+        (s/unform
+          ::k
+          (s/conform
+            ::k
+            params))))))
+
+(defrecord NoOpCoercion []
+  protocol/Coercion
+  (get-name [_] :no-op)
+  (compile [_ model] model)
+  (get-apidocs [_ _ {:keys [parameters responses] :as info}])
+  (make-open [_ spec] spec)
+  (encode-error [_ error] error)
+  (request-coercer [_ type spec] (fn [value format] value))
+  (response-coercer [this spec] (protocol/request-coercer this :response spec)))
+
+(comment
+  (doseq [coercion [nil (->NoOpCoercion) spec/coercion]]
+    (suite (str (if coercion (protocol/get-name coercion))))
+    (let [routes ["/api"
+                  ["/ping" {:parameters {:body {:x int?, :y int?}}
+                            :responses {200 {:schema {:total pos-int?}}}
+                            :get {:handler (fn [request]
+                                             (let [{:keys [x y]} (-> request :parameters :body)]
+                                               {:status 200
+                                                :body {:total (+ (or x 0) (or y 0))}}))}}]]
+          app (ring/ring-handler
+                (ring/router
+                  routes
+                  {:meta {:middleware [coercion/wrap-coerce-parameters]
+                          :coercion coercion}}))
+          app2 (ring/ring-handler
+                 (ring/router
+                   routes
+                   {:meta {:middleware [coercion/gen-wrap-coerce-parameters]
+                           :coercion coercion}}))
+          app3 (ring/ring-handler
+                 (ring/router
+                   routes
+                   {:meta {:middleware [coercion/wrap-coerce-parameters
+                                        coercion/wrap-coerce-response]
+                           :coercion coercion}}))
+          app4 (ring/ring-handler
+                 (ring/router
+                   routes
+                   {:meta {:middleware [coercion/gen-wrap-coerce-parameters
+                                        coercion/gen-wrap-coerce-response]
+                           :coercion coercion}}))
+          req {:request-method :get
+               :uri "/api/ping"
+               :body-params {:x 1, :y 2}}]
+
+      ;;   210ns
+      ;;  1300ns
+      ;;  7400ns
+      (bench! "wrap-coerce-parameters" (app req))
+
+      ;;   170ns (-19%)
+      ;;   500ns (-62%)
+      ;;  5400ns (-26%)
+      (bench! "gen-wrap-coerce-parameters" (app2 req))
+
+      ;;   340ns
+      ;;  2400ns
+      ;; 14800ns
+      (bench! "wrap-coerce-parameters & responses" (app3 req))
+
+      ;;  180ns (-47%)
+      ;;  580ns (-76%)
+      ;; 8300ns (-44%)
+      (bench! "gen-wrap-coerce-parameters & responses" (app4 req)))))
+
+(comment
+  (do
+    (require '[reitit.ring :as ring])
+    (require '[reitit.coercion :as coercion])
+    (require '[reitit.coercion.spec :as spec])
+
+    (def app
+      (ring/ring-handler
+        (ring/router
+          ["/api"
+           ["/ping" {:parameters {:body {:x int?, :y int?}}
+                     :responses {200 {:schema {:total pos-int?}}}
+                     :get {:handler (fn [{{{:keys [x y]} :body} :parameters}]
+                                      {:status 200
+                                       :body {:total (+ x y)}})}}]]
+          {:meta {:middleware [coercion/gen-wrap-coerce-parameters
+                               coercion/gen-wrap-coerce-response]
+                  :coercion spec/coercion}})))
+
+    (app
+      {:request-method :get
+       :uri "/api/ping"
+       :body-params {:x 1, :y 2}})
+    ; {:status 200, :body {:total 3}}
+
+    (let [req {:request-method :get
+               :uri "/api/ping"
+               :body-params {:x 1, :y 2}}]
+      (cc/quick-bench (app req)))))
diff --git a/project.clj b/project.clj
index 97dbaf25..cf5305c2 100644
--- a/project.clj
+++ b/project.clj
@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@
                    :jvm-opts ^:replace ["-server"]
                    :dependencies [[org.clojure/clojure "1.9.0-alpha17"]
                                   [org.clojure/clojurescript "1.9.660"]
+
+                                  [metosin/spec-tools "0.3.2"]
+                                  [org.clojure/spec.alpha "0.1.123"]
+
                                   [criterium "0.4.4"]
                                   [org.clojure/test.check "0.9.0"]
                                   [org.clojure/tools.namespace "0.2.11"]
diff --git a/src/reitit/coercion.cljc b/src/reitit/coercion.cljc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3ddfd129
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/reitit/coercion.cljc
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+(ns reitit.coercion
+  (:require [clojure.walk :as walk]
+            [spec-tools.core :as st]
+            [reitit.coercion.protocol :as protocol]
+            [reitit.middleware :as middleware]
+            [reitit.ring :as ring]
+            [reitit.impl :as impl]))
+
+(defn get-apidocs [coercion spec info]
+  (protocol/get-apidocs coercion spec info))
+
+;;
+;; coercer
+;;
+
+(defrecord ParameterCoercion [in style keywordize? open?])
+
+(def ring-parameter-coercion
+  {:query (->ParameterCoercion :query-params :string true true)
+   :body (->ParameterCoercion :body-params :string false true)
+   :form (->ParameterCoercion :form-params :string true true)
+   :header (->ParameterCoercion :header-params :string true true)
+   :path (->ParameterCoercion :path-params :string true true)})
+
+(defn request-coercion-failed! [result coercion value in request]
+  (throw
+    (ex-info
+      (str "Request coercion failed: " (pr-str result))
+      (merge
+        (into {} result)
+        {:type ::request-coercion
+         :coercion coercion
+         :value value
+         :in [:request in]
+         :request request}))))
+
+(defn response-coercion-failed! [result coercion value request response]
+  (throw
+    (ex-info
+      (str "Response coercion failed: " (pr-str result))
+      (merge
+        (into {} result)
+        {:type ::response-coercion
+         :coercion coercion
+         :value value
+         :in [:response :body]
+         :request request
+         :response response}))))
+
+(defn request-coercer [coercion type model]
+  (if coercion
+    (let [{:keys [keywordize? open? in style]} (ring-parameter-coercion type)
+          transform (comp (if keywordize? walk/keywordize-keys identity) in)
+          model (if open? (protocol/make-open coercion model) model)
+          coercer (protocol/request-coercer coercion style model)]
+      (fn [request]
+        (let [value (transform request)
+              format (some-> request :muuntaja/request :format)
+              result (coercer value format)]
+          (if (protocol/error? result)
+            (request-coercion-failed! result coercion value in request)
+            result))))))
+
+(defn- response-format [request response]
+  (or (-> response :muuntaja/content-type)
+      (some-> request :muuntaja/response :format)))
+
+(defn response-coercer [coercion model]
+  (if coercion
+    (let [coercer (protocol/response-coercer coercion model)]
+      (fn [request response]
+        (let [format (response-format request response)
+              value (:body response)
+              result (coercer value format)]
+          (if (protocol/error? result)
+            (response-coercion-failed! result coercion value request response)
+            result))))))
+
+;;
+;; middleware
+;;
+
+(defn- coerce-parameters [coercers request]
+  (reduce-kv
+    (fn [acc k coercer]
+      (impl/fast-assoc acc k (coercer request)))
+    {}
+    coercers))
+
+(defn- coerce-response [coercers request response]
+  (if response
+    (if-let [coercer (or (coercers (:status response)) (coercers :default))]
+      (impl/fast-assoc response :body (coercer request response)))))
+
+(defn ^:no-doc request-coercers [coercion parameters]
+  (->> (for [[k v] parameters
+             :when v]
+         [k (request-coercer coercion k v)])
+       (into {})))
+
+(defn ^:no-doc response-coercers [coercion responses]
+  (->> (for [[status {:keys [schema]}] responses :when schema]
+         [status (response-coercer coercion schema)])
+       (into {})))
+
+(defn wrap-coerce-parameters
+  "Pluggable request coercion middleware.
+  Expects a :coercion of type `reitit.coercion.protocol/Coercion`
+  from injected route meta, otherwise does not mount."
+  [handler]
+  (fn
+    ([request]
+     (let [method (:request-method request)
+           match (ring/get-match request)
+           parameters (-> match :result method :meta :parameters)
+           coercion (-> match :meta :coercion)]
+       (if coercion
+         (let [coercers (request-coercers coercion parameters)
+               coerced (coerce-parameters coercers request)]
+           (handler (impl/fast-assoc request :parameters coerced)))
+         (handler request))))
+    ([request respond raise]
+     (let [method (:request-method request)
+           match (ring/get-match request)
+           parameters (-> match :result method :meta :parameters)
+           coercion (-> match :meta :coercion)]
+       (if coercion
+         (let [coercers (request-coercers coercion parameters)
+               coerced (coerce-parameters coercers request)]
+           (handler (impl/fast-assoc request :parameters coerced) respond raise)))))))
+
+(def gen-wrap-coerce-parameters
+  "Generator for pluggable request coercion middleware.
+  Expects a :coercion of type `reitit.coercion.protocol/Coercion`
+  from injected route meta, otherwise does not mount."
+  (middleware/gen
+    (fn [{:keys [parameters coercion]} _]
+      (if coercion
+        (let [coercers (request-coercers coercion parameters)]
+          (fn [handler]
+            (fn
+              ([request]
+               (let [coerced (coerce-parameters coercers request)]
+                 (handler (impl/fast-assoc request :parameters coerced))))
+              ([request respond raise]
+               (let [coerced (coerce-parameters coercers request)]
+                 (handler (impl/fast-assoc request :parameters coerced) respond raise))))))))))
+
+(defn wrap-coerce-response
+  "Pluggable response coercion middleware.
+  Expects a :coercion of type `reitit.coercion.protocol/Coercion`
+  from injected route meta, otherwise does not mount."
+  [handler]
+  (fn
+    ([request]
+     (let [response (handler request)
+           method (:request-method request)
+           match (ring/get-match request)
+           responses (-> match :result method :meta :responses)
+           coercion (-> match :meta :coercion)]
+       (if coercion
+         (let [coercers (response-coercers coercion responses)
+               coerced (coerce-response coercers request response)]
+           (coerce-response coercers request (handler request)))
+         (handler request))))
+    ([request respond raise]
+     (let [response (handler request)
+           method (:request-method request)
+           match (ring/get-match request)
+           responses (-> match :result method :meta :responses)
+           coercion (-> match :meta :coercion)]
+       (if coercion
+         (let [coercers (response-coercers coercion responses)
+               coerced (coerce-response coercers request response)]
+           (handler request #(respond (coerce-response coercers request %))))
+         (handler request respond raise))))))
+
+(def gen-wrap-coerce-response
+  "Generator for pluggable response coercion middleware.
+  Expects a :coercion of type `reitit.coercion.protocol/Coercion`
+  from injected route meta, otherwise does not mount."
+  (middleware/gen
+    (fn [{:keys [responses coercion]} _]
+      (if coercion
+        (let [coercers (response-coercers coercion responses)]
+          (fn [handler]
+            (fn
+              ([request]
+               (coerce-response coercers request (handler request)))
+              ([request respond raise]
+               (handler request #(respond (coerce-response coercers request %)) raise)))))))))
+
diff --git a/src/reitit/coercion/protocol.cljc b/src/reitit/coercion/protocol.cljc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9e58df3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/reitit/coercion/protocol.cljc
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+(ns reitit.coercion.protocol
+  (:refer-clojure :exclude [compile]))
+
+(defprotocol Coercion
+  (get-name [this])
+  (compile [this model])
+  (get-apidocs [this model data])
+  (make-open [this model])
+  (encode-error [this error])
+  (request-coercer [this type model])
+  (response-coercer [this model]))
+
+(defrecord CoercionError [])
+
+(defn error? [x]
+  (instance? CoercionError x))
diff --git a/src/reitit/coercion/spec.cljc b/src/reitit/coercion/spec.cljc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..461ac1a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/reitit/coercion/spec.cljc
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+(ns reitit.coercion.spec
+  (:require [clojure.spec.alpha :as s]
+            [spec-tools.core :as st #?@(:cljs [:refer [Spec]])]
+            [spec-tools.data-spec :as ds]
+            [spec-tools.conform :as conform]
+            [spec-tools.swagger.core :as swagger]
+            [reitit.coercion.protocol :as protocol])
+  #?(:clj
+     (:import (spec_tools.core Spec))))
+
+(def string-conforming
+  (st/type-conforming
+    (merge
+      conform/string-type-conforming
+      conform/strip-extra-keys-type-conforming)))
+
+(def json-conforming
+  (st/type-conforming
+    (merge
+      conform/json-type-conforming
+      conform/strip-extra-keys-type-conforming)))
+
+(def default-conforming
+  ::default)
+
+(defprotocol Specify
+  (specify [this name]))
+
+(extend-protocol Specify
+
+  #?(:clj  clojure.lang.PersistentArrayMap
+     :cljs cljs.core.PersistentArrayMap)
+  (specify [this name]
+    (ds/spec name this))
+
+  #?(:clj  clojure.lang.PersistentHashMap
+     :cljs cljs.core.PersistentHashMap)
+  (specify [this name]
+    (ds/spec name this))
+
+  Spec
+  (specify [this _] this)
+
+  Object
+  (specify [this _]
+    (st/create-spec {:spec this})))
+
+;; TODO: proper name!
+(def memoized-specify
+  (memoize #(specify %1 (gensym "spec"))))
+
+(defmulti coerce-response? identity :default ::default)
+(defmethod coerce-response? ::default [_] true)
+
+(defrecord SpecCoercion [name conforming coerce-response?]
+
+  protocol/Coercion
+  (get-name [_] name)
+
+  (compile [_ model]
+    (memoized-specify model))
+
+  (get-apidocs [_ _ {:keys [parameters responses] :as info}]
+    (cond-> (dissoc info :parameters :responses)
+            parameters (assoc
+                         ::swagger/parameters
+                         (into
+                           (empty parameters)
+                           (for [[k v] parameters]
+                             [k memoized-specify])))
+            responses (assoc
+                        ::swagger/responses
+                        (into
+                          (empty responses)
+                          (for [[k response] responses]
+                            [k (update response :schema memoized-specify)])))))
+
+  (make-open [_ spec] spec)
+
+  (encode-error [_ error]
+    (update error :spec (comp str s/form)))
+
+  (request-coercer [_ type spec]
+    (let [spec (memoized-specify spec)
+          {:keys [formats default]} (conforming type)]
+      (fn [value format]
+        (if-let [conforming (or (get formats format) default)]
+          (let [conformed (st/conform spec value conforming)]
+            (if (s/invalid? conformed)
+              (let [problems (st/explain-data spec value conforming)]
+                (protocol/map->CoercionError
+                  {:spec spec
+                   :problems (::s/problems problems)}))
+              (s/unform spec conformed)))
+          value))))
+
+  (response-coercer [this spec]
+    (if (coerce-response? spec)
+      (protocol/request-coercer this :response spec))))
+
+(def default-options
+  {:coerce-response? coerce-response?
+   :conforming {:body {:default default-conforming
+                       :formats {"application/json" json-conforming
+                                 "application/msgpack" json-conforming
+                                 "application/x-yaml" json-conforming}}
+                :string {:default string-conforming}
+                :response {:default default-conforming}}})
+
+(defn create [{:keys [conforming coerce-response?]}]
+  (->SpecCoercion :spec conforming coerce-response?))
+
+(def coercion (create default-options))
diff --git a/src/reitit/ring.cljc b/src/reitit/ring.cljc
index 5ff83a98..9a6b2019 100644
--- a/src/reitit/ring.cljc
+++ b/src/reitit/ring.cljc
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
             [reitit.impl :as impl]))
 
