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Ring
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Pluggable Coercion
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TODO: Swagger & OpenAPI
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TODO: Interceptors
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<!-- Title -->
< h1 >
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< a href = ".." > Pluggable Coercion< / a >
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< h1 id = "pluggable-coercion" > Pluggable Coercion< / h1 >
< p > Reitit provides pluggable parameter coercion via < code > reitit.ring.coercion.protocol/Coercion< / code > protocol, originally introduced in < a href = "https://clojars.org/metosin/compojure-api" target = "_blank" > compojure-api< / a > .< / p >
< p > Reitit ships with the following coercion modules:< / p >
< ul >
< li > < code > reitit.ring.coercion.schema/SchemaCoercion< / code > for < a href = "https://github.com/plumatic/schema" target = "_blank" > plumatic schema< / a > .< / li >
< li > < code > reitit.ring.coercion.spec/SpecCoercion< / code > for both < a href = "https://clojure.org/about/spec" target = "_blank" > clojure.spec< / a > and < a href = "https://github.com/metosin/spec-tools#data-specs" target = "_blank" > data-specs< / a > .< / li >
< / ul >
< h3 id = "ring-request-and-response-coercion" > Ring request and response coercion< / h3 >
< p > To use < code > Coercion< / code > with Ring, one needs to do the following:< / p >
< ol >
< li > Define parameters and responses as data into route data, in format adopted from < a href = "https://github.com/metosin/ring-swagger#more-complete-example" target = "_blank" > ring-swagger< / a > :< ul >
< li > < code > :parameters< / code > map, with submaps for different parameters: < code > :query< / code > , < code > :body< / code > , < code > :form< / code > , < code > :header< / code > and < code > :path< / code > . Parameters are defined in the format understood by the < code > Coercion< / code > .< / li >
< li > < code > :responses< / code > map, with response status codes as keys (or < code > :default< / code > for " everything else" ) with maps with < code > :schema< / code > and optionally < code > :description< / code > as values.< / li >
< / ul >
< / li >
< li > Set a < code > Coercion< / code > implementation to route data under < code > :coercion< / code > < / li >
< li > Mount request & response coercion middleware to the routes (can be done for all routes as the middleware are only mounted to routes which have the parameters & / responses defined):< ul >
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< li > < code > reitit.ring.coercion/coerce-request-middleware< / code > < / li >
< li > < code > reitit.ring.coercion/coerce-response-middleware< / code > < / li >
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< / ul >
< / li >
< / ol >
< p > If the request coercion succeeds, the coerced parameters are injected into request under < code > :parameters< / code > .< / p >
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< p > If either request or response coercion fails, an descriptive error is thrown. To turn the exceptions into http responses, one can also mount the < code > reitit.ring.coercion/coerce-exceptions-middleware< / code > middleware< / p >
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< h3 id = "example-with-schema" > Example with Schema< / h3 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [reitit.ring < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :as< / span > ring])
(< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [reitit.ring.coercion < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :as< / span > coercion])
(< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [reitit.ring.coercion.schema < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :as< / span > schema])
(< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [schema.core < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :as< / span > s])
(< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > def< / span > < / span > app
(< span class = "hljs-name" > ring/ring-handler< / span >
(< span class = "hljs-name" > ring/router< / span >
[< span class = "hljs-string" > " /api" < / span >
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[< span class = "hljs-string" > " /ping" < / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :post< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :parameters< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :x< / span > s/Int, < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :y< / span > s/Int}}
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :responses< / span > {< span class = "hljs-number" > 200< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :schema< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :total< / span > (< span class = "hljs-name" > s/constrained< / span > s/Int pos?}}}
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :handler< / span > (< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > fn< / span > < / span > [{{{< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :keys< / span > [x y]} < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body< / span > } < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :parameters< / span > }]
{< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :status< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 200< / span >
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :total< / span > (< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > +< / span > < / span > x y)}})}}]]
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{< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :data< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :middleware< / span > [coercion/coerce-exceptions-middleware
coercion/coerce-request-middleware
coercion/coerce-response-middleware]
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< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :coercion< / span > schema/coercion}})))
< / code > < / pre >
< p > Valid request:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > app< / span >
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{< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :request-method< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :post< / span >
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< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :uri< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " /api/ping" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body-params< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :x< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 1< / span > , < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :y< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 2< / span > }})
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; {:status 200< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :body {:total 3}}< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > Invalid request:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > app< / span >
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{< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :request-method< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :post< / span >
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< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :uri< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " /api/ping" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body-params< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :x< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 1< / span > , < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :y< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " 2" < / span > }})
