reitit/doc/ring/ring.md
2018-07-28 12:07:16 +03:00

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# Ring Router
[Ring](https://github.com/ring-clojure/ring) is a Clojure web applications library inspired by Python's WSGI and Ruby's Rack. By abstracting the details of HTTP into a simple, unified API, Ring allows web applications to be constructed of modular components that can be shared among a variety of applications, web servers, and web frameworks.
```clj
[metosin/reitit-ring "0.2.0-SNAPSHOT"]
```
Ring-router adds support for [handlers](https://github.com/ring-clojure/ring/wiki/Concepts#handlers), [middleware](https://github.com/ring-clojure/ring/wiki/Concepts#middleware) and routing based on `:request-method`. Ring-router is created with `reitit.ring/router` function. It uses a custom route compiler, creating a optimized data structure for handling route matches, with compiled middleware chain & handlers for all request methods. It also ensures that all routes have a `:handler` defined. `reitit.ring/ring-handler` is used to create a Ring handler out of ring-router.
### Example
Simple Ring app:
```clj
(require '[reitit.ring :as ring])
(defn handler [_]
{:status 200, :body "ok"})
(def app
(ring/ring-handler
(ring/router
["/ping" handler])))
```
Applying the handler:
```clj
(app {:request-method :get, :uri "/favicon.ico"})
; nil
```
```clj
(app {:request-method :get, :uri "/ping"})
; {:status 200, :body "ok"}
```
The expanded routes shows the compilation results:
```clj
(-> app (ring/get-router) (reitit/routes))
; [["/ping"
; {:handler #object[...]}
; #Methods{:any #Endpoint{:data {:handler #object[...]},
; :handler #object[...],
; :middleware []}}]]
```
Note the compiled resuts as third element in the route vector.
# Request-method based routing
Handler are also looked under request-method keys: `:get`, `:head`, `:patch`, `:delete`, `:options`, `:post` or `:put`. Top-level handler is used if request-method based handler is not found.
```clj
(def app
(ring/ring-handler
(ring/router
["/ping" {:name ::ping
:get handler
:post handler}])))
(app {:request-method :get, :uri "/ping"})
; {:status 200, :body "ok"}
(app {:request-method :put, :uri "/ping"})
; nil
```
Name-based reverse routing:
```clj
(-> app
(ring/get-router)
(reitit/match-by-name ::ping)
:path)
; "/ping"
```
# Middleware
Middleware can be added with a `:middleware` key, either to top-level or under `:request-method` submap. It's value should be a vector of any the following:
1. normal ring middleware function `handler -> request -> response`
2. vector of middleware function `[handler args*] -> request -> response` and it's arguments
3. a [data-driven middleware](data_driven_middleware.md) record or a map
4. a Keyword name, to lookup the middleware from a [Middleware Registry](middleware_registry.md)
A middleware and a handler:
```clj
(defn wrap [handler id]
(fn [request]
(handler (update request ::acc (fnil conj []) id))))
(defn handler [{:keys [::acc]}]
{:status 200, :body (conj acc :handler)})
```
App with nested middleware:
```clj
(def app
(ring/ring-handler
(ring/router
;; a middleware function
["/api" {:middleware [#(wrap % :api)]}
["/ping" handler]
;; a middleware vector at top level
["/admin" {:middleware [[wrap :admin]]}
["/db" {:middleware [[wrap :db]]
;; a middleware vector at under a method
:delete {:middleware [[wrap :delete]]
:handler handler}}]]])))
```
Middleware is applied correctly:
```clj
(app {:request-method :delete, :uri "/api/ping"})
; {:status 200, :body [:api :handler]}
```
```clj
(app {:request-method :delete, :uri "/api/admin/db"})
; {:status 200, :body [:api :admin :db :delete :handler]}
```
# Async Ring
All built-in middleware provide both 2 and 3-arity and are compiled for both Clojure & ClojureScript, so they work with [Async Ring](https://www.booleanknot.com/blog/2016/07/15/asynchronous-ring.html) and [Node.js](https://nodejs.org) too.