 (def http-methods #{:get :head :patch :delete :options :post :put})
-(defrecord MethodHandlers [get head patch delete options post put])
+(defrecord Methods [get head post put delete trace options connect patch any])
+(defrecord Endpoint [meta handler])
 
 (defn- group-keys [meta]
   (reduce-kv
@@ -19,10 +20,27 @@
     (fn
       ([request]
        (if-let [match (reitit/match-by-path router (:uri request))]
-         ((:handler match) (impl/fast-assoc request ::match match))))
+         (let [method (:request-method request :any)
+               params (:params match)
+               result (:result match)
+               handler (or (-> result method :handler)
+                           (-> result :any :handler))]
+           (if handler
+             (handler
+               (cond-> (impl/fast-assoc request ::match match)
+                       params (impl/fast-assoc :path-params params)))))))
       ([request respond raise]
        (if-let [match (reitit/match-by-path router (:uri request))]
-         ((:handler match) (impl/fast-assoc request ::match match) respond raise))))
+         (let [method (:request-method request :any)
+               params (:params match)
+               result (:result match)
+               handler (or (-> result method :handler)
+                           (-> result :any :handler))]
+           (if handler
+             (handler
+               (cond-> (impl/fast-assoc request ::match match)
+                       params (impl/fast-assoc :path-params params))
+               respond raise))))))
     {::router router}))
 
 (defn get-router [handler]
@@ -41,20 +59,23 @@
 (defn compile-handler [[path meta] opts]
   (let [[top childs] (group-keys meta)]
     (if-not (seq childs)
-      (middleware/compile-handler [path meta] opts)
-      (let [handlers (map->MethodHandlers
-                       (reduce-kv
-                         #(assoc %1 %2 (middleware/compile-handler
-                                         [path (meta-merge top %3)] opts %2))
-                         {} childs))
-            default-handler (if (:handler top) (middleware/compile-handler [path meta] opts))]
-        (fn
-          ([request]
-           (if-let [handler (or ((:request-method request) handlers) default-handler)]
-             (handler request)))
-          ([request respond raise]
-           (if-let [handler (or ((:request-method request) handlers) default-handler)]
-             (handler request respond raise))))))))
+      (map->Methods
+        {:any (map->Endpoint
+                {:handler (middleware/compile-handler [path top] opts)
+                 :meta top})})
+      (let [any-handler (if (:handler top) (middleware/compile-handler [path meta] opts))]
+        (reduce-kv
+          (fn [acc method meta]
+            (let [meta (meta-merge top meta)
+                  handler (middleware/compile-handler [path meta] opts method)]
+              (assoc acc method (map->Endpoint
+                                  {:handler handler
+                                   :meta meta}))))
+          (map->Methods
+            {:any (map->Endpoint
+                    {:handler (if (:handler top) (middleware/compile-handler [path meta] opts))
+                     :meta top})})
+          childs)))))
 
 (defn router
   ([data]
diff --git a/test/cljc/reitit/coercion_test.cljc b/test/cljc/reitit/coercion_test.cljc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f194da87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/cljc/reitit/coercion_test.cljc
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+(ns reitit.middleware-test
+  (:require [clojure.test :refer [deftest testing is]]
+            [reitit.ring :as ring]
+            [reitit.coercion :as coercion]
+            [reitit.coercion.spec :as spec])
+  #?(:clj
+     (:import (clojure.lang ExceptionInfo))))
+
+(defn handler
+  ([{:keys [::mw]}]
+   {:status 200 :body (conj mw :ok)})
+  ([request respond raise]
+   (respond (handler request))))
+
+(deftest coercion-test
+  (let [app (ring/ring-handler
+              (ring/router
+                ["/api"
+                 ["/plus/:e"
+                  {:get {:parameters {:query {:a int?}
+                                      :body {:b int?}
+                                      :form {:c int?}
+                                      :header {:d int?}
+                                      :path {:e int?}}
+                         :responses {200 {:schema {:total pos-int?}}}
+                         :handler (fn [{{{:keys [a]} :query
+                                         {:keys [b]} :body
+                                         {:keys [c]} :form
+                                         {:keys [d]} :header
+                                         {:keys [e]} :path} :parameters}]
+                                    {:status 200
+                                     :body {:total (+ a b c d e)}})}}]]
+                {:meta {:middleware [coercion/gen-wrap-coerce-parameters
+                                     coercion/gen-wrap-coerce-response]
+                        :coercion spec/coercion}}))]
+
+    (testing "all good"
+      (is (= {:status 200
+              :body {:total 15}}
+             (app {:uri "/api/plus/5"
+                   :request-method :get
+                   :query-params {"a" "1"}
+                   :body-params {:b 2}
+                   :form-params {:c 3}
+                   :header-params {:d 4}}))))
+
+    (testing "invalid request"
+      (is (thrown-with-msg?
+            ExceptionInfo
+            #"Request coercion failed"
+            (app {:uri "/api/plus/5"
+                  :request-method :get}))))
+
+    (testing "invalid response"
+      (is (thrown-with-msg?
+            ExceptionInfo
+            #"Response coercion failed"
+            (app {:uri "/api/plus/5"
+                  :request-method :get
+                  :query-params {"a" "1"}
+                  :body-params {:b 2}
+                  :form-params {:c 3}
+                  :header-params {:d -40}}))))))

From c7c4013f970d6cc475b831df59b9a8182d04658c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tommi Reiman <tommi@iki.fi>
Date: Wed, 30 Aug 2017 13:24:01 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 4/5] README & small fixes

---
 README.md                                   | 232 ++++++++++++++++----
 perf-test/clj/reitit/coercion_perf_test.clj |   2 +-
 src/reitit/coercion.cljc                    |  39 ++--
 src/reitit/coercion/protocol.cljc           |  15 +-
 src/reitit/coercion/spec.cljc               |   2 +-
 test/cljc/reitit/coercion_test.cljc         |   2 +-
 6 files changed, 227 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index c24c9bfb..6de6bb91 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ A friendly data-driven router for Clojure(Script).
 * First-class route meta-data
 * Generic, not tied to HTTP
 * [Route conflict resolution](#route-conflicts)
+* [Pluggable coercion](#parameter-coercion) ([clojure.spec](https://clojure.org/about/spec))
+* Middleware & Interceptors
 * Extendable
 * Fast
 
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ Same routes flattened:
 
 For routing, a `Router` is needed. Reitit ships with several different router implementations: `:linear-router`, `:lookup-router` and `:mixed-router`, based on the awesome [Pedestal](https://github.com/pedestal/pedestal/tree/master/route) implementation.
 
-`Router` is created with `reitit.core/router`, which takes routes and optional options map as arguments. The route tree gets expanded, optionally coerced and compiled. The actual `Router` implementation is selected based on the route tree or can be selected with the `:router` option. `Router` support both fast path- and name-based lookups.
+`Router` is created with `reitit.core/router`, which takes routes and optional options map as arguments. The route tree gets expanded, optionally coerced and compiled. Actual `Router` implementation is selected automatically but can be defined with a `:router` option. `Router` support both path- and name-based lookups.
 
