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< h1 id = "ring-coercion" > Ring Coercion< / h1 >
< p > Coercion is explained in detail < a href = "../coercion/coercion.html" > in the Coercion Guide< / a > . Both request parameters (< code > :query< / code > , < code > :body< / code > , < code > :form< / code > , < code > :header< / code > and < code > :path< / code > ) and response < code > :body< / code > can be coerced.< / p >
< p > To enable coercion, the following things need to be done:< / p >
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< ul >
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< li > Define a < code > reitit.coercion/Coercion< / code > for the routes< / li >
< li > Define types for the parameters and/or responses< / li >
< li > Mount Coercion Middleware to apply to coercion< / li >
< li > Use the coerced parameters in a handler/middleware< / li >
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< / ul >
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< h2 id = "define-coercion" > Define coercion< / h2 >
< p > < code > reitit.coercion/Coercion< / code > is a protocol defining how types are defined, coerced and inventoried.< / p >
< p > Reitit ships with the following coercion modules:< / p >
< ul >
< li > < code > reitit.coercion.schema/coercion< / code > for < a href = "https://github.com/plumatic/schema" target = "_blank" > plumatic schema< / a > < / li >
< li > < code > reitit.coercion.spec/coercion< / code > for both < a href = "https://clojure.org/about/spec" target = "_blank" > clojure.spec< / a > and < a href = "https://github.com/metosin/spec-tools#data-specs" target = "_blank" > data-specs< / a > < / li >
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< / ul >
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< p > Coercion can be attached to route data under < code > :coercion< / code > key. There can be multiple < code > Coercion< / code > implementations within a single router, normal < a href = "../basics/route_data.html#nested-route-data" > scoping rules< / a > apply.< / p >
< h1 id = "defining-parameters-and-responses" > Defining parameters and responses< / h1 >
< p > Below is a ring route data defining < a href = "https://github.com/plumatic/schema" target = "_blank" > Plumatic Schema< / a > coercion. It defines schemas for < code > :query< / code > , < code > :body< / code > and < code > :path< / code > parameters and for a successful response < code > :body< / code > .< / p >
< p > The coerced parameters can be read under < code > :parameters< / code > key in the request.< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [reitit.coercion.schema])
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(< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [schema.core < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :as< / span > s])
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(< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > def< / span > < / span > plus-endpoint
{< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :coercion< / span > reitit.coercion.schema/coercion
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :parameters< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :query< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :x< / span > s/Int}
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :y< / span > s/Int}
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :path< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :z< / span > s/Int}}
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :responses< / span > {< span class = "hljs-number" > 200< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :schema< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :total< / span > PositiveInt}}}
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :handler< / span > (< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > fn< / span > < / span > [{< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :keys< / span > [parameters]}]
(< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > let< / span > < / span > [total (< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > +< / span > < / span > (< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > -> < / span > < / span > parameters < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :query< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :x< / span > )
(< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > -> < / span > < / span > parameters < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :y< / span > )
(< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > -> < / span > < / span > parameters < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :path< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :z< / span > ))]
{< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :status< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 200< / span >
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :total< / span > total}}))})
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< / code > < / pre >
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< h2 id = "coercion-middleware" > Coercion Middleware< / h2 >
< p > Defining a coercion for a route data doesn' t do anything, as it' s just data. We have to attach some code to apply the actual coercion. We can use the middleware from < code > reitit.ring.coercion-middleware< / code > :< / p >
< ul >
< li > < code > coerce-request-middleware< / code > for the parameter coercion< / li >
< li > < code > coerce-response-middleware< / code > for the response coercion< / li >
< li > < code > coerce-exceptions-middleware< / code > to turn coercion exceptions into pretty responses< / li >
< / ul >
< h3 id = "example-with-schema" > Example with Schema< / h3 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [reitit.ring.coercion-middleware < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :as< / span > mw])
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(< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > def< / span > < / span > app
(< span class = "hljs-name" > ring/ring-handler< / span >
(< span class = "hljs-name" > ring/router< / span >
[< span class = "hljs-string" > " /api" < / span >
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[< span class = "hljs-string" > " /ping" < / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :name< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > ::ping< / span >
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :get< / span > (< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > fn< / span > < / span > [_]
{< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :status< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 200< / span >
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " pong" < / span > })}]
[< span class = "hljs-string" > " /plus/:z" < / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :name< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > ::plus< / span >
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :post< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :coercion< / span > reitit.coercion.schema/coercion
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :parameters< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :query< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :x< / span > s/Int}
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :y< / span > s/Int}
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :path< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :z< / span > s/Int}}
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :responses< / span > {< span class = "hljs-number" > 200< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :schema< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :total< / span > PositiveInt}}}
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :handler< / span > (< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > fn< / span > < / span > [{< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :keys< / span > [parameters]}]
(< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > let< / span > < / span > [total (< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > +< / span > < / span > (< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > -> < / span > < / span > parameters < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :query< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :x< / span > )
(< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > -> < / span > < / span > parameters < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :y< / span > )
(< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > -> < / span > < / span > parameters < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :path< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :z< / span > ))]
{< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :status< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 200< / span >
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :total< / span > total}}))}}]]
{< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :data< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :middleware< / span > [mw/coerce-exceptions-middleware
mw/coerce-request-middleware
mw/coerce-response-middleware]}})))
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< / code > < / pre >
< p > Valid request:< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > app< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :request-method< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :post< / span >
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :uri< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " /api/plus/3" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :query-params< / span > {< span class = "hljs-string" > " x" < / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " 1" < / span > }
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body-params< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :y< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 2< / span > }})
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; {:status 200, :body {:total 6}}< / span >
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< / code > < / pre >
< p > Invalid request:< / p >
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< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > app< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :request-method< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :post< / span >
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :uri< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " /api/plus/3" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :query-params< / span > {< span class = "hljs-string" > " x" < / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " abba" < / span > }
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body-params< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :y< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 2< / span > }})
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; {:status 400,< / span >
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< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :body {:schema {:x " Int" , " Any" " Any" },< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :errors {:x " (not (integer? \" abba\" ))" },< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :type :reitit.coercion/request-coercion,< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :coercion :schema,< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :value {:x " abba" },< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :in [:request :query-params]}}< / span >
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< / code > < / pre >
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< p > Invalid response:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > app< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :request-method< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :post< / span >
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :uri< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " /api/plus/3" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :query-params< / span > {< span class = "hljs-string" > " x" < / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " 1" < / span > }
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body-params< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :y< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > -10< / span > }})
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; {:status 500,< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :body {:schema {:total " (constrained Int PositiveInt)" },< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :errors {:total " (not (PositiveInt -6))" },< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :type :reitit.coercion/response-coercion,< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :coercion :schema,< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :value {:total -6},< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :in [:response :body]}}< / span >
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< / code > < / pre >
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< h3 id = "optimizations" > Optimizations< / h3 >
< p > The coercion middleware are < a href = "compiling_middleware,md" > compiled againts a route< / a > . This enables them to compile and cache the actual coercers for the defined models ahead of time. They also unmount if a route doesn' t have < code > :coercion< / code > and < code > :parameters< / code > or < code > :responses< / code > defined.< / p >
< p > We can query the compiled middleware chain for the routes:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [reitit.core < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :as< / span > r])
(< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > -> < / span > < / span > (< span class = "hljs-name" > ring/get-router< / span > app)
(< span class = "hljs-name" > r/match-by-name< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > ::plus< / span > )
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :result< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :post< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :middleware< / span >
(< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > -> > < / span > < / span > (< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > mapv< / span > < / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :name< / span > )))
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; [::mw/coerce-exceptions< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; ::mw/coerce-parameters< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; ::mw/coerce-response]< / span >
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< / code > < / pre >
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< p > Route without coercion defined:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > app< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :request-method< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :get< / span > , < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :uri< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " /api/ping" < / span > })
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; {:status 200, :body " pong" }< / span >
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< / code > < / pre >
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< p > Has no mounted middleware:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > -> < / span > < / span > (< span class = "hljs-name" > ring/get-router< / span > app)
(< span class = "hljs-name" > r/match-by-name< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > ::ping< / span > )
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :result< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :get< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :middleware< / span >
(< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > -> > < / span > < / span > (< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > mapv< / span > < / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :name< / span > )))
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; []< / span >
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< / code > < / pre >
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< h2 id = "thanks-to" > Thanks to< / h2 >
< p > Most of the thing are just polished version of the original implementations. Thanks to:< / p >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "https://clojars.org/metosin/compojure-api" target = "_blank" > compojure-api< / a > for the initial < code > Coercion< / code > protocol< / li >
< li > < a href = "https://github.com/metosin/ring-swagger#more-complete-example" target = "_blank" > ring-swagger< / a > for the < code > :parameters< / code > and < code > :responses< / code > syntax.< / li >
< li > < a href = "https://github.com/plumatic/schema" target = "_blank" > schema< / a > and < a href = "https://github.com/metosin/schema-tools" target = "_blank" > schema-tools< / a > for Schema Coercion< / li >
< li > < a href = "https://github.com/metosin/spec-tools" target = "_blank" > spec-tools< / a > for Spec Coercion< / li >
< / ul >
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