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; {:status 400,< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :body {:type :reitit.ring.coercion/request-coercion< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :coercion :schema< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :in [:request :body-params]< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :value {:x 1, :y " 2" }< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :schema {:x " Int" , :y " Int" }< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :errors {:y " (not (integer? \" 2\" ))" }}}< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< h3 id = "example-with-data-specs" > Example with data-specs< / h3 >
< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [reitit.ring < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :as< / span > ring])
(< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [reitit.ring.coercion < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :as< / span > coercion])
(< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [reitit.ring.coercion.spec < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :as< / span > spec])
(< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > def< / span > < / span > app
(< span class = "hljs-name" > ring/ring-handler< / span >
(< span class = "hljs-name" > ring/router< / span >
[< span class = "hljs-string" > " /api" < / span >
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[< span class = "hljs-string" > " /ping" < / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :post< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :parameters< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :x< / span > int?, < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :y< / span > int?}}
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :responses< / span > {< span class = "hljs-number" > 200< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :schema< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :total< / span > pos-int?}}}
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :handler< / span > (< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > fn< / span > < / span > [{{{< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :keys< / span > [x y]} < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body< / span > } < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :parameters< / span > }]
{< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :status< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 200< / span >
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :total< / span > (< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > +< / span > < / span > x y)}})}}]]
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{< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :data< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :middleware< / span > [coercion/coerce-exceptions-middleware
coercion/coerce-request-middleware
coercion/coerce-response-middleware]
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< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :coercion< / span > spec/coercion}})))
< / code > < / pre >
< p > Valid request:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > app< / span >
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{< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :request-method< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :post< / span >
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< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :uri< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " /api/ping" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body-params< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :x< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 1< / span > , < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :y< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 2< / span > }})
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; {:status 200< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :body {:total 3}}< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > Invalid request:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > app< / span >
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{< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :request-method< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :post< / span >
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< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :uri< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " /api/ping" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body-params< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :x< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 1< / span > , < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :y< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " 2" < / span > }})
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; {:status 400,< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :body {:type ::coercion/request-coercion< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :coercion :spec< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :in [:request :body-params]< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :value {:x 1, :y " 2" }< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :spec " (spec-tools.core/spec {:spec (clojure.spec.alpha/keys :req-un [:$spec37747/x :$spec37747/y]), :type :map, :keys #{:y :x}, :keys/req #{:y :x}})" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :problems [{:path [:y]< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :pred " clojure.core/int?" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :val " 2" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :via [:$spec37747/y]< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :in [:y]}]}}< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< h3 id = "example-with-clojurespec" > Example with clojure.spec< / h3 >
< p > Currently, < code > clojure.spec< / code > < a href = "https://dev.clojure.org/jira/browse/CLJ-2116" target = "_blank" > doesn' t support runtime transformations via conforming< / a > , so one needs to wrap all specs with < code > spec-tools.core/spec< / code > .< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [reitit.ring < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :as< / span > ring])
(< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [reitit.ring.coercion < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :as< / span > coercion])
(< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [reitit.ring.coercion.spec < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :as< / span > spec])
(< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [clojure.spec.alpha < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :as< / span > s])
(< span class = "hljs-name" > require< / span > ' [spec-tools.core < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :as< / span > st])
(< span class = "hljs-name" > s/def< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > ::x< / span > (< span class = "hljs-name" > st/spec< / span > int?))
(< span class = "hljs-name" > s/def< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > ::y< / span > (< span class = "hljs-name" > st/spec< / span > int?))
(< span class = "hljs-name" > s/def< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > ::total< / span > int?)