 Creating a router:
 
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ Creating a router:
       ["/user/:id" ::user]]]))
 ```
 
-`:mixed-router` is created (both static & wild routes are used):
+`:mixed-router` is created (both static & wild routes are found):
 
 ```clj
 (reitit/router-type router)
@@ -157,52 +159,47 @@ Routes can have arbitrary meta-data. For nested routes, the meta-data is accumul
 A router based on nested route tree:
 
 ```clj
-(def router
   (reitit/router
     ["/api" {:interceptors [::api]}
      ["/ping" ::ping]
-     ["/public/*path" ::resources]
-     ["/user/:id" {:name ::get-user
-                   :parameters {:id String}}
-      ["/orders" ::user-orders]]
-     ["/admin" {:interceptors [::admin]
-                :roles #{:admin}}
-      ["/root" {:name ::root
-                :roles ^:replace #{:root}}]
-      ["/db" {:name ::db
-              :interceptors [::db]}]]]))
+     ["/admin" {:roles #{:admin}}
+      ["/users" ::users]
+      ["/db" {:interceptors [::db], :roles ^:replace #{:db-admin}}
+       ["/:db" {:parameters {:db String}}
+        ["/drop" ::drop-db]
+        ["/stats" ::db-stats]]]]]))
 ```
 
 Resolved route tree:
 
 ```clj
 (reitit/routes router)
-; [["/api/ping" {:name :user/ping
-;                :interceptors [::api]}]
-;  ["/api/public/*path" {:name :user/resources
-;                        :interceptors [::api]}]
-;  ["/api/user/:id/orders" {:name :user/user-orders
-;                           :interceptors [::api]
-;                           :parameters {:id String}}]
-;  ["/api/admin/root" {:name :user/root
-;                      :interceptors [::api ::admin]
-;                      :roles #{:root}}]
-;  ["/api/admin/db" {:name :user/db
-;                    :interceptors [::api ::admin ::db]
-;                    :roles #{:admin}}]]
+; [["/api/ping" {:interceptors [::api]
+;                :name ::ping}]
+;  ["/api/admin/users" {:interceptors [::api]
+;                       :roles #{:admin}
+;                       :name ::users}]
+;  ["/api/admin/db/:db/drop" {:interceptors [::api ::db]
+;                             :roles #{:db-admin}
+;                             :parameters {:db String}
+;                             :name ::drop-db}]
+;  ["/api/admin/db/:db/stats" {:interceptors [::api ::db]
+;                              :roles #{:db-admin}
+;                              :parameters {:db String}
+;                              :name ::db-stats}]]
 ```
 
 Path-based routing:
 
 ```clj
-(reitit/match-by-path router "/api/admin/root")
-; #Match{:template "/api/admin/root"
-;        :meta {:name :user/root
-;               :interceptors [::api ::admin]
-;               :roles #{:root}}
-;        :path "/api/admin/root"
+(reitit/match-by-path router "/api/admin/users")
+; #Match{:template "/api/admin/users"
+;        :meta {:interceptors [::api]
+;               :roles #{:admin}
+;               :name ::users}
 ;        :result nil
-;        :params {}}
+;        :params {}
+;        :path "/api/admin/users"}
 ```
 
 On match, route meta-data is returned and can interpreted by the application.
@@ -333,8 +330,6 @@ Middleware is applied correctly:
 ; {:status 200, :body [:api :handler]}
 ```
 
-Nested middleware works too:
-
 ```clj
 (app {:request-method :delete, :uri "/api/admin/db"})
 ; {:status 200, :body [:api :admin :db :delete :handler]}
@@ -342,7 +337,7 @@ Nested middleware works too:
 
 ### Async Ring
 
-Ring-router supports also 3-arity [Async Ring](https://www.booleanknot.com/blog/2016/07/15/asynchronous-ring.html), so it can be used on [Node.js](https://nodejs.org/en/) too.
+All built-in middleware provide both the 2 and 3-arity, so they work with [Async Ring](https://www.booleanknot.com/blog/2016/07/15/asynchronous-ring.html) too.
 
 ### Meta-data based extensions
 
@@ -397,6 +392,169 @@ Authorized access to guarded route:
 ; {:status 200, :body "ok"}
 ```
 
+## Parameter coercion
+
+Reitit ships with pluggable parameter coercion via `reitit.coercion.protocol/Coercion` protocol. `reitit.coercion.spec/SpecCoercion` provides implements it for [clojure.spec](https://clojure.org/about/spec) & [data-specs](https://github.com/metosin/spec-tools#data-specs).
+
+**NOTE**: to use the spec-coercion, one needs to add the following dependencies manually to the project:
+
+```clj
+[org.clojure/clojure "1.9.0-alpha17"]
+[org.clojure/spec.alpha "0.1.123"]
+[metosin/spec-tools "0.3.2"]
+```
+
+### Ring request and response coercion
+
+To use `Coercion` with Ring, one needs to do the following:
+
+1. Define parameters and responses as data into route meta-data, in format adopted from [ring-swagger](https://github.com/metosin/ring-swagger#more-complete-example):
+  * `:parameters` map, with submaps for different parameters: `:query`, `:body`, `:form`, `:header` and `:path`. Parameters are defined in the format understood by the `Coercion`.
+  * `:responses` map, with response status codes as keys (or `:default` for "everything else") with maps with `:schema` and optionally `:description` as values.
+2. Define a `Coercion` to route meta-data under `:coercion`
+3. Mount request & response coercion middleware to the routes.
+
+If the request coercion succeeds, the coerced parameters are injected into request under `:parameters`.
+
+If either request or response coercion fails, an descriptive error is thrown.
+
+#### Example with data-specs
+
+```clj
+(require '[reitit.ring :as ring])
+(require '[reitit.coercion :as coercion])
+(require '[reitit.coercion.spec :as spec])
+
+(def app
+  (ring/ring-handler
+    (ring/router
+      ["/api"
+       ["/ping" {:parameters {:body {:x int?, :y int?}}
+                 :responses {200 {:schema {:total pos-int?}}}
+                 :get {:handler (fn [{{{:keys [x y]} :body} :parameters}]
+                                  {:status 200
+                                   :body {:total (+ x y)}})}}]]
+      {:meta {:middleware [coercion/gen-wrap-coerce-parameters
+                           coercion/gen-wrap-coerce-response]
+              :coercion spec/coercion}})))
+```
+
+
+```clj
+(app
+  {:request-method :get
+   :uri "/api/ping"
+   :body-params {:x 1, :y 2}})
+; {:status 200, :body {:total 3}}
+```
+
+#### Example with specs
+
+```clj
+(require '[reitit.ring :as ring])
+(require '[reitit.coercion :as coercion])
+(require '[reitit.coercion.spec :as spec])
+(require '[clojure.spec.alpha :as s])
+(require '[spec-tools.core :as st])
+
+(s/def ::x (st/spec int?))
+(s/def ::y (st/spec int?))
+(s/def ::total int?)
+(s/def ::request (s/keys :req-un [::x ::y]))
+(s/def ::response (s/keys :req-un [::total]))
+
+(def app
+  (ring/ring-handler
+    (ring/router
+      ["/api"
+       ["/ping" {:parameters {:body ::request}
+                 :responses {200 {:schema ::response}}
+                 :get {:handler (fn [{{{:keys [x y]} :body} :parameters}]
+                                  {:status 200
+                                   :body {:total (+ x y)}})}}]]
+      {:meta {:middleware [coercion/gen-wrap-coerce-parameters
+                           coercion/gen-wrap-coerce-response]
+              :coercion spec/coercion}})))
+```
+
+```clj
+(app
+  {:request-method :get
+   :uri "/api/ping"
+   :body-params {:x 1, :y 2}})
+; {:status 200, :body {:total 3}}
+```
+
+## Compiling Middleware
+
+The [meta-data extensions](#meta-data-based-extensions) are a easy way to extend the system. Routes meta-data can be trasnformed into any shape (records, functions etc.) in route compilation, enabling easy access at request-time.
+
+Still, we can do better. As we know the exact route interceptor/middleware is linked to, we can pass the (compiled) route information into the interceptor/middleware at creation-time. It can extract and transform relevant data just for it and pass it into the actual request-handler via a closure. We can do all the static local computations forehand, yielding much lighter runtime processing.
+
+For middleware, there is a helper `reitit.middleware/gen` for this. It takes a function of `route-meta router-opts => middleware` and returns a special record extending the internal middleware protocols so it can be mounted as normal middleware. The compiled middleware can also decide no to mount itsef byt returning `nil`. Why mount `wrap-enforce-roles` if there are no roles required for that route?
+
+To demonstrate the two approaches, below are response coercion middleware written in both ways (found in `reitit.coercion`):
+
+### Naive
+
+* Extracts the compiled route information on every request.
+
+```clj
+(defn wrap-coerce-response
+  "Pluggable response coercion middleware.
+  Expects a :coercion of type `reitit.coercion.protocol/Coercion`
+  and :responeses from route meta, otherwise does not mount."
+  [handler]
+  (fn
+    ([request]
+     (let [response (handler request)
+           method (:request-method request)
+           match (ring/get-match request)
+           responses (-> match :result method :meta :responses)
+           coercion (-> match :meta :coercion)
+           opts (-> match :meta :opts)]
+       (if (and coercion responses)
+         (let [coercers (response-coercers coercion responses opts)
+               coerced (coerce-response coercers request response)]
+           (coerce-response coercers request (handler request)))
+         (handler request))))
+    ([request respond raise]
+     (let [response (handler request)
+           method (:request-method request)
+           match (ring/get-match request)
+           responses (-> match :result method :meta :responses)
+           coercion (-> match :meta :coercion)
+           opts (-> match :meta :opts)]
+       (if (and coercion responses)
+         (let [coercers (response-coercers coercion responses opts)
+               coerced (coerce-response coercers request response)]
+           (handler request #(respond (coerce-response coercers request %))))
+         (handler request respond raise))))))
+```
+
+### Compiled
+
+* Route information is provided via a closure
+* Pre-compiled coercers
+* Mounts only if `:coercion` and `:responses` are defined for the route
+
+```clj
+(def gen-wrap-coerce-response
+  "Generator for pluggable response coercion middleware.
+  Expects a :coercion of type `reitit.coercion.protocol/Coercion`
+  and :responses from route meta, otherwise does not mount."
+  (middleware/gen
+    (fn [{:keys [responses coercion opts]} _]
+      (if (and coercion responses)
+        (let [coercers (response-coercers coercion responses opts)]
+          (fn [handler]
+            (fn
+              ([request]
+               (coerce-response coercers request (handler request)))
+              ([request respond raise]
+               (handler request #(respond (coerce-response coercers request %)) raise)))))))))
+```
+
 ## Merging route-trees
 
 *TODO*
@@ -405,7 +563,7 @@ Authorized access to guarded route:
 
 *TODO*
 
-## Schema, Spec, Swagger & Openapi
+## Swagger & Openapi
 
 *TODO*
 
diff --git a/perf-test/clj/reitit/coercion_perf_test.clj b/perf-test/clj/reitit/coercion_perf_test.clj
index bd443498..61adcb1b 100644
--- a/perf-test/clj/reitit/coercion_perf_test.clj
+++ b/perf-test/clj/reitit/coercion_perf_test.clj
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
 (defrecord NoOpCoercion []
   protocol/Coercion
   (get-name [_] :no-op)
-  (compile [_ model] model)
+  (compile [_ model _] model)
   (get-apidocs [_ _ {:keys [parameters responses] :as info}])
   (make-open [_ spec] spec)
   (encode-error [_ error] error)
diff --git a/src/reitit/coercion.cljc b/src/reitit/coercion.cljc
index 3ddfd129..a9004365 100644
--- a/src/reitit/coercion.cljc
+++ b/src/reitit/coercion.cljc
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
             [reitit.ring :as ring]
             [reitit.impl :as impl]))
 
-(defn get-apidocs [coercion spec info]
+#_(defn get-apidocs [coercion spec info]
   (protocol/get-apidocs coercion spec info))
 
 ;;
@@ -61,15 +61,16 @@
             (request-coercion-failed! result coercion value in request)
             result))))))
 
-(defn- response-format [request response]
+#_(defn muuntaja-response-format [request response]
   (or (-> response :muuntaja/content-type)
       (some-> request :muuntaja/response :format)))
 