(< span class = "hljs-name" > s/def< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > ::request< / span > (< span class = "hljs-name" > s/keys< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :req-un< / span > [< span class = "hljs-symbol" > ::x< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > ::y< / span > ]))
(< span class = "hljs-name" > s/def< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > ::response< / span > (< span class = "hljs-name" > s/keys< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :req-un< / span > [< span class = "hljs-symbol" > ::total< / span > ]))
(< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > def< / span > < / span > app
(< span class = "hljs-name" > ring/ring-handler< / span >
(< span class = "hljs-name" > ring/router< / span >
[< span class = "hljs-string" > " /api" < / span >
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[< span class = "hljs-string" > " /ping" < / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :post< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :parameters< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > ::request< / span > }
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :responses< / span > {< span class = "hljs-number" > 200< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :schema< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > ::response< / span > }}
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :handler< / span > (< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > fn< / span > < / span > [{{{< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :keys< / span > [x y]} < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body< / span > } < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :parameters< / span > }]
{< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :status< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 200< / span >
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :total< / span > (< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > +< / span > < / span > x y)}})}}]]
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{< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :data< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :middleware< / span > [coercion/coerce-exceptions-middleware
coercion/coerce-request-middleware
coercion/coerce-response-middleware]
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< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :coercion< / span > spec/coercion}})))
< / code > < / pre >
< p > Valid request:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > app< / span >
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{< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :request-method< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :post< / span >
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< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :uri< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " /api/ping" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body-params< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :x< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 1< / span > , < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :y< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 2< / span > }})
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; {:status 200< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :body {:total 3}}< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< p > Invalid request:< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > app< / span >
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{< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :request-method< / span > < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :post< / span >
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< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :uri< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " /api/ping" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :body-params< / span > {< span class = "hljs-symbol" > :x< / span > < span class = "hljs-number" > 1< / span > , < span class = "hljs-symbol" > :y< / span > < span class = "hljs-string" > " 2" < / span > }})
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; {:status 400,< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :body {:type ::coercion/request-coercion< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :coercion :spec< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :in [:request :body-params]< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :value {:x 1, :y " 2" }< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :spec " (spec-tools.core/spec {:spec (clojure.spec.alpha/keys :req-un [:reitit.coercion-test/x :reitit.coercion-test/y]), :type :map, :keys #{:y :x}, :keys/req #{:y :x}})" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :problems [{:path [:y]< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :pred " clojure.core/int?" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :val " 2" < / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :via [::request ::y]< / span >
< span class = "hljs-comment" > ; :in [:y]}]}}< / span >
< / code > < / pre >
< h3 id = "custom-coercion" > Custom coercion< / h3 >
< p > Both Schema and Spec Coercion can be configured via options, see the source code for details.< / p >
< p > To plug in new validation engine, see the
< code > reitit.ring.coercion.protocol/Coercion< / code > protocol.< / p >
< pre > < code class = "lang-clj" > (< span class = "hljs-name" > < span class = "hljs-builtin-name" > defprotocol< / span > < / span > Coercion
< span class = "hljs-string" > " Pluggable coercion protocol" < / span >
(< span class = "hljs-name" > get-name< / span > [this] < span class = "hljs-string" > " Keyword name for the coercion" < / span > )
(< span class = "hljs-name" > get-apidocs< / span > [this model data] < span class = "hljs-string" > " ???" < / span > )
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(< span class = "hljs-name" > compile-model< / span > [this model name] < span class = "hljs-string" > " Compiles a coercion model" < / span > )
(< span class = "hljs-name" > open-model< / span > [this model] < span class = "hljs-string" > " Returns a new map model which doesn' t fail on extra keys" < / span > )
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(< span class = "hljs-name" > encode-error< / span > [this error] < span class = "hljs-string" > " Converts error in to a serializable format" < / span > )
(< span class = "hljs-name" > request-coercer< / span > [this type model] < span class = "hljs-string" > " Returns a `value format => value` request coercion function" < / span > )
(< span class = "hljs-name" > response-coercer< / span > [this model] < span class = "hljs-string" > " Returns a `value format => value` response coercion function" < / span > ))
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