-(defn response-coercer [coercion model]
+(defn response-coercer [coercion model {:keys [extract-response-format]
+                                        :or {extract-response-format (constantly nil)}}]
   (if coercion
     (let [coercer (protocol/response-coercer coercion model)]
       (fn [request response]
-        (let [format (response-format request response)
+        (let [format (extract-response-format request response)
               value (:body response)
               result (coercer value format)]
           (if (protocol/error? result)
@@ -98,15 +99,15 @@
          [k (request-coercer coercion k v)])
        (into {})))
 
-(defn ^:no-doc response-coercers [coercion responses]
+(defn ^:no-doc response-coercers [coercion responses opts]
   (->> (for [[status {:keys [schema]}] responses :when schema]
-         [status (response-coercer coercion schema)])
+         [status (response-coercer coercion schema opts)])
        (into {})))
 
 (defn wrap-coerce-parameters
   "Pluggable request coercion middleware.
   Expects a :coercion of type `reitit.coercion.protocol/Coercion`
-  from injected route meta, otherwise does not mount."
+  and :parameters from route meta, otherwise does not mount."
   [handler]
   (fn
     ([request]
@@ -132,10 +133,10 @@
 (def gen-wrap-coerce-parameters
   "Generator for pluggable request coercion middleware.
   Expects a :coercion of type `reitit.coercion.protocol/Coercion`
-  from injected route meta, otherwise does not mount."
+  and :parameters from route meta, otherwise does not mount."
   (middleware/gen
     (fn [{:keys [parameters coercion]} _]
-      (if coercion
+      (if (and coercion parameters)
         (let [coercers (request-coercers coercion parameters)]
           (fn [handler]
             (fn
@@ -149,7 +150,7 @@
 (defn wrap-coerce-response
   "Pluggable response coercion middleware.
   Expects a :coercion of type `reitit.coercion.protocol/Coercion`
-  from injected route meta, otherwise does not mount."
+  and :responses from route meta, otherwise does not mount."
   [handler]
   (fn
     ([request]
@@ -157,9 +158,10 @@
            method (:request-method request)
            match (ring/get-match request)
            responses (-> match :result method :meta :responses)
-           coercion (-> match :meta :coercion)]
+           coercion (-> match :meta :coercion)
+           opts (-> match :meta :opts)]
        (if coercion
-         (let [coercers (response-coercers coercion responses)
+         (let [coercers (response-coercers coercion responses opts)
                coerced (coerce-response coercers request response)]
            (coerce-response coercers request (handler request)))
          (handler request))))
@@ -168,9 +170,10 @@
            method (:request-method request)
            match (ring/get-match request)
            responses (-> match :result method :meta :responses)
-           coercion (-> match :meta :coercion)]
+           coercion (-> match :meta :coercion)
+           opts (-> match :meta :opts)]
        (if coercion
-         (let [coercers (response-coercers coercion responses)
+         (let [coercers (response-coercers coercion responses opts)
                coerced (coerce-response coercers request response)]
            (handler request #(respond (coerce-response coercers request %))))
          (handler request respond raise))))))
@@ -178,11 +181,11 @@
 (def gen-wrap-coerce-response
   "Generator for pluggable response coercion middleware.
   Expects a :coercion of type `reitit.coercion.protocol/Coercion`
-  from injected route meta, otherwise does not mount."
+  and :responses from route meta, otherwise does not mount."
   (middleware/gen
-    (fn [{:keys [responses coercion]} _]
-      (if coercion
-        (let [coercers (response-coercers coercion responses)]
+    (fn [{:keys [responses coercion opts]} _]
+      (if (and coercion responses)
+        (let [coercers (response-coercers coercion responses opts)]
           (fn [handler]
             (fn
               ([request]
diff --git a/src/reitit/coercion/protocol.cljc b/src/reitit/coercion/protocol.cljc
index 9e58df3b..aaacb41a 100644
--- a/src/reitit/coercion/protocol.cljc
+++ b/src/reitit/coercion/protocol.cljc
@@ -2,13 +2,14 @@
   (:refer-clojure :exclude [compile]))
 
 (defprotocol Coercion
-  (get-name [this])
-  (compile [this model])
-  (get-apidocs [this model data])
-  (make-open [this model])
-  (encode-error [this error])
-  (request-coercer [this type model])
-  (response-coercer [this model]))
+  "Pluggable coercion protocol"
+  (get-name [this] "Keyword name for the coercion")
+  (compile [this model name] "Compiles a coercion model")
+  (get-apidocs [this model data] "???")
+  (make-open [this model] "Returns a new map model which doesn't fail on extra keys")
+  (encode-error [this error] "Converts error in to a serializable format")
+  (request-coercer [this type model] "Returns a `value format => value` request coercion function")
+  (response-coercer [this model] "Returns a `value format => value` response coercion function"))
 
 (defrecord CoercionError [])
 
diff --git a/src/reitit/coercion/spec.cljc b/src/reitit/coercion/spec.cljc
index 461ac1a4..4d8603e3 100644
--- a/src/reitit/coercion/spec.cljc
+++ b/src/reitit/coercion/spec.cljc
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
   protocol/Coercion
   (get-name [_] name)
 
-  (compile [_ model]
+  (compile [_ model _]
     (memoized-specify model))
 
   (get-apidocs [_ _ {:keys [parameters responses] :as info}]
diff --git a/test/cljc/reitit/coercion_test.cljc b/test/cljc/reitit/coercion_test.cljc
index f194da87..20057b8c 100644
--- a/test/cljc/reitit/coercion_test.cljc
+++ b/test/cljc/reitit/coercion_test.cljc
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-(ns reitit.middleware-test
+(ns reitit.coercion-test
   (:require [clojure.test :refer [deftest testing is]]
             [reitit.ring :as ring]
             [reitit.coercion :as coercion]

From 76f7f2859127a42df67bfdb4ac9a6a58b5ee2e2b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tommi Reiman <tommi@iki.fi>
Date: Mon, 4 Sep 2017 08:24:42 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 5/5] welcome, first class data-driven Middleware.

---
 README.md                             |  88 ++++++++++++++----
 project.clj                           |   4 +-
 src/reitit/coercion.cljc              |  52 ++++++-----
 src/reitit/middleware.cljc            |  49 ++++++----
 test/cljc/reitit/middleware_test.cljc | 129 ++++++++++++++++----------
 5 files changed, 210 insertions(+), 112 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 6de6bb91..12090b7e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ A friendly data-driven router for Clojure(Script).
 * Generic, not tied to HTTP
 * [Route conflict resolution](#route-conflicts)
 * [Pluggable coercion](#parameter-coercion) ([clojure.spec](https://clojure.org/about/spec))
-* Middleware & Interceptors
+* both Middleware & Interceptors
 * Extendable
 * Fast
 
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ Route trees should not have multiple routes that match to a single (request) pat
 
 ## Ring
 
-[Ring](https://github.com/ring-clojure/ring)-router adds support for [handlers](https://github.com/ring-clojure/ring/wiki/Concepts#handlers), [middleware](https://github.com/ring-clojure/ring/wiki/Concepts#middleware) and routing based on `:request-method`.
+[Ring](https://github.com/ring-clojure/ring)-router adds support for ring [handlers](https://github.com/ring-clojure/ring/wiki/Concepts#handlers), [middleware](https://github.com/ring-clojure/ring/wiki/Concepts#middleware) and routing based on `:request-method`. Ring-router is created with `reitit.ring/router` function. It validates that all paths have a `:handler` defined and expands `:middleware` to create accumulated handlers for all request-methods. `reitit.ring/ring-handler` creates an actual ring handler out of a ring-router.
 
 Simple Ring app:
 
@@ -295,6 +295,11 @@ Reverse routing:
 
 ### Middleware
 
+`:middleware` should be a vector of either of the following (expanded via the `reitit.middleware/ExpandMiddleware`:
+
+1. a ring middleware function of `handler -> request -> response`
+2. a vector of middleware function (`handler args -> request -> response`) and it's args - actial middleware is created by applying function with handler and args
+
 Let's define some middleware and a handler:
 
 ```clj
@@ -335,6 +340,50 @@ Middleware is applied correctly:
 ; {:status 200, :body [:api :admin :db :delete :handler]}
 ```
 
+### Middleware Records
+
+Besides just being opaque functions, middleware can be presented as first-class data entries, `reitit.middleware/Middleware` records. They are created with `reitit.middleware/create` function and must have a `:name` and either `:wrap` or `:gen` key with the actual middleware function or a [middleware generator function](#compiling-middleware).
+
+When routes are compiled, middleware records are unwrapped into normal middleware functions producing no runtime performance penalty. Thanks to  the `ExpandMiddleware` protocol, plain clojure(script) maps can also be used - they get expanded into middleware records.
+
+The previous middleware re-written as records:
+
+```clj
+(require '[reitit.middleware :as middleware])
+
+(def wrap2
+  (middleware/create
+    {:name ::wrap
+     :description "a nice little mw, takes 1 arg."
+     :wrap wrap}))
+
+(def wrap2-api
+  {:name ::wrap-api
+   :description "a nice little mw, :api as arg"
+   :wrap (fn [handler]
+           (wrap handler :api))})
+```
+
+Or as maps:
+
+```clj
+(require '[reitit.middleware :as middleware])
+
+(def wrap3
+  {:name ::wrap
+   :description "a nice little mw, takes 1 arg."
+   :wrap wrap})
+
+(def wrap3-api
+  {:name ::wrap-api
+   :description "a nice little mw, :api as arg"
+   :wrap (fn [handler]
+           (wrap handler :api))})
+```
+
+
+
+
 ### Async Ring
 
 All built-in middleware provide both the 2 and 3-arity, so they work with [Async Ring](https://www.booleanknot.com/blog/2016/07/15/asynchronous-ring.html) too.
@@ -399,9 +448,9 @@ Reitit ships with pluggable parameter coercion via `reitit.coercion.protocol/Coe
 **NOTE**: to use the spec-coercion, one needs to add the following dependencies manually to the project:
 
 ```clj
-[org.clojure/clojure "1.9.0-alpha17"]
+[org.clojure/clojure "1.9.0-alpha19"]
 [org.clojure/spec.alpha "0.1.123"]
-[metosin/spec-tools "0.3.2"]
+[metosin/spec-tools "0.3.3"]
 ```
 
 ### Ring request and response coercion
@@ -489,11 +538,11 @@ If either request or response coercion fails, an descriptive error is thrown.
 
 The [meta-data extensions](#meta-data-based-extensions) are a easy way to extend the system. Routes meta-data can be trasnformed into any shape (records, functions etc.) in route compilation, enabling easy access at request-time.
 
-Still, we can do better. As we know the exact route interceptor/middleware is linked to, we can pass the (compiled) route information into the interceptor/middleware at creation-time. It can extract and transform relevant data just for it and pass it into the actual request-handler via a closure. We can do all the static local computations forehand, yielding much lighter runtime processing.
+Still, we can do better. As we know the exact route interceptor/middleware is linked to, we can pass the (compiled) route information into the interceptor/middleware at creation-time. It can extract and transform relevant data just for it and pass it into the actual request-handler via a closure. We can do all the static local computations forehand, yielding faster runtime processing.
 
-For middleware, there is a helper `reitit.middleware/gen` for this. It takes a function of `route-meta router-opts => middleware` and returns a special record extending the internal middleware protocols so it can be mounted as normal middleware. The compiled middleware can also decide no to mount itsef byt returning `nil`. Why mount `wrap-enforce-roles` if there are no roles required for that route?
+To do this we use [middleware records](#middleware-records) `:gen` hook instead of the normal `:wrap`. `:gen` expects a function of `route-meta router-opts => wrap`. Instead of returning the actual middleware function, the middleware record can also decide no to mount itsef byt returning `nil`. Why mount `wrap-enforce-roles` for a route if there are no roles required for it?
 
-To demonstrate the two approaches, below are response coercion middleware written in both ways (found in `reitit.coercion`):
+To demonstrate the two approaches, below are response coercion middleware written as normal ring middleware function and as middleware record with `:gen`. The actual codes are from `reitit.coercion`:
 
 ### Naive
 
@@ -543,18 +592,21 @@ To demonstrate the two approaches, below are response coercion middleware writte
   "Generator for pluggable response coercion middleware.
   Expects a :coercion of type `reitit.coercion.protocol/Coercion`
   and :responses from route meta, otherwise does not mount."
-  (middleware/gen
-    (fn [{:keys [responses coercion opts]} _]
-      (if (and coercion responses)
-        (let [coercers (response-coercers coercion responses opts)]
-          (fn [handler]
-            (fn
-              ([request]
-               (coerce-response coercers request (handler request)))
-              ([request respond raise]
-               (handler request #(respond (coerce-response coercers request %)) raise)))))))))
+  (middleware/create
+    {:name ::coerce-response
+     :gen (fn [{:keys [responses coercion opts]} _]
+            (if (and coercion responses)
+              (let [coercers (response-coercers coercion responses opts)]
+                (fn [handler]
+                  (fn
+                    ([request]
+                     (coerce-response coercers request (handler request)))
+                    ([request respond raise]
+                     (handler request #(respond (coerce-response coercers request %)) raise)))))))}))
 ```
 
+The `:gen` -version is both much easier to understand but also 2-4x faster on basic perf tests.
+
 ## Merging route-trees
 
 *TODO*
@@ -577,7 +629,7 @@ Routers can be configured via options. Options allow things like [`clojure.spec`
 
   | key          | description |
   | -------------|-------------|
-  | `:path`      | Base-path for routes (default `""`)
+  | `:path`      | Base-path for routes
   | `:routes`    | Initial resolved routes (default `[]`)
   | `:meta`      | Initial expanded route-meta vector (default `[]`)
   | `:expand`    | Function of `arg opts => meta` to expand route arg to route meta-data (default `reitit.core/expand`)
diff --git a/project.clj b/project.clj
index cf5305c2..6c4926db 100644
--- a/project.clj
+++ b/project.clj
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
                              [lein-cloverage "1.0.9"]
                              [lein-codox "0.10.3"]]
                    :jvm-opts ^:replace ["-server"]
-                   :dependencies [[org.clojure/clojure "1.9.0-alpha17"]
+                   :dependencies [[org.clojure/clojure "1.9.0-alpha19"]
                                   [org.clojure/clojurescript "1.9.660"]
 
-                                  [metosin/spec-tools "0.3.2"]
+                                  [metosin/spec-tools "0.3.3"]
                                   [org.clojure/spec.alpha "0.1.123"]
 
                                   [criterium "0.4.4"]
diff --git a/src/reitit/coercion.cljc b/src/reitit/coercion.cljc
index a9004365..c2c0c901 100644
--- a/src/reitit/coercion.cljc
+++ b/src/reitit/coercion.cljc
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
             [reitit.impl :as impl]))
 
 #_(defn get-apidocs [coercion spec info]
-  (protocol/get-apidocs coercion spec info))
+    (protocol/get-apidocs coercion spec info))
 
 ;;
 ;; coercer
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@
             result))))))
 
 #_(defn muuntaja-response-format [request response]
-  (or (-> response :muuntaja/content-type)
-      (some-> request :muuntaja/response :format)))
+    (or (-> response :muuntaja/content-type)
+        (some-> request :muuntaja/response :format)))
 
 (defn response-coercer [coercion model {:keys [extract-response-format]
                                         :or {extract-response-format (constantly nil)}}]
@@ -134,18 +134,19 @@
   "Generator for pluggable request coercion middleware.
   Expects a :coercion of type `reitit.coercion.protocol/Coercion`
   and :parameters from route meta, otherwise does not mount."
-  (middleware/gen
-    (fn [{:keys [parameters coercion]} _]
-      (if (and coercion parameters)
-        (let [coercers (request-coercers coercion parameters)]
-          (fn [handler]
-            (fn
-              ([request]
-               (let [coerced (coerce-parameters coercers request)]
-                 (handler (impl/fast-assoc request :parameters coerced))))
-              ([request respond raise]
-               (let [coerced (coerce-parameters coercers request)]
-                 (handler (impl/fast-assoc request :parameters coerced) respond raise))))))))))
+  (middleware/create
+    {:name ::coerce-parameters
+     :gen (fn [{:keys [parameters coercion]} _]
+            (if (and coercion parameters)
+              (let [coercers (request-coercers coercion parameters)]
+                (fn [handler]
+                  (fn
+                    ([request]
+                     (let [coerced (coerce-parameters coercers request)]
+                       (handler (impl/fast-assoc request :parameters coerced))))
+                    ([request respond raise]
+                     (let [coerced (coerce-parameters coercers request)]
+                       (handler (impl/fast-assoc request :parameters coerced) respond raise))))))))}))
 
 (defn wrap-coerce-response
   "Pluggable response coercion middleware.
@@ -182,14 +183,15 @@
   "Generator for pluggable response coercion middleware.
   Expects a :coercion of type `reitit.coercion.protocol/Coercion`
   and :responses from route meta, otherwise does not mount."
-  (middleware/gen
-    (fn [{:keys [responses coercion opts]} _]
-      (if (and coercion responses)
-        (let [coercers (response-coercers coercion responses opts)]
-          (fn [handler]
-            (fn
-              ([request]
-               (coerce-response coercers request (handler request)))
-              ([request respond raise]
-               (handler request #(respond (coerce-response coercers request %)) raise)))))))))
+  (middleware/create
+    {:name ::coerce-response
+     :gen (fn [{:keys [responses coercion opts]} _]
+            (if (and coercion responses)
+              (let [coercers (response-coercers coercion responses opts)]
+                (fn [handler]
+                  (fn
+                    ([request]
+                     (coerce-response coercers request (handler request)))
+                    ([request respond raise]
+                     (handler request #(respond (coerce-response coercers request %)) raise)))))))}))
 
diff --git a/src/reitit/middleware.cljc b/src/reitit/middleware.cljc
index 853fc50d..a817b2f8 100644
--- a/src/reitit/middleware.cljc
+++ b/src/reitit/middleware.cljc
@@ -1,23 +1,22 @@
 (ns reitit.middleware
   (:require [meta-merge.core :refer [meta-merge]]
-            [reitit.core :as reitit])
-  #?(:clj
-     (:import (clojure.lang IFn AFn))))
+            [reitit.core :as reitit]))
 
 (defprotocol ExpandMiddleware
   (expand-middleware [this meta opts]))
 
-(defrecord MiddlewareGenerator [f args]
-  IFn
-  (invoke [_]
-    (f nil nil))
-  (invoke [_ meta]
-    (f meta nil))
-  (invoke [_ meta opts]
-    (f meta opts))
-  #?(:clj
-     (applyTo [this args]
-       (AFn/applyToHelper this args))))
+(defrecord Middleware [name wrap create])
+
+(defn create [{:keys [name gen wrap] :as m}]
+  (when-not name
+    (throw
+      (ex-info
+        (str "Middleware must have :name defined " m) m)))
+  (when (and gen wrap)
+    (throw
+      (ex-info
+        (str "Middleware can't both :wrap and :gen defined " m) m)))
+  (map->Middleware m))
 
 (extend-protocol ExpandMiddleware
 
@@ -32,11 +31,24 @@
      :cljs function)
   (expand-middleware [this _ _] this)
 
-  MiddlewareGenerator
+  #?(:clj  clojure.lang.PersistentArrayMap
+     :cljs cljs.core.PersistentArrayMap)
   (expand-middleware [this meta opts]
-    (if-let [mw (this meta opts)]
+    (expand-middleware (create this) meta opts))
+
+  #?(:clj  clojure.lang.PersistentHashMap
+     :cljs cljs.core.PersistentHashMap)
+  (expand-middleware [this meta opts]
+    (expand-middleware (create this) meta opts))
+
+  Middleware
+  (expand-middleware [{:keys [wrap gen]} meta opts]
+    (if gen
+      (if-let [wrap (gen meta opts)]
+        (fn [handler & args]
+          (apply wrap handler args)))
       (fn [handler & args]
-        (apply mw handler args))))
+        (apply wrap handler args))))
 
   nil
   (expand-middleware [_ _ _]))
@@ -56,9 +68,6 @@
        (keep identity)
        (apply comp identity)))
 
-(defn gen [f & args]
-  (->MiddlewareGenerator f args))
-
 (defn compile-handler
   ([route opts]
    (compile-handler route opts nil))
diff --git a/test/cljc/reitit/middleware_test.cljc b/test/cljc/reitit/middleware_test.cljc
index 3c57b2aa..6c24f5c3 100644
--- a/test/cljc/reitit/middleware_test.cljc
+++ b/test/cljc/reitit/middleware_test.cljc
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 (ns reitit.middleware-test
-  (:require [clojure.test :refer [deftest testing is]]
+  (:require [clojure.test :refer [deftest testing is are]]
             [reitit.middleware :as middleware]
             [clojure.set :as set]
             [reitit.core :as reitit])
@@ -26,61 +26,96 @@
    (respond (handler request))))
 
 (deftest expand-middleware-test
-  (testing "middleware generators"
-    (let [calls (atom 0)]
 
-      (testing "record generator"
-        (reset! calls 0)
-        (let [syntax [(middleware/gen
-                        (fn [meta _]
+  (testing "middleware records"
+
+    (testing ":name is mandatory"
+      (is (thrown-with-msg?
+            ExceptionInfo
+            #"Middleware must have :name defined"
+            (middleware/create
+              {:wrap identity
+               :gen (constantly identity)}))))
+
+    (testing ":wrap & :gen are exclusive"
+      (is (thrown-with-msg?
+            ExceptionInfo
+            #"Middleware can't both :wrap and :gen defined"
+            (middleware/create
+              {:name ::test
+               :wrap identity
+               :gen (constantly identity)}))))
+
+    (testing ":wrap"
+      (let [calls (atom 0)
+            data {:name ::test
+                  :wrap (fn [handler value]
                           (swap! calls inc)
-                          (fn [handler value]
-                            (swap! calls inc)
-                            (fn [request]
-                              [meta value request]))))]
-              app ((middleware/compose-middleware syntax :meta {}) identity :value)]
-          (dotimes [_ 10]
-            (is (= [:meta :value :request] (app :request)))
-            (is (= 2 @calls)))))
+                          (fn [request]
+                            [value request]))}]
 
-      (testing "middleware generator as function"
-        (reset! calls 0)
-        (let [syntax (middleware/gen
-                       (fn [meta _]
+        (testing "as map"
+          (reset! calls 0)
+          (let [app ((middleware/compose-middleware [data] :meta {}) identity :value)]
+            (dotimes [_ 10]
+              (is (= [:value :request] (app :request)))
+              (is (= 1 @calls)))))
+
+        (testing "direct"
+          (reset! calls 0)
+          (let [app ((middleware/compose-middleware [(middleware/create data)] :meta {}) identity :value)]
+            (dotimes [_ 10]
+              (is (= [:value :request] (app :request)))
+              (is (= 1 @calls)))))
+
+        (testing "vector"
+          (reset! calls 0)
+          (let [app ((middleware/compose-middleware [[(middleware/create data) :value]] :meta {}) identity)]
+            (dotimes [_ 10]
+              (is (= [:value :request] (app :request)))
+              (is (= 1 @calls)))))))
+
+    (testing ":gen"
+      (let [calls (atom 0)
+            data {:name ::test
+                  :gen (fn [meta _]
                          (swap! calls inc)
                          (fn [handler value]
                            (swap! calls inc)
                            (fn [request]
-                             [meta value request]))))
-              app ((syntax :meta nil) identity :value)]
-          (dotimes [_ 10]
+                             [meta value request])))}]
+
+        (testing "as map"
+          (reset! calls 0)
+          (let [app ((middleware/compose-middleware [data] :meta {}) identity :value)]
+            (dotimes [_ 10]
+              (is (= [:meta :value :request] (app :request)))
+              (is (= 2 @calls)))))
+
+        (testing "direct"
+          (reset! calls 0)
+          (let [app ((middleware/compose-middleware [(middleware/create data)] :meta {}) identity :value)]
+            (dotimes [_ 10]
+              (is (= [:meta :value :request] (app :request)))
+              (is (= 2 @calls)))))
+
+        (testing "vector"
+          (reset! calls 0)
+          (let [app ((middleware/compose-middleware [[(middleware/create data) :value]] :meta {}) identity)]
             (is (= [:meta :value :request] (app :request)))
-            (is (= 2 @calls)))))
-
-      (testing "generator vector"
-        (reset! calls 0)
-        (let [syntax [[(middleware/gen
-                         (fn [meta _]
-                           (swap! calls inc)
-                           (fn [handler value]
-                             (swap! calls inc)
-                             (fn [request]
-                               [meta value request])))) :value]]
-              app ((middleware/compose-middleware syntax :meta {}) identity)]
-          (is (= [:meta :value :request] (app :request)))
-          (dotimes [_ 10]
-            (is (= [:meta :value :request] (app :request)))
-            (is (= 2 @calls)))))
-
-      (testing "generator can return nil"
-        (reset! calls 0)
-        (let [syntax [[(middleware/gen
-                         (fn [meta _])) :value]]
-              app ((middleware/compose-middleware syntax :meta {}) identity)]
-          (is (= :request (app :request)))
-          (dotimes [_ 10]
-            (is (= :request (app :request)))))))))
+            (dotimes [_ 10]
+              (is (= [:meta :value :request] (app :request)))
+              (is (= 2 @calls)))))
 
+        (testing "nil unmounts the middleware"
+          (reset! calls 0)
+          (let [syntax [[(middleware/create
+                           {:name ::test
+                            :gen (fn [meta _])}) :value]]
+                app ((middleware/compose-middleware syntax :meta {}) identity)]
+            (is (= :request (app :request)))
+            (dotimes [_ 10]
+              (is (= :request (app :request))))))))))
 
 (deftest middleware-